Un khansa kumatanthauza kukhalapo kwa maselo osadziwika bwino omwe akuchulukana mosalamulirika. Kutengera pa khansa ya m'mawere, maselo amatha kukhalabe m’bere kapena kufalikira m’thupi lonse kudzera m’magazi kapena mitsempha ya m’magazi. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa khansa ya m'mawere kumatenga miyezi ingapo komanso zaka zingapo.

Le khansa ya m'mawere ndi khansa yopezeka kwambiri mwa akazi padziko lonse lapansi, ponse paŵiri pasanathe komanso pambuyo pa kusintha kwa msambo¹. A mkazi mwa amayi 9 adzakhala ndi khansa ya m’mawere pa moyo wawo wonse ndipo mayi mmodzi mwa amayi 1 aliwonse adzamwalira nayo.

Nthawi zambiri, khansa ya m'mawere imapezeka pambuyo pa zaka 50. ndi kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka Zaka 5 pambuyo matenda ranges kuchokera 80% mpaka 90%, kutengera zaka ndi mtundu wa khansa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe akhudzidwawo chakwera pang'ono koma pang'onopang'ono pazaka makumi atatu zapitazi. Kumbali ina, a chiwerengero cha imfa yatsika mosalekeza munthawi yomweyi, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo komwe kwachitika kuwunika, matenda ndi chithandizo.

Tiyeni tinene kuti anthu zingakhudzidwenso; amaimira 1% ya milandu yonse.

Mabere

Le m'mawere imakhala ndi mafuta, zotupa ndi ma ducts (onani chithunzi chotsutsana). Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapanga ma lobules Mkaka ndi ma ducts (ma ducts oyamwitsa kapena ma ducts a mkaka) amatumiza mkaka kupita nawo nipple. Minofu ya m'mawere imakhudzidwa ndi mahomoni opangidwa ndi amayi mosiyanasiyana m'miyoyo yawo yonse (kutha msinkhu, mimba, kuyamwitsa, etc.). Mahomoniwa ndi estrogen ndi progesterone.

Mitundu ya khansa ya m'mawere

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya m'mawere imakula m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

Khansa yosawononga

• Ductal carcinoma mu situ. Ndiwo mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa ya m'mawere yosasokoneza mwa amayi. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, zimapanga mkati njira zoyamwitsa za m'mawere. Khansara yamtunduwu yapezeka pafupipafupi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kupenyerera. Kuchiza kwa khansa imeneyi kumabweretsa kuchira pafupifupi nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri sichifalikira. Muzochitika zapadera, popanda chithandizo, amapitiriza zake kukula ndipo zimatha kukhala "zolowera" motero zimafalikira kunja kwa njira zoyamwitsa.

Makhansa olowa kapena olowa

Mitundu iyi ya khansa imalowa m'thupi matenda kuzungulira njira yoyamwitsa, koma khalani mkati mwa bere. Komano, ngati chotupacho sichinachiritsidwe, chikhoza kufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi (mwachitsanzo, mafupa, mapapo kapena chiwindi) zomwe zimayambitsa metastases.

• Ductal carcinoma. Zimakhala m'mabwalo a lactation. Maselo a khansa amadutsa khoma la ma ducts;
• Lobular carcinoma. Maselo a khansa amawonekera mu ma lobules ophatikizidwa pamodzi mu lobes. Kenako, amawoloka khoma la ma lobules ndikumafalitsa m'magulu ozungulira;
• Kutupa carcinoma. Khansara yosowa yomwe imadziwika kwambiri ndi bere lomwe limatha kukhala wofiira, kutupa et otentha. Khungu la bere limathanso kutenga mawonekedwe a peel lalanje. Khansara yamtunduwu imakula mofulumira ndipo imakhala yovuta kwambiri kuchiza;
• Ma carcinoma ena (medullary, colloid kapena mucinous, tubular, papillary). Mitundu ya khansa ya m'mawere ndi yosowa. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iyi ya khansa kumatengera mtundu wa maselo omwe akhudzidwa;
• Matenda a Paget. Khansara yosowa yomwe imawonekera ngati yaying'ono bala ku nsonga ya mabere osachiritsa.

Zimayambitsa

Pali zifukwa zingapo zodziwika zowopsa khansa ya m'mawere. Komabe, nthawi zambiri sizingatheke kufotokoza zifukwa zomwe zimachitika mwa munthu wina.

ubwino kusintha kwa majini, wopatsirana kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kapena kupezedwa kwa moyo wonse (kukhudzidwa ndi cheza kapena mankhwala ena oopsa, mwachitsanzo, kungasinthe majini), kungayambitse khansa ya m'mawere. Ma jini a BRCA1 ndi BRCA2, mwachitsanzo, ndi ma jini omwe angatengeke khansa ya m'mawere ndi ovarian. Azimayi omwe amanyamula masinthidwe mu majini amenewa ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa.

Evolution

Mwayi wa machiritso zimadalira mtundu wa khansara ndi siteji ya chitukuko pamene muyamba mankhwala. Zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimakhudza liwiro kumene chotupa chidzamera. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe khansara imayambira, onani tsamba lathu la Cancer.