"Chenjerani ndi phokoso!": Momwe mungatetezere makutu anu ndi psyche

M'nthawi ya kuipitsidwa kwaphokoso, tikakhala m'malo okhala phokoso lokhazikika, makamaka ngati tikukhala m'mizinda ikuluikulu, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe tingasamalire kumva, kuthana ndi phokoso m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso wantchito. Otolaryngologist Svetlana Ryabova adalankhula za kusiyana pakati pa phokoso ndi phokoso, ndi phokoso lanji lomwe liri lovulaza, zomwe ziyenera kupeŵedwa kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino.

Chilichonse chomwe mumafuna kudziwa zaphokoso

Kodi mungafotokoze bwanji kusiyana pakati pa phokoso ndi phokoso? Kodi malire ake ndi otani?

Phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kwamakina komwe kumafalikira mumlengalenga: mpweya, madzi, thupi lolimba, ndipo zimazindikirika ndi chiwalo chathu chakumva - khutu. Phokoso ndi phokoso lomwe kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa ma acoustic komwe kumazindikiridwa ndi khutu kumakhala kosasintha ndipo kumabwereza nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Motero, phokoso ndi phokoso limene limawononga kwambiri thupi la munthu.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro a thupi, mawu otsika, apakati ndi apamwamba amasiyanitsidwa. Ma oscillations amaphimba mafupipafupi osiyanasiyana: kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 16 Hz - zomveka zosamveka (infrasound); kuchokera 16 mpaka 20 zikwi Hz - zomveka, ndi pa 20 zikwi Hz - ultrasound. Malo omwe amamveka phokoso, ndiye kuti, malire a kukhudzika kwakukulu kwa khutu la munthu, ali pakati pa chigawo cha tcheru ndi pakhomo la ululu ndipo ndi 130 dB. Kuthamanga kwa phokoso pankhaniyi ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti sikumveka ngati phokoso, koma ngati ululu.

Ndi njira ziti zomwe zimayambika m'makutu/khutu lamkati tikamva phokoso losasangalatsa?

Kutalika kwa phokoso kumakhudza kwambiri ziwalo zakumva, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa phokoso. Izi zimabweretsa kutayika kwa makutu koyambirira ndi mtundu wa kuzindikira kwamawu, ndiko kuti, kumva kutayika kwa ma sensorineural.

Ngati munthu akumva phokoso nthawi zonse, kodi izi zingayambitse matenda aakulu? Kodi matenda amenewa ndi chiyani?

Phokoso limakhala ndi mphamvu yodzikundikira, ndiko kuti, zokopa zamayimbidwe, zimawunjikana m'thupi, zimasokoneza kwambiri dongosolo lamanjenje. Ngati phokoso lalikulu likuzungulira ife tsiku ndi tsiku, mwachitsanzo, mu sitima yapansi panthaka, munthu pang'onopang'ono amasiya kuona anthu chete, kutaya kumva ndi kumasula dongosolo lamanjenje.

Phokoso lamtundu wamtundu wa audio limabweretsa kuchepa kwa chidwi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa zolakwika panthawi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito. Phokoso limafooketsa chapakati mantha dongosolo, zimayambitsa kusintha kwa mlingo wa kupuma ndi kugunda kwa mtima, kumathandiza kuti kagayidwe kachakudya matenda, kupezeka kwa matenda a mtima, zilonda zam`mimba, ndi matenda oopsa.

Kodi phokoso limayambitsa kutopa kosatha? Kodi kuthana nazo?

Inde, kumva phokoso nthawi zonse kungakupangitseni kumva kutopa kosatha. Mwa munthu wokhala ndi phokoso lokhazikika, kugona kumasokonekera kwambiri, kumakhala kwachiphamaso. Pambuyo pa maloto otero, munthu amamva kutopa komanso mutu. Kusagona kosalekeza kumabweretsa kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso.

Kodi malo opanda phokoso angayambitse khalidwe laukali la anthu? Kodi izi zikugwirizana bwanji?

Chimodzi mwa zinsinsi za kupambana kwa nyimbo za rock ndi kutuluka kwa zomwe zimatchedwa kuledzera kwa phokoso. Mothandizidwa ndi phokoso kuchokera ku 85 mpaka 90 dB, kumva kumva kutsika kumatsika kwambiri, kukhudzidwa kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu, phokoso loposa 110 dB kumabweretsa kuledzera kwaphokoso ndipo, chifukwa chake, kukwiya.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji ku Russia kuli nkhani zochepa chonchi za kuipitsa phokoso?

Mwina chifukwa kwa zaka zambiri palibe amene anali ndi chidwi ndi thanzi la anthu. Tiyenera kupereka msonkho, m'zaka zaposachedwa, chidwi cha nkhaniyi chawonjezeka ku Moscow. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yolima dimba la Garden mphete ikuchitika, ndipo nyumba zoteteza zikumangidwa m'mphepete mwa misewu yayikulu. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti malo obiriwira amachepetsa phokoso la pamsewu ndi 8-10 dB.

Nyumba zogona ziyenera "kuchotsedwa" kuchokera m'mphepete mwa misewu ndi 15-20 m, ndipo malo ozungulirawo ayenera kukhala okongola. Pakali pano, akatswiri a zachilengedwe akukweza mozama za momwe phokoso limakhudzira thupi la munthu. Ndipo ku Russia, sayansi inayamba kukula, yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama m'mayiko angapo a ku Ulaya, monga Italy, Germany - Soundscape Ecology - ecology yachilengedwe (ecology of the sound landscape).

Kodi tinganene kuti anthu a mumzinda waphokoso amamva moipa kuposa amene amakhala m’malo opanda phokoso?

Inde, mungathe. Zimaganiziridwa kuti phokoso lovomerezeka masana ndi 55 dB. Mulingo uwu sumawononga kumva ngakhale ndikuwonetsa pafupipafupi. Phokoso mukamagona limawerengedwa kuti likufika ku 40 dB. Phokoso m'madera oyandikana nawo ndi oyandikana nawo omwe ali m'mphepete mwa misewu yayikulu amafika 76,8 dB. Phokoso loyezedwa m'malo okhala ndi mawindo otseguka moyang'anizana ndi misewu yayikulu ndi kutsika kwa 10-15 dB.

Phokoso laphokoso likukula limodzi ndi kukula kwa mizinda (zaka zingapo zapitazi, pafupifupi phokoso lotulutsidwa ndi zoyendera lawonjezeka ndi 12-14 dB). Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, munthu amene ali m’chilengedwe sakhala chete. Tazunguliridwa ndi phokoso lachilengedwe - phokoso la mafunde, phokoso la nkhalango, phokoso la mtsinje, mtsinje, mathithi, phokoso la mphepo mumtsinje wamapiri. Koma tikuona kuti maphokoso onsewa ali chete. Umu ndi momwe makutu athu amagwirira ntchito.

Kuti timve "zofunikira", ubongo wathu umasefa maphokoso achilengedwe. Kuti tifufuze liwiro la njira zamaganizo, kuyesera kosangalatsa kotsatiraku kunachitika: odzipereka khumi omwe adavomera kutenga nawo mbali mu phunziroli adafunsidwa kuti azichita nawo ntchito zamaganizo ku zomveka zosiyanasiyana.

Zinafunika kuthetsa zitsanzo za 10 (kuchokera pa tebulo lochulukitsa, kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa ndi kusintha kwa khumi ndi awiri, kuti mupeze kusintha kosadziwika). Zotsatira za nthawi yomwe zitsanzo za 10 zinathetsedwa mwakachetechete zinatengedwa ngati chizolowezi. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zidapezedwa:

• Pomvetsera phokoso la kubowola, ntchito ya maphunzirowo inachepetsedwa ndi 18,3-21,6%;
• Pomvetsera kung'ung'udza kwa mtsinje ndi kuyimba kwa mbalame, 2-5% yokha;
• Chotsatira chochititsa chidwi chinapezedwa posewera "Moonlight Sonata" ya Beethoven: liwiro lowerengera linakula ndi 7%.

Zizindikirozi zimatiuza kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya phokoso imakhudza munthu m'njira zosiyanasiyana: phokoso lopweteka la kubowola limachepetsa malingaliro a munthu ndi pafupifupi 20%, phokoso lachilengedwe silimasokoneza malingaliro a munthu, komanso kumvetsera. kukhazika mtima pansi nyimbo zachikale zimakhala ndi phindu kwa ife, kuonjezera mphamvu ya ubongo.

Kodi kumva kumasintha bwanji pakapita nthawi? Kodi kumva kungawonongeke bwanji ngati mukukhala mumzinda waphokoso?

M'kupita kwa moyo, kumva kutayika kwachilengedwe kumachitika, zomwe zimatchedwa phenomenon - presbycusis. Pali chizolowezi cha kumva kutayika kwa ma frequency ena pakadutsa zaka 50. Koma, ndi chikoka chosalekeza cha phokoso pa mitsempha ya cochlear (mtsempha womwe umayambitsa kufalitsa kwa zikhumbo zamawu), chizolowezicho chimasanduka matenda. Malinga ndi asayansi a ku Austria, phokoso m'mizinda ikuluikulu limachepetsa moyo wa anthu ndi zaka 8-12!

Phokoso la chikhalidwe chanji chomwe chimawononga kwambiri ziwalo zakumva, thupi?

Phokoso lamphamvu kwambiri, ladzidzidzi - kulira kwamfuti pafupi kapena phokoso la injini ya jet - likhoza kuwononga chothandizira kumva. Monga katswiri wa otolaryngologist, nthawi zambiri ndakhala ndikukumana ndi vuto lalikulu lakumva - makamaka kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ya makutu - pambuyo powombera kapena kusaka bwino, ndipo nthawi zina pambuyo pa disco usiku.

Pomaliza, ndi njira ziti zoperekera makutu anu kupuma zomwe mumalimbikitsa?

Monga ndanenera, m'pofunika kudziteteza ku nyimbo zaphokoso, kuchepetsa kuonera kwanu mapulogalamu a pa TV. Mukamagwira ntchito yaphokoso, ola lililonse muyenera kukumbukira kupuma kwa mphindi 10. Samalani ndi voliyumu yomwe mukulankhula, zisakupwetekeni inu kapena wolankhulayo. Phunzirani kulankhula mwakachetechete ngati mumakonda kulankhula mokhudza mtima kwambiri. Ngati n'kotheka, khalani omasuka m'chilengedwe nthawi zambiri - motere muthandizira kumva komanso dongosolo lamanjenje.

Kuphatikiza apo, monga katswiri wa otolaryngologist, mutha kuyankhapo momwe ndi momwe zilili bwino kumvera nyimbo ndi mahedifoni?

Vuto lalikulu pakumvetsera nyimbo ndi mahedifoni ndikuti munthu sangathe kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa voliyumu. Ndiko kuti, zingawoneke kwa iye kuti nyimboyo ikuimba mwakachetechete, koma kwenikweni adzakhala ndi ma decibel pafupifupi 100 m'makutu mwake. Zotsatira zake, achinyamata amasiku ano amayamba kukhala ndi vuto lakumva, komanso thanzi labwino, ali ndi zaka 30.

Kuti mupewe kukula kwa ugonthi, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mahedifoni apamwamba kwambiri omwe amalepheretsa kulowerera kwa phokoso lakunja ndikuchotsa kufunika kowonjezera phokoso. Phokoso palokha sayenera kupitirira mulingo wapakati - 10 dB. Muyenera kumvera nyimbo pamakutu osapitilira mphindi 30, kenaka mupume kwa mphindi 10.

Zoletsa phokoso

Ambiri aife timathera theka la moyo wathu muofesi ndipo sizingatheke nthawi zonse kukhala pamodzi ndi phokoso kuntchito. Galina Carlson, mkulu wa chigawo cha Jabra (kampani yomwe imapanga mayankho a ma headset osamva komanso akatswiri, omwe ali mbali ya GN Group yomwe inakhazikitsidwa zaka 150 zapitazo) ku Russia, our country, CIS ndi Georgia, akugawana nawo: "Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa The Guardian. , chifukwa cha phokoso ndi kusokonezedwa kotsatirapo, antchito amataya mphindi 86 patsiku.”

M'munsimu muli malangizo ochokera kwa Galina Carlson a momwe antchito angathanirane ndi phokoso muofesi ndikuyang'anitsitsa bwino.

Sunthani zida momwe mungathere

Printer, copier, scanner ndi fax zilipo muofesi iliyonse. Tsoka ilo, si makampani onse omwe amaganizira za malo opambana a zidazi. Tsimikizirani wochita zisankho kuti awonetsetse kuti zidazo zili kutali kwambiri ndipo sizikupanga phokoso lowonjezera. Ngati sitikulankhula za malo otseguka, koma za zipinda zing'onozing'ono zosiyana, mukhoza kuyesa kuyika zipangizo zaphokoso m'chipinda cholandirira alendo kapena pafupi ndi phwando.

Misonkhano isakhale chete momwe mungathere

Nthawi zambiri misonkhano yamagulu imakhala yachisokonezo, pambuyo pake mutu umapweteka: anzako amasokoneza wina ndi mzake, ndikupanga maziko osasangalatsa. Aliyense ayenera kuphunzira kumvera ena omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamisonkhano.

Tsatirani "malamulo aukhondo pantchito"

Payenera kukhala zopuma zokwanira pa ntchito iliyonse. Ngati n'kotheka, tulukani mpweya wabwino, sinthani kuchokera kumalo aphokoso - kotero kuti katundu pa dongosolo la mitsempha adzachepetsedwa. Pokhapokha, ofesi yanu ili pafupi ndi msewu waukulu wodutsa anthu, kumene phokoso lidzakupwetekani kwambiri.

Pita mwachangu - yesani kugwira ntchito kunyumba nthawi zina

Ngati chikhalidwe cha kampani yanu chikuloleza, ganizirani kugwira ntchito kunyumba. Mudzadabwa kuti ndizosavuta bwanji kuti muziyang'ana ntchito, chifukwa anzanu sangakusokonezeni ndi mafunso osiyanasiyana.

Sankhani nyimbo yoyenera kuti mukhazikike ndikupumula

Mwachiwonekere, osati "Moonlight Sonata" yomwe ingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ndende. Sonkhanitsani mndandanda wazosewerera wanthawi zomwe muyenera kuyika chidwi chanu chonse pa nkhani yofunika. Iyenera kuphatikiza nyimbo zokweza, zolimbikitsa ndi tempos yachangu, ndikusakanikirana ndi nyimbo zopanda ndale. Mvetserani "kusakaniza" uku kwa mphindi 90 (ndi kupuma, zomwe tidalemba kale).

Kenaka, panthawi yopuma kwa mphindi 20, sankhani nyimbo ziwiri kapena zitatu zozungulira - nyimbo zotsegula, zazitali, zotsika komanso mafupipafupi, nyimbo zochepetsetsa ndi ng'oma yochepa.

Kusinthana molingana ndi dongosololi kudzathandiza ubongo kuganiza mozama. Mapulogalamu apadera omwe amathandiza ogwiritsa ntchito kusunga voliyumu ya nyimbo zomwe zakhazikitsidwa zingathandizenso kuti asawononge kumva kwawo.