Pafupifupi nyama 150 miliyoni pachaka m'mayesero osiyanasiyana. Kuyesedwa kwa mankhwala, zodzoladzola, mankhwala apakhomo, kafukufuku wa asilikali ndi malo, maphunziro a zachipatala - iyi ndi mndandanda wosakwanira wa zifukwa za imfa yawo. Mpikisanowo "Sayansi Yopanda Nkhanza" inatha ku Moscow: ana asukulu muzolemba zawo, ndakatulo ndi zojambula zinatsutsana ndi kuyesa nyama.
Nthaŵi zonse pakhala pali otsutsa zoyesayesa za nyama, koma anthu anatengeradi vutolo m’zaka zana zapitazi. Malinga ndi EU, nyama zopitilira 150 miliyoni pachaka zimafa pakuyesa: 65% pakuyezetsa mankhwala, 26% pakufufuza koyambira kwasayansi (mankhwala, kafukufuku wankhondo ndi malo), 8% poyesa zodzoladzola ndi mankhwala apanyumba, 1% panthawi ya ndondomeko ya maphunziro. Izi ndizomwe zili zovomerezeka, ndipo zochitika zenizeni zimakhala zovuta kulingalira - 79% ya mayiko omwe kuyesera kwa nyama kumachitidwa sasunga zolemba zilizonse. Vivisection yatenga gawo lalikulu komanso lopanda nzeru. Zomwe zili zoyenera kuyesa zodzoladzola. Ndipotu, sikuti ndi chifukwa cha kupulumutsa moyo wina kuti moyo wina uperekedwe, koma chifukwa cha kufunafuna kukongola ndi unyamata. Kuyesera kwa akalulu ndi kwankhanza, pamene njira zogwiritsira ntchito shampo, mascara, mankhwala apakhomo alowetsedwa m'maso mwawo, ndipo amawona maola kapena masiku angati omwe chemistry idzawononge ana.
Kuyesera kopanda nzeru komweku kumachitika m'masukulu azachipatala. N'chifukwa chiyani kudonthezera asidi pa chule, ngati mwana wasukulu akhoza kulosera zomwe zidzachitike ngakhale popanda chidziwitso - chule amakoka dzanja lake.
“Pa maphunziro, pamakhala kuzolowera magazi, pamene munthu wosalakwa ayenera kuperekedwa nsembe. Zimakhudza ntchito ya munthu. Nkhanza zimadula anthu a umunthu weniweni amene amafuna kuthandiza anthu ndi nyama. Amangochokapo, akukumana ndi nkhanza zomwe zili kale m'chaka chawo chatsopano. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, sayansi imataya akatswiri ambiri ndendende chifukwa cha mbali yamakhalidwe abwino. Ndipo amene atsalawo ndi ozolowera kusamvera ndi nkhanza. Munthu akhoza kuchita chilichonse kwa nyama popanda kulamulira. Ndikulankhula za Russia tsopano, chifukwa palibe lamulo lowongolera pano, "akutero Konstantin Sabinin, woyang'anira polojekiti ku VITA Animal Rights Protection Center.
Kufotokozera anthu zambiri zokhudza maphunziro aumunthu ndi njira zina zofufuzira mu sayansi ndi cholinga cha mpikisano wa "Sayansi Yopanda Nkhanza", womwe unachitikira pamodzi ndi Vita Animal Rights Center, International Community for Humane Education InterNICHE, International Association motsutsana. Zowawa Zowawa pa Zinyama IAAPEA, bungwe la Britain pofuna kuthetsa vivisection BUAV ndi German Society "Madokotala Otsutsana ndi Mayesero a Zinyama" DAAE.
Pa April 26, 2010, ku Moscow, ku Biological Department of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation, mwambo wa mphoto unachitika kwa opambana pa mpikisano wa sukulu "Sayansi Yopanda Nkhanza", yokonzedwa ndi Vita Animal Rights Center mogwirizana. ndi mabungwe angapo apadziko lonse omwe amalimbikitsa ufulu wa zinyama ndi kuthetsa vivisection.
Koma lingaliro lomwe la mpikisano linachokera kwa aphunzitsi wamba a sukulu, odabwa ndi maphunziro a makhalidwe abwino a ana. Maphunziro apadera adachitika pomwe ana adawonetsedwa mafilimu "Maphunziro a Anthu" ndi "Experimental Paradigm". Zoonadi, filimu yotsiriza sinasonyezedwe kwa ana onse, koma kusukulu ya sekondale ndi fragmentary - panali zolemba zambiri zamagazi ndi zankhanza. Kenako anawo anakambitsirana za vutolo m’kalasi ndi makolo awo. Chotsatira chake, ntchito zikwi zingapo zinatumizidwa ku mpikisano muzolemba za "Composition", "Poem", "Drawing" ndi "Poster" yosankhidwa, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa pofotokoza mwachidule. Pazonse, ana asukulu ochokera kumayiko 7, mizinda 105 ndi midzi 104 adachita nawo mpikisano.
Ngati inali ntchito yovuta kwa omwe adabwera ku mwambowu kuti awerenge zolemba zonse, ndiye kuti zinali zotheka kulingalira zojambula zokongoletsa makoma a holo ya msonkhano ku Russian Academy of Sciences, kumene mwambo wa mphoto unachitika.
Zopanda nzeru, zamitundu kapena zokokedwa ndi makala osavuta, monga momwe adapambana mpikisano Christina Shtulberg, zojambula za ana zimawonetsa zowawa zonse ndi kusagwirizana ndi nkhanza zopanda pake.
Wopambana pa chisankho cha "Composition", wophunzira wa kalasi ya 7 ya sukulu ya Altai Losenkov wotchedwa Dmitry adanena kuti wakhala akugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali bwanji. Zosonkhanitsa, anali ndi chidwi ndi maganizo a anthu ozungulira iye.
“Sikuti anzanga onse a m’kalasi ankandithandiza. Mwina chifukwa chake ndi kusowa kwa chidziwitso kapena maphunziro. Cholinga changa ndikupereka zambiri, kunena kuti nyama ziyenera kuchitiridwa chifundo,” akutero Dima.
Malinga ndi agogo ake, omwe adabwera naye ku Moscow, ali ndi amphaka asanu ndi limodzi ndi agalu atatu m'banja lawo, ndipo cholinga chachikulu cholerera m'banja ndi chakuti mwamuna ndi mwana wachilengedwe, osati mbuye wake.
Mipikisano yotereyi ndi njira yabwino komanso yolondola, koma choyamba, vutolo liyenera kuthetsedwa. Konstantin Sabinin, woyang'anira polojekiti ya VITA Animal Rights Protection Center, anayamba kukambirana za njira zomwe zilipo kale zotsutsana ndi vivisection.
- Kuphatikiza pa othandizira ndi oteteza vivisection, pali anthu ambiri omwe sakudziwa za njira zina. Njira zina zotani? Mwachitsanzo, mu maphunziro.
"Pali njira zina zambiri zosiyiratu vivisection. Zitsanzo, zitsanzo zitatu-dimensional zomwe pali zizindikiro zomwe zimatsimikizira kulondola kwa zochita za dokotala. Mutha kuphunzira kuchokera ku zonsezi popanda kuvulaza chiweto komanso popanda kusokoneza mtendere wanu wamalingaliro. Mwachitsanzo, pali zodabwitsa "galu Jerry". Amakonzedwa ndi laibulale ya mitundu yonse ya kupuma kwa galu. Angathe "kuchiritsa" fracture yotsekedwa ndi yotseguka, kuchita opaleshoni. Zizindikiro zidzawonetsa ngati chinachake chalakwika.
Pambuyo pogwira ntchito yofananira, wophunzirayo amagwira ntchito ndi mitembo ya nyama zomwe zinafa mwachilengedwe. Ndiye kuchita zachipatala, kumene muyenera choyamba kuona mmene madokotala ntchito, ndiye kuthandiza.
- Kodi pali opanga zida zina zophunzirira ku Russia?
- Pali chidwi, koma palibe kupanga panobe.
- Ndipo ndi njira ziti zomwe zilipo m'malo mwa sayansi? Ndipotu, mkangano waukulu ndi wakuti mankhwala amatha kuyesedwa pa chamoyo chamoyo.
- Mkanganowu umakhudza chikhalidwe cha phanga, umatengedwa ndi anthu omwe samamvetsetsa pang'ono za sayansi. Ndikofunikira kwa iwo kukhala pa guwa ndi kukoka lamba wakale. Njira ina ndi mu cell chikhalidwe. Akatswiri ochulukirachulukira padziko lapansi amafika potsimikiza kuti kuyesa kwa nyama sikumapereka chithunzi chokwanira. Zomwe zapezedwa sizisamutsidwa kupita ku thupi la munthu.
Zotsatira zowopsya kwambiri zinali pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito thalidomide - sedative kwa amayi apakati. Nyama zinalekerera mwangwiro maphunziro onse, koma pamene mankhwalawa anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu, ana 10 anabadwa ndi ziwalo zolakwika kapena opanda manja. Chipilala cha anthu omwe anazunzidwa ndi Thalidomide chinamangidwa ku London.
Pali mndandanda waukulu wa mankhwala omwe sanasamutsidwe kwa anthu. Palinso zotsatira zosiyana - amphaka, mwachitsanzo, samawona morphine ngati mankhwala oletsa ululu. Ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito maselo pofufuza kumapereka zotsatira zolondola kwambiri. Njira zina ndizothandiza, zodalirika komanso zachuma. Kupatula apo, kafukufuku wamankhwala pa nyama ndi pafupifupi zaka 20 ndi mamiliyoni a madola. Ndipo chotulukapo chake nchiyani? Kuopsa kwa anthu, imfa ya nyama ndi kuwononga ndalama.
- Kodi njira zina zodzoladzola ndi ziti?
- Njira zina ndi ziti, ngati kuyambira 2009 Europe yaletsa kuyesa zodzoladzola pa nyama. Komanso, kuyambira 2013, kuletsa kuitanitsa zodzoladzola zoyesedwa kudzayamba kugwira ntchito. Zodzoladzola ndiye chinthu choyipa kwambiri. Pofuna kusangalala, nyama zambirimbiri zimaphedwa. Sikofunikira. Ndipo tsopano pali kufanana kwa zodzoladzola zachilengedwe, ndipo sikoyenera kuyesa.
Zaka 15 zapitazo, sindinaganizire n’komwe za zonsezi. Ndinkadziwa, koma sindinalione ngati vuto, mpaka mnzanga wina wazanyama adandiwonetsa zomwe kirimu cha mkazi wanga chimapangidwa - chinali ndi ziwalo zakufa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Paul McCartney anasiya mwachidwi katundu wa Gillette. Ndinayamba kuphunzira, ndipo ndinachita chidwi ndi mavoliyumu omwe alipo, ziwerengero izi: Nyama 150 miliyoni pachaka zimafa poyesera.
- Kodi mungadziwe bwanji kuti ndi kampani iti yomwe imayesa nyama komanso yomwe siyi?
Palinso mndandanda wamakampani. Zambiri zimagulitsidwa ku Russia, ndipo mutha kusintha kwathunthu kuzinthu zamakampani omwe sagwiritsa ntchito nyama pakuyesa. Ndipo ichi chidzakhala sitepe yoyamba kwa anthu.