Njira Zabwino Kwambiri Zogawanitsa Nyumba Yanu mu 2022
Muyenera kuganizira za kugula ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo logawanika pasadakhale, chifukwa kugula pakati pa chilimwe kudzakhala kokwera mtengo kwambiri. KP, pamodzi ndi katswiri Sergey Toporin, wakonza mlingo wa njira zotsika mtengo zogawanika za nyumba mu 2022, kuti mugule zipangizo zoyenera pasadakhale ndikukonzekera kutentha kwa chilimwe.

Malinga ndi zomwe ogula adakumana nazo, pachimake cha nyengo yoyika zida zanyengo pali mizere yayikulu, ndipo mitengo yazida imakwera. Izi, mwachitsanzo, zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha kwachilendo m'chilimwe cha 2021 ku Moscow, pamene chiwerengero cha machitidwe ogawanika ndi ma air conditioners omwe akupezeka kuti agulidwe adatsika kwambiri, ndipo tsiku lapafupi la kukhazikitsa zipangizo zoziziritsira linali m'masiku oyambirira a mphukira.

Monga mukudziwa, kutentha kwa mafupa sikupweteka, koma kumakhudza kwambiri chikhalidwe cha munthu. Machitidwe ogawanitsa amabwera kudzapulumutsa, omwe amaziziritsa mpweya m'chipindacho mumphindi zochepa. 

Pakusanja kwathu, tasonkhanitsa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri zotsika mtengo zamagawo ogawa nyumba, kutengera ndemanga za makasitomala. Zitsanzo zotsika mtengo, monga lamulo, sizoyenera nyumba zazikulu, chifukwa mphamvu zawo sizokwanira kumadera akuluakulu. Apa tikambirana za magawo ogawanika a zipinda zogona za 20-30 m². 

Kusankha Kwa Mkonzi 

Zanussi ZACS-07 SPR/A17/N1

Kutentha, mukufuna kulowa m'chipinda chozizira nthawi yomweyo, osadikirira kuti kutentha kugwe. Chifukwa cha chiwongolero chakutali kuchokera ku smartphone yanu ndi chowongolera mpweya ichi, mutha kuyatsa dongosolo logawanika musanafike kunyumba. Choncho, mukadzafika, kutentha kumakhala bwino. 

Ubwino wina wachitsanzocho ndikuti uli ndi njira 4 zogwirira ntchito ndipo zimatha kuziziritsa, kutentha, kutsitsa komanso kutulutsa mpweya m'nyumba mwanu. Dongosolo logawanikali limatha kupirira chipinda cha 20 m², chifukwa kuzirala kwake ndi 2.1 kW. 

Chigawo chamkati cha dongosolo logawanika chimangiriridwa pakhoma, ndipo phokoso la phokoso ndi 24 dB chifukwa cha "Silence" mode operation chete. Kuyerekeza: kuchuluka kwa kugwedeza kwa wotchi yapakhoma ndi pafupifupi 20 dB. 

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 21 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2100 W
Mphamvu yotentha2200 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)А
Kutentha kwakunja (kuzizira)18 - 45
Kutentha kwakunja (kutentha)-7 - 24
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Kuwongolera kutali, kugwira ntchito mwakachetechete, njira zingapo zogwirira ntchito, kuyeretsa mpweya ku fumbi ndi mabakiteriya
Palibe ionizer ya mpweya, malo osinthidwa akhungu amasokera pambuyo pozimitsa
onetsani zambiri

Njira 10 Zapamwamba Zogawanitsa Nyumba Zotsika mtengo mu 2022 Malinga ndi KP

1. Mzinda wa Rovex RS-09CST4

Ngakhale kuti chitsanzo cha Rovex City RS-09CST4 chakhala chikugulitsidwa kwa zaka zingapo, chimatengedwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zogawanika ndi ogula. Ogula amayamikira kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kugwira ntchito usiku ndi ma turbo modes. Wopangayo adasamalira chitetezo powonjezera ntchito yowongolera kutayikira kwa refrigerant. Ubwino wina ndi monga antibacterial fyuluta ndi otsika phokoso mlingo. 

Mutha kuyendetsa mpweya nokha pogwiritsa ntchito remote control. Ngakhale kuti dongosolo logawanika ili ndi bajeti, lili ndi njira yolumikizira Wi-Fi.

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 25 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2630 W
Mphamvu yotentha2690 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)A / A
Kutentha kwakunja (kuzizira)18 - 43
Kutentha kwakunja (kutentha)-7 - 24
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Usiku, mawonekedwe a turbo, kulumikizana kwa Wi-Fi, zosefera zabwino za antibacterial
Palibe inverter, pali kugwedezeka kwa gawo lakunja
onetsani zambiri

2. Centek 65F07

Ntchito yaikulu ya wopangayo inali kupanga dongosolo logawanika ndi phokoso laling'ono la khoma lamkati lamkati, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo ndikuchita bwino. Chipinda chakunja chimakhalanso chosamveka. Chitsanzochi chili ndi choyambirira cha Toshiba compressor, chomwe chimasonyeza ntchito yapamwamba, yogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ya dongosolo logawanika komanso kuzizira mofulumira kwa chipindacho.

Ngati pali kulephera kwa mphamvu, dongosololi limadziyambitsanso lokha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mphamvu itazimitsidwa kwakanthawi m'nyumba mwanu, ngati mulibe dongosololi lidzayatsa basi mphamvuyo ikangobwezeretsedwa. Ndi dongosolo logawanika ili, n'zosavuta kukhala ndi microclimate yabwino m'chipindamo, kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha ntchito yoziziritsira yoyambira yokha. 

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 27 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2700 W
Mphamvu yotentha2650 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)A / A
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Kuchita mwakachetechete ngakhale popanda mitundu yapadera (phokoso la 23dts), kuyeretsa zokha ndikuyambitsanso
Palibe zosefera zabwino, chingwe chachifupi chamagetsi
onetsani zambiri

3. Pioneer Artis KFR25MW

Kwa iwo omwe amasamala za kuyeretsedwa kwa mpweya wosiyanasiyana, mtundu wa Pioneer Artis KFR25MW udzawoneka wokongola chifukwa cha zosefera zingapo, kuphatikiza za ionization ya mpweya. Chifukwa cha zokutira zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri, dongosolo logawanikali likhoza kukhazikitsidwa ngakhale m'chipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. 

Ngati muli ndi ana omwe akufuna kukanikiza mabatani onse pa remote control, dongosolo logawanika ili ndi lanu. Wopangayo adaganiza za mphindi ino ndikupanga ntchito yotsekereza mabatani pamagetsi akutali. Zochepa, koma zabwino. 

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 22 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2550 W
Mphamvu yotentha2650 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)A / A
Kutentha kwakunja (kuzizira)18 - 43
Kutentha kwakunja (kutentha)-7 - 24
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Kutseka kwa batani lakutali, zosefera zabwino
Phokoso ndilokwera kuposa ma analogi
onetsani zambiri

4. Loriot LAC-09AS

Dongosolo logawanitsa la Loriot LAC-09AS ndiloyenera kupanga ndikusunga malo abwino okhala m'chipinda chofikira 25m². Iwo omwe amaganizira poyamba za kuchezeka kwa chilengedwe adzawona zabwino za R410 freon, zomwe, popanda kutaya ntchito zake zozizira, zimakhalabe zotetezeka komanso zachilengedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, pali ntchito yowunikira kutayikira kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi.

Kuphatikiza pa fani yothamanga inayi, kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi makina oyeretsa mpweya wathunthu pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera za photocatalytic, carbon ndi catechin. Izi zikusonyeza kuti chipangizochi chimatha kupirira bwino ngakhale ndi fungo losasangalatsa m'chipindamo. 

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 25 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2650 W
Mphamvu yotentha2700 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)A / A
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Zosefera zabwino za 3-in-1, ntchito yogona kwambiri, zosefera zamkati zomwe zimatha kutsuka
Malangizo osadziwika olamulira akutali, mtengo ndi wapamwamba kuposa zitsanzo za mphamvu zofanana
onetsani zambiri

5. Kentatsu ICHI KSGI21HFAN1

Atsogoleri a msika wa ku Japan pazida zoyendetsera nyengo akuwongolera nthawi zonse zipangizo zawo, kotero kuti zachilendo zina zawonekera - mndandanda wa ICHI. Ndi bwino pamene chipangizo chimodzi, koma pali ntchito zingapo. Pankhaniyi, dongosolo logawanika limagwira ntchito mwangwiro osati kuzizira kokha, komanso kutentha, kuphatikizapo kulibe.  

Iyi ndi njira yabwino yothetsera nyumba ya dziko, chifukwa chipangizochi chimakhala ndi ntchito yoteteza chipinda kuti chisazizira: munjira iyi, dongosolo logawanika limasunga kutentha kosalekeza kwa +8 ° C. Ma midadada onsewa ali ndi anti-corrosion treatment. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa chitsanzo ichi ndi kochepa - 0,63 kW, komanso phokoso la phokoso (26 dB). 

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 25 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2340 W
Mphamvu yotentha2340 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)A / A
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Anti-freeze system; otsika phokoso ntchito pa pazipita liwiro
Phokoso lakunja lakunja, palibe ma gaskets a rabara oyika panja
onetsani zambiri

6. AERONIK ASI-07HS5/ASO-07HS5

Kwa iwo omwe amakonda kuwongolera zida m'nyumba kuchokera pa foni yam'manja, pali Aeronik ASI-07HS5/ASO-07HS5 yogawanika. Uwu ndi mzere wosinthidwa wa HS5 Super, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe atsopano komanso owongolera kuchokera pa foni yamakono kudzera pa intaneti ya Wi-Fi.

Eni ake a chipangizo choziziritsa ichi sayenera kudandaula kuti kudzazizira kwambiri usiku pambuyo pa kutentha kwa masana, popeza dongosolo logawanika limayang'anira kutentha palokha usiku. 

Makasitomala amawonanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono mumayendedwe oima.

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 22 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2250 W
Mphamvu yotentha2350 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)A / A
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Kuwongolera kwa Smartphone, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa
Palibe zosefera zina kuposa muyezo umodzi ndi njira ziwiri zokha zogwirira ntchito: kutenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa
onetsani zambiri

7. ASW H07B4/LK-700R1

Model ASW H07B4/LK-700R1 kwa madera mpaka 20 m². Imamanga magawo angapo a kuyeretsa mpweya, komanso ntchito ya ionization ya mpweya. Palinso kuthekera kwa ntchito mu Kutentha mode. 

Ndi chitsanzo ichi, simudzasowa nthawi zambiri kuti muyitane ntchito yoyeretsa yogawanika, chifukwa wopanga wapereka ntchito yodzitchinjiriza kwa chojambulira kutentha ndi fani. 

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 20 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2100 W
Mphamvu yotentha2200 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)A / A
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Mulingo wabwino wodzitchinjiriza, ionizer yomangidwa mkati, chitetezo cha antifungal chilipo
Palibe mawonekedwe a dehumidification, kuti muwongolere kuchokera pafoni muyenera kugula gawo losiyana
onetsani zambiri

8. Jax ACE-08HE

Split system Jax ACE-08HE imasiyana ndi ma analogue chifukwa nayo simudzanunkhiza fumbi mchipindamo chifukwa cha zosefera zabwino za antibacterial. Kuphatikiza kwa zosefera muzachitsanzo ndizopadera: 3 mu 1 "Cold Catalyst + Active, Carbon + Silver ION". Kusefera kumachitika pa mfundo ya chothandizira ozizira, chifukwa cha mbale yokhala ndi titaniyamu woipa. 

Pankhani ya chitetezo, wopanga wasamalira chitetezo ku mapangidwe a ayezi ndi kutulutsa koziziritsa. Mtundu uwu uli ndi chowongolera chakumbuyo chakumbuyo. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya wozizira kumangopita ku gulu lowongolera, ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya m'chipindacho kumachepetsedwa kukhala zofunikira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa mwamsanga. 

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 20 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2230 W
Mphamvu yotentha2730 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)A / A
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Symbiosis ya zosefera zoyeretsera bwino mpweya, kuzizira kwambiri kwa mpweya, kuwongolera mphamvu ya inverter
Zakutali zopanda nyali zakumbuyo, zomwe sizigulitsidwa kawirikawiri
onetsani zambiri

9. TCL TAC-09HRA/GA

Dongosolo logawanitsa la TCL TAC-09HRA/GA lokhala ndi ma compressor amphamvu ndi oyenera kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupeza makina oziziritsa mwakachetechete omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi. Opanga chitsanzo ichi aganizira zonse mwatsatanetsatane - dongosolo logawanika limasunga kutentha kokhazikika popanda kulephera, ndipo mukhoza kulamulira zizindikiro pawonetsero zobisika. 

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugula zosefera zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera mpweya wabwino: anion, carbon ndi silver ions. Izi zimasiyanitsa chitsanzocho ndi ochita nawo mpikisano, ndikulola kuti ikhalebe m'gulu la bajeti la machitidwe ogawanika. 

Mawonekedwe

Mtunduwall
Areampaka 25 m²
Mphamvu yozizira2450 W
Mphamvu yotentha2550 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)A / B
Kutentha kwakunja (kuzizira)20 - 43
Kutentha kwakunja (kutentha)-7 - 24
Njira yogonaayi
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Pali dongosolo lomwe limalepheretsa mapangidwe a ayezi, phokoso lochepa
Palibe chiyambi chofunda, palibe njira yausiku komanso ntchito yodziyeretsa yokha
onetsani zambiri

10. Oasis PN-18M

Ngati tikukamba za kusankha chitsanzo cha bajeti cha dongosolo logawanika lapansi ndi denga, ndiye kuti muyenera kuganizira za Oasis PN-18M. Zachidziwikire, chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri, zimawononga ndalama zambiri, koma akadali njira ya bajeti m'gulu lake. Malo ogwirira ntchito a unit iyi ndi 50 m². 

Monga mitundu ina yambiri, pali kukonza kwachangu kwa kutentha komwe mumakhazikitsa, ndikudziwunikira nokha zolakwika ndi chowerengera. 

Mawonekedwe

Mtundupansi-denga
Area50 m²
Mphamvu yozizira5300 W
Mphamvu yotentha5800 W
Gulu lamphamvu zamagetsi (kuzizira / kutentha)V/S
Kutentha kwakunja (kuzizira)mpaka + 49
Kutentha kwakunja (kutentha)-15 - 24
Njira yogonainde
Auto clear modeinde

Ubwino ndi zoyipa

Ozone-otetezeka freon R410A, kuthamanga kwa 3 fan
Palibe zosefera zabwino
onetsani zambiri

Momwe mungasankhire dongosolo logawanika lotsika mtengo la nyumba yanu

Dzina lakuti "split system" silidziwika kwa aliyense, mosiyana ndi air conditioner. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani? Ma air conditioners amagawidwa m'magulu awiri: 

  • ma air conditioners a monobloc, monga mafoni kapena zenera; 
  • machitidwe ogawa: wopangidwa ndi midadada iwiri kapena kupitilira apo 

Machitidwe ogawa, nawonso, amagawidwa khoma, pansi ndi denga, makaseti, ndime, njira. Kusiyana pakati pazigawo zoziziritsa izi ndi monoblocks ndikuti chipika chimodzi chili m'nyumba, ndipo chachiwiri chimayikidwa panja. 

Nthawi zambiri, dongosolo logawanika lokhala ndi khoma limayikidwa mu nazale yaying'ono, chipinda chogona kapena chipinda chochezera. Chipinda chamkati chimakhala chophatikizika, chokwera pakhoma mpaka padenga ndipo chimakwanira mkati mwamtundu uliwonse. Ndipo kuziziritsa kwa makina ogawanika opangidwa ndi khoma kumayambira 2 mpaka 8 kW, zomwe zimakwanira kuziziritsa chipinda chaching'ono (20-30m²). 

Kwa zipinda zazikulu, machitidwe ogawanika pansi mpaka pansi ndi abwino kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, ndiko kuti, m'maofesi, m'malo odyera, malo ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi ma cinema. Ubwino wawo ndikuti amatha kumangirizidwa ku denga labodza, kapena mosemphanitsa, kuyikidwa pamlingo wa boarding board. Mphamvu zogawanitsa pansi mpaka padenga nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuyambira 7 mpaka 15 kW, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gawo la pafupifupi 60 m² lidzakhazikika bwino ndi gawoli. 

Makina ogawa makaseti ndi oyenera malo opangira mafakitale okhala ndi denga lalitali ndi malo opitilira 70 m². Pali zitsanzo zathyathyathya kwambiri, pamene mpweya wozizira umapita mbali zingapo nthawi imodzi. 

Njira zogawanitsa mizati sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pazinthu zapakhomo. Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, amaziziritsa bwino zipinda zazikulu (100-150m²), kotero kuyika kwawo ndikoyenera m'malo osiyanasiyana ogulitsa mafakitale ndi nyumba zamaofesi. 

Kuti muziziritsa zipinda zingapo zoyandikana, ndikofunikira kusankha njira zogawanitsa njira. Mphamvu zawo zimafikira 44 kW, kotero zidapangidwira malo opitilira 120 m².

Ndi mitundu yonse yamitundu, mutha kusankha mosavuta dongosolo logawanika ngati mukudziwa zomwe zili zofunika.

Malo a chipinda ndi mphamvu

Nthawi zonse tchulani manambala omwe ali muukadaulo wa chipangizocho m'zigawo za "maximum area" ndi "kukhoza kuzirala". Kotero mutha kupeza kuchuluka kwa chipinda chomwe dongosolo logawanika limatha kuziziritsa. Kumbukirani zojambula za chipinda chomwe mukukonzekera kukhazikitsa dongosolo logawanika ndikusankha chitsanzo choyenera. 

Kukhalapo kwa inverter

M'makina ogawa ma inverter, kompresa imayenda mosalekeza, ndipo mphamvu imasinthidwa ndikuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa liwiro la injini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutentha kapena kuzizira kwa chipindacho kudzakhala yunifolomu komanso mofulumira.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha inverter kwa iwo omwe amangoganizira osati ntchito zoziziritsa za dongosolo logawanika. Inverter unit idzatha kuthana ndi kutentha kwathunthu kwa chipinda m'nyengo yozizira. Koma apa ndikofunikira kuzindikira kuti ma inverters ndi okwera mtengo kuposa mitundu wamba.

Malangizo onse

  1. Sankhani zitsanzo zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa (kalasi A) chifukwa zimakupulumutsirani ndalama zambiri. 
  2. Yang'anani pa mlingo wa phokoso. Momwemo, iyenera kukhala mumtundu wa 25-35 dB, koma kumbukirani kuti pamene ntchito ikuwonjezeka, phokoso lidzawonjezeka. 
  3. Dziwani zomwe thupi lamkati lamkati limapangidwira, popeza mitundu yoyera imakonda kusintha mtundu pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha kuwala kwa dzuwa, fumbi, ndi zina. 

Ngati mumayang'ana pazigawo zomwe zasonyezedwa pamwambapa, mutha kusankha nthawi yomweyo bajeti, mtundu wamphamvu komanso wabata wa dongosolo logawanika. 

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Sergey Toporin, katswiri wokhazikitsa makina ogawanitsa mabanja, adayankha mafunso odziwika bwino okhudza kusankha makina ogawa nyumba yanu.

Ndi magawo ati omwe makina ogawaniza otsika mtengo azikhala nawo?

Posankha, timalabadira: mlingo wa phokoso, mlingo wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, miyeso yonse ndi kulemera kwa midadada. Muyenera kukhala ndi chidwi ndi kutalika ndi kutalika kwa chipinda chamkati poyamba. Timafunikira manambalawa kuti timvetsetse komwe komanso momwe tingakhazikitsire dongosolo logawanika. Kumbukirani kuti pakukhazikitsa, muyenera kuyika mtunda kuchokera padenga (denga kapena khoma) osachepera 5 cm, ndi zitsanzo zina zosachepera 15 cm. kulumikiza chingwe chamagetsi. Ponena za kulemera kwa dongosolo logawanika, zimatikondweretsa ife pang'ono. Ndikofunika kwambiri kusankha zomangira zomwe zimatha kupirira katundu wofanana ndi chipika. 

Kodi malo abwino kwambiri oti muyikepo dongosolo logawanika m'nyumba ndi liti?

Sitidzayang'ana pazokongoletsera ndi njira zothetsera kuyika kwa machitidwe ogawanika, nyumba iliyonse ndi payekha pankhaniyi. Koma pankhani yaukadaulo, ndikofunikira kukumbukira malamulo angapo osavuta:

1. Kukonzekera kwa chipinda chamkati chiyenera kukhala pafupi ndi malo a kunja kwa kunja. 

2. kuti "osawomba", ndi bwino kukhazikitsa dongosolo logawanika osati pa malo ogona osati pa kompyuta. 

Kodi opanga makina ogawanitsa nthawi zambiri amapulumutsa pa chiyani?

Tsoka ilo, opanga osakhulupirika amasunga mfundo pazinthu zonse, makamaka mumitundu ya bajeti. Zosefera ndi thupi lenilenilo zitha kuvutikira, ndipo mankhwala oletsa dzimbiri omwe adanenedwawo sangakhale. Pali njira imodzi yokha yotulutsira izi - kugula zitsanzo kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika, kuphatikizapo ogulitsa ovomerezeka (ngati tikukamba za Japanese ndi Chinese brands).

Siyani Mumakonda