Basic masamu: matanthauzo, zitsanzo

M'bukuli, tiwona matanthauzo, njira zambiri ndi zitsanzo za ntchito 4 za masamu (masamu) okhala ndi manambala: kuwonjezera, kuchotsa, kuchulukitsa ndi kugawa.

Kuwonjezera

Kuwonjezera ndi ntchito ya masamu yomwe imabweretsa chiwerengero.

Chiwerengero (snambala a₁, a₂... a_n imapezedwa powonjezera, mwachitsanzo s = ndi₁ + a₂ +... + A_n.

• s - kuchuluka;
• a₁, a₂... a_n - mawu.

Kuwonjezera kumatanthauzidwa ndi chizindikiro chapadera "+" (kuphatikiza), ndi kuchuluka kwake - "Σ".

Chitsanzo: pezani kuchuluka kwa manambala.

1) 3, 5 ndi 23.

2) 12, 25, 30, 44.

Mayankho:

1) 3 + 5 + 23 = 31

2) 12 + 25 + 30 + 44 = 111.

Kuchotsera

kuchotsa manambala ndikosiyana kowonjezera masamu, chifukwa chake pali kusiyana (c). Mwachitsanzo:

c = a₁ - b₁ - b₂ -…- b_n

• c - kusiyana;
• a₁ - kuchepetsedwa;
• b₁, b₂... b_n - deductible.

Kuchotsa kumatanthauzidwa ndi chizindikiro chapadera "-" (kuchotsa).

Chitsanzo: pezani kusiyana pakati pa manambala.

1) 62 kuchotsera 32 ndi 14.

2) 100 kuchotsera 49, 21 ndi 6.

Mayankho:

1) 62 – 32 – 14 = 16.

2) 100 – 49 – 21 – 6 = 24.

Kuwonjezeka

Kuwonjezeka ndi ntchito ya masamu yomwe imawerengera zikuchokera.

Ntchito (pnambala a₁, a₂... a_n imawerengedwa pochulukitsa, mwachitsanzo p = ndi₁ · ALI₂ · ... · a_n.

Kuchulukitsa kumatanthauzidwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera "·" or "x".

Chitsanzo: pezani zotsatira za manambala.

1) 3, 10 ndi 12.

2) 7, 1, 9 ndi 15.

Mayankho:

1) 3 · 10 · 12 = 360.

2) 7 1 9 15 = 945.

Division

Kugawa manambala ndiye kuphatikizika kwa kuchulukitsa, chifukwa chakufupikitsa kumawerengeredwa paokha (d). Mwachitsanzo:

d = ndi: b

• d - payekha;
• a - timagawana;
• b - wogawanitsa.

Kugawanika kumasonyezedwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera ":" or "/".

Chitsanzo: kupeza quotient.

1) 56 imagawidwa ndi 8.

2) Gawani 100 ndi 5, kenako ndi 2.

Mayankho:

1) 56 : 8 = 7.

2) 100 : 5 : 2 = 10 (100:5 = 20, 20:2 = 10).