Bleak nsomba: chithunzi ndi kufotokoza, kumene mungapeze, momwe kugwira

Bleak - nsomba yaying'ono ndi ya banja la carp ndipo imatsogolera moyo wa pelagic m'madzi osiyanasiyana, madamu osiyanasiyana. Nsomba zamtundu uwu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wake wa dzina lomwelo, lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu ina yapafupi. Bleak, kuwonjezera pa dzina lake lalikulu, ili ndi ena angapo, monga nsomba, sebel, silyavka, buckle, shakleya, top melter.

Dzina lolakwika la nsomba

Anthu ambiri amasokoneza zakuda ndi mayina a mitundu ina ya nsomba, makamaka chifukwa cha umbuli. Vutoli nthawi zambiri limatchedwa:

• Chebak, dzinalo limatanthawuza ku Siberia roach.
• Sprats, koma kwenikweni ndi Black Sea kapena Baltic sprat.
• Maso oyera, koma kwenikweni otchedwa sapu nsomba.
• kuvulala. Dzina limeneli limaperekedwa kwa nsomba zowawa.
• Bystryanka, amene amakhala m’mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi aukhondo, okhala ndi okosijeni.
• Verkhovka, yomwe kwenikweni imatchedwa oatmeal.

N'zotheka kusiyanitsa mdima, nsonga ndi kusala kudya mofanana wina ndi mzake ngati mukudziwa chiwerengero cha mamba mu lateral mzere m'dera: 52-55, 12-14 ndi 44-50. Pali zizindikiro zina zingapo zokhudzana ndi kukula, khalidwe ndi zina zomwe nsombazi zimatha kusiyanitsa.

Zoyipa: kufotokoza

Bleak ndi nsomba yaying'ono yomwe imakhala ndi moyo wautali, zaka 5-6 zokha, poyerekeza ndi anthu ena a m'banja la carp, monga crucian carp, yomwe imatha kukhala zaka 12, roach ndi moyo mpaka zaka 20. , carp, yemwe amakhala zaka pafupifupi 35. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mdima ndi pafupifupi masentimita 15, ndi kulemera kosaposa 60 magalamu. Ngakhale kuti ndi osowa, okulirapo, anthu opambana amapezeka, olemera mpaka 100 magalamu komanso mpaka 20 cm. Zotsatirazi zimawonedwa ngati zakuda kwambiri:

• Thupi si lalitali, koma lalitali, ndi pafupifupi molunjika kumbuyo ndi pang'ono otukukira mimba mimba.
• Mchirawo umathera mu chipsepse chachikulu chakuda chokhala ndi kudula kwambiri.
• M'mbali mwa mdima watsindikidwa mwamphamvu.
• Mamba a nsombayi ali ndi mtundu wachitsulo wokhala ndi galasi lomaliza.
• Kumbuyo kuli imvi-buluu ndi utoto wa azitona.
• Mimba ndi yopepuka.
• Zipsepsezo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa ashy kapena wotumbululuka wachikasu.

Chodziwika bwino chakuda ndi chakuti mamba ake amachotsedwa mosavuta akakhudzana ndi malo olimba. Choncho, sikovuta kuyeretsa nsomba iyi, ndikwanira kugaya ndi mchere mu chidebe chachikulu.

Nsomba za Pelagic zili ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri wa nsonga zakuda ndi zopepuka kuti zidziteteze ku zolusa zapansi ndi mbalame zowala kwambiri.

moyo

Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn, mdima (sebel) umakhala wozama mpaka masentimita 70 kuchokera pamwamba pa madzi. Imatsogolera nkhosa zamoyo, motero imayendayenda mosungiramo zoweta zazikulu kufunafuna chakudya. M'malo omwe nsomba zolusa zimapezeka m'malo osungiramo madzi, zakuda zimapanga timagulu ting'onoting'ono tomwe sitiwoneka bwino kwa adani ndipo timatha kuwongolera. Ngakhale kuti nsomba si yaikulu, imakhala ndi masewera abwino othamanga, omwe amawathandiza kuti apulumuke m'mikhalidwe yovuta.

Danda lakuda limasankha malo oyera komanso akuya kuti athawe mwachangu ku chilombo. Choncho, mdimawu sumakonda madera omwe ali ndi zomera zam'madzi, zomwe zimalepheretsa nsombayi kuyenda mofulumira.

Kuti adzipezere okha chakudya, mdimawo umakwera pafupi ndi pamwamba pa nkhokweyo, kumene umagwira tizilombo pa ntchentche kapena kuyesa kuwagwetsera pansi ndi kupopera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, amalumpha m’mwamba kuchokera m’madzi. Amachita chimodzimodzi pamasiku a mitambo, pamene magulu a midges ndi tizilombo tina timawulukira pafupi ndi pamwamba pa madzi chifukwa cha mapiko olemera a chinyontho. Pazifukwa zina, tizilombo tikakhala m'madzi, nthawi yomweyo timakhala chakudya, ponse paŵiri chakuda ndi nsomba zina. Kubwera kwa nyengo yozizira kwenikweni, mdima (sebel) umayenda mozama kwambiri. M'nyengo yozizira, mdimawo umakhala woyimitsidwa ndipo umadikirira kuzizira m'maenje achisanu pafupi ndi oimira ena a cyprinids. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, ndi mpaka kuzizira.

Habitat

Nsomba yaing'ono imeneyi imakhala pafupifupi m'madzi onse, omwe amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusakhalapo kwa zitsamba zolimba za zomera, komanso kukhalapo kwa madzi ofooka. Nthawi yomweyo, imatha kukhala m'madzi okhala ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Amamva bwino m'madamu okhala ndi madzi ofunda ndi ozizira.

Mitsinje yotsika pansi imakumana ndi mikhalidwe yonse yomwe sebel imamva bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mabanki odekha ndi njira yokhotakhota ayenera kukhalapo m'malo osungiramo madzi. Si bwino kuti pakhale mdima pamene madzi alibe mpweya, ndipo mu dziwe muli ndere zambiri zoyandama. Pachifukwa ichi, mdima sudzapezeka m'mayiwe kapena nyanja zomwe zili ndi madzi osasunthika.

Zakudya zakuda

Chodetsa nkhawa makamaka chimadya zooplankton, zomwe zimayenda m'mphepete mwa madzi ndipo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kupezeka kwa zosakaniza zazikulu za chakudya. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mdimawo ukhoza kugwira tizilombo tina tomwe timayenda pafupi ndi madzi, pamwamba pa madzi, kapena timapezeka m'madzi pambuyo pogwa kuchokera ku zomera. Mwachitsanzo, awa akhoza kukhala:

• Udzudzu, ntchentche, midges.
• Dolgonozhki, mokritsy, wave.
• Agulugufe, papillon, mikango.
• Odya tsinde, phorids, tahini.

Ntchentche zikamauluka kwambiri, mdimawo umangodya tizilombo tomwe timadya. Nsomba yaing'ono imeneyi imathanso kudya zakudya zamasamba zomwe zimabweretsedwa ndi panopa, komanso algae, ngakhale pang'ono. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chodetsacho sichimakana nyambo yoperekedwa kwa icho, monga mtanda, nyongolotsi ya ndowe, mphutsi zamagazi kapena mphutsi.

Zowopsa bwanji

Ikafika kutalika kwa 5-7 cm, zomwe zingatheke m'chaka cha 2 kapena 3 cha moyo, nsombayi imakhala yokhwima pogonana. Kutentha kwa madzi kukakwera kufika pa + 15-17 madigiri, mdimawo umayamba kumera mozama, m'magulu angapo (pafupifupi 4). Gulu lililonse limatha kukhala ndi mazira 3 mpaka 5 zikwi. M'mikhalidwe yofunda yokhazikika, kubala kumatha m'masiku ochepa. Pamene kasupe ndi kozizira komanso kwa nthawi yaitali, kubereka kumatha kutenga mwezi umodzi kapena kuposerapo.

Bleak ndi yochuluka kwambiri, chifukwa pali mazira okwana 350 pa gramu imodzi ya kulemera kwake. Mazirawa ndi omata, choncho amasungidwa bwino pa zomera, pa nsonga ndi pa maziko ena aliwonse olimba. Mazira, kutengera nyengo, amakula mpaka masiku 7. Nsomba zikabadwa, zimakankha n’kulowa m’gulu la ziweto n’kuyamba kudya ma plankton. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mdimawo ukhoza kukula mpaka 5 cm, ndi kulemera pafupifupi magalamu 8.

Mitundu yakuda

Azov-Black Sea shemaya amaonedwa kuti ndi wachibale wapamtima wakuda. Shemaya amakula mpaka 35 cm ndipo amalemera mpaka 800 magalamu. Monga lamulo, pali anthu omwe amalemera pang'ono kuposa 200 magalamu mu nsombazo. Shemaya adatchedwa dzina lake chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kopambana. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Perisiya, shemaya ndi nsomba yachifumu. Malo okhala nsomba zachifumu amaphimba mitsinje yomwe ili mbali ya mabeseni a Nyanja Yakuda, Azov ndi Caspian, komanso madera am'madzi amchere am'nyanja zomwezi. Zakudya za shemai zimaphatikizapo tizilombo, zooplankton, crustaceans, nyongolotsi, mphutsi ndi nsomba zazing'ono, ngakhale pang'ono. Maonekedwe a shemai sasiyana kwenikweni ndi owopsa, kupatula kukula, thupi lalikulu ndi mtundu wa lalanje wa zipsepse za pectoral.

Njira zopewera matenda

Popeza mdima wonyezimira (sebel) simasiyana mu miyeso yayikulu, ndiye kuti mugwire muyenera chowongolera choyandama chopepuka ndi chingwe chausodzi chokhala ndi mainchesi 0,14-0,16 mm ndi chingwe chokhala ndi makulidwe a 0,1 mpaka 0,12 mm. Chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha nsomba, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mtsogoleri wochepa thupi, ngakhale kuti n'zotheka kuchita popanda mtsogoleri nkomwe. Mwachilengedwe, mudzafunika choyandama chopepuka komanso chomvera, ngati nthenga ya tsekwe, yolemera zosaposa 3 magalamu. Zingwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito zazing'ono, zosaposa No. 16-20 pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Monga nyambo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito nyongolotsi yamagazi, mphutsi kapena ndowe, osati muzidutswa zazikulu. Nthawi zambiri kuya kumayikidwa pafupifupi 10 cm (osachepera), popeza sebel imakonda kudyetsa pafupifupi pamwamba pamadzi. Bleak imatha kugwidwa ndi ntchentche kapena ndodo zopota pogwiritsa ntchito ntchentche kapena mayfly ngati nyambo.

Kugwidwa mdima kumatha kuyikidwa kunyumba mu aquarium. Kuphatikiza apo, mdima ukhoza kukhala nyambo yabwino kwambiri yogwirira nsomba zazikuluzikulu, chifukwa ndizofunikira pakudya kwa nsomba iliyonse yolusa.

Deta ya gastronomic ya nsomba yaying'ono iyi imayenera kusamala kwambiri. Ngati mupanga chakudya cham'chitini kuchokera ku phwetekere kapena mafuta, ndiye kuti izi ndizokoma kwenikweni. Komanso, wakuda akhoza kusuta, zouma, yokazinga, stewed, etc. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngakhale ang'onoang'ono, mukhoza kuphika mbale iliyonse.

Kugwira mdima ndi ndodo yoyandama kumakhala kochititsa chidwi pamene kuluma kumatsatirana. Ngati mugwira nsomba iyi mwadala, ndiye kuti simudzasiyidwa popanda kugwira. Mu ola limodzi mukhoza kugwira mazana a nsomba, zomwe mungapeze chisangalalo chachikulu.