Kodi njuchi zimapanga bwanji uchi?
Nectar ndi madzi okoma omwe ali m'maluwa, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ndi njuchi yokhala ndi proboscis yayitali. Tizilomboti timasunga timadzi tokoma m’mimba mwake, totchedwa honey goiter. Nectar ndi yofunika kwambiri kwa njuchi, choncho ngati njuchi imodzi yapeza gwero lambiri la timadzi tokoma, imatha kuyankhulana ndi njuchi zina kudzera mu magule angapo. Mungu ndi wofunikiranso: tinthu tachikasu tating'onoting'ono tamaluwa timakhala ndi mapuloteni, lipids, mavitamini ndi mchere ndipo ndi chakudya cha njuchi. Munguwo umasungidwa m’zisa zopanda kanthu ndipo ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga “mkate wa njuchi,” chakudya chofufumitsa chimene tizilombo timapanga ponyowetsa munguwo.
Koma chakudya chambiri chimasonkhanitsidwa posakasaka. Pamene njuchi zimamveka kuzungulira duwa kusonkhanitsa mungu ndi timadzi tokoma, mapuloteni apadera (ma enzyme) omwe ali m'mimba mwawo amasintha mankhwala a timadzi tokoma, kuti tikhale oyenera kusungirako nthawi yaitali.
Njuchi ikabwerera kumng’oma wake, imakapereka timadzi tokoma ku njuchi ina poboola, n’chifukwa chake ena amatcha uchi kuti “masanzi a njuchi.” Ndondomeko akubwerezedwa mpaka timadzi tokoma, anasandulika wandiweyani madzi wolemera mu chapamimba michere, akulowa zisa.
Njuchi zikugwirabe ntchito kusandutsa timadzi tokoma kukhala uchi. Tizilombo takhama timagwiritsa ntchito mapiko awo kuti “tifufuze” timadzi tokoma, zomwe zimachititsa kuti madziwo asamafe. Madzi ambiri akachoka mu timadzi tokoma, njuchi zimapeza uchiwo. Njuchi zimamata zisa ndi zotuluka m'mimba mwawo, zomwe zimauma kukhala sera, ndipo uchiwo ukhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Pazonse, njuchi zimachepetsa madzi omwe ali mu timadzi tokoma kuchoka pa 90% mpaka 20%.
Malinga ndi Scientific American, koloni imodzi imatha kupanga pafupifupi 110 kg ya timadzi tokoma - chiwerengero chachikulu, chifukwa maluwa ambiri amangotulutsa timadzi tating'ono. Mtsuko wamba wa uchi umafuna njuchi miliyoni imodzi. Gulu limodzi limatha kupanga mitsuko 50 mpaka 100 ya uchi pachaka.
Kodi njuchi zimafuna uchi?
Njuchi zimagwira ntchito yochuluka kupanga uchi. Malinga ndi BeeSpotter, njuchi zambiri zimakhala ndi njuchi 30. Amakhulupirira kuti njuchi zimagwiritsa ntchito malita 000 mpaka 135 a uchi pachaka.
Mungu ndiye chakudya chachikulu cha njuchi, koma uchi ndi wofunikanso. Njuchi zantchito zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati gwero lazakudya zopatsa mphamvu. Uchi umadyedwanso ndi ma drones akuluakulu pokwera ndege ndipo ndi wofunikira kuti mphutsi zikule.
Uchi ndi wofunika kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, pamene njuchi ndi mfumukazi zimasonkhana pamodzi n'kupanga uchiwo kuti utenthe. Pambuyo pa chisanu choyamba, maluwawo amatha, choncho uchi umakhala gwero lofunikira la chakudya. Uchi umateteza njuchi ku chimfine. Uchi ukhoza kufa ngati palibe uchi wokwanira.
anthu ndi uchi
Uchi wakhala mbali ya zakudya za anthu kwa zaka zikwi zambiri.
Alyssa Crittenden, katswiri wazachilengedwe komanso katswiri wazachipatala ku yunivesite ya Nevada, analemba za mbiri ya anthu omwe amamwa uchi m'magazini ya Food and Foodways. Zojambula zamiyala zosonyeza zisa, njuchi zambiri komanso kutolera uchi zidayamba zaka 40 ndipo zapezeka ku Africa, Europe, Asia ndi Australia. Crittenden akulozera ku umboni wina wochuluka wakuti anthu oyambirira ankadya uchi. Anyani monga anyani, macaques, ndi gorilla amadziwika kuti amadya uchi. Amakhulupirira kuti “ndipo mwachionekere kuti ma hominids oyambirira anali okhoza kukolola uchi.”
Magazini ya Science Magazine imatsimikizira mkangano umenewu ndi umboni wowonjezereka: Zolemba zakale za ku Aigupto zosonyeza njuchi zinayamba mu 2400 BC. e. Sera yapezeka m'miphika yadothi yazaka 9000 ku Turkey. Uchi wapezeka m'manda a Afarao ku Aigupto.
Kodi uchi ndi wosadyera?
Malinga ndi kunena kwa The Vegan Society, “kudyera nyama ndi njira ya moyo imene munthu amayesetsa kuchotsa, momwe angathere, kudyera masuku pamutu ndi kuchitira nkhanza nyama, kuphatikizapo chakudya, zovala, kapena cholinga china chilichonse.”
Kutengera kutanthauzira uku, uchi sizinthu zamakhalidwe abwino. Ena amatsutsa kuti uchi wopangidwa ndi malonda ndi wosayenera, koma kudya uchi wochokera kumalo osungirako njuchi ndikwabwino. Koma The Vegan Society imakhulupirira kuti palibe uchi umene umadya njuchi: “Njuchi zimapangira njuchi uchi, ndipo anthu amanyalanyaza thanzi lawo ndi moyo wawo. Kutola uchi kumatsutsana ndi lingaliro la veganism, lomwe likufuna kuthetsa osati nkhanza, komanso kudyera masuku pamutu.
Uchi siwofunika kokha kuti mtunduwu ukhale ndi moyo, komanso ndi ntchito yowononga nthawi. Vegan Society imanena kuti njuchi iliyonse imapanga gawo limodzi mwa magawo khumi ndi awiri a supuni ya tiyi ya uchi m'moyo wake wonse. Kuchotsa uchi ku njuchi kungawonongenso mng'oma. Nthawi zambiri, pamene alimi kusonkhanitsa uchi, iwo m'malo ndi shuga m'malo, amene alibe kufufuza zinthu zofunika njuchi.
Mofanana ndi ziweto, njuchi zimawetedwanso kuti zitheke. Ma jini obwera chifukwa cha kusankha koteroko kumapangitsa kuti maderawo atengeke mosavuta ndi matenda, motero, kutha kwakukulu. Matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuswana kwambiri amatha kufalikira kwa tizilombo tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tambirimbiri tomwe timakhala ngati njuchi.
Kuphatikiza apo, minda imadulidwa nthawi zonse ikatha kukolola kuti achepetse ndalama. Queen njuchi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachoka mumng'oma kukayambitsa magulu atsopano, zimadulidwa mapiko awo.
Njuchi zimakumananso ndi zovuta zina, monga kuwonongeka kwa njuchi, kutha modabwitsa kwa njuchi, kusokonezeka kwamayendedwe, ndi zina zambiri.
Ngati ndinu wamasamba, uchi ukhoza kusinthidwa. Kuphatikiza pa zotsekemera zamadzimadzi monga madzi a mapulo, uchi wa dandelion, ndi madzi a deti, palinso uchi wa vegan.