Bulimia: ndi chiyani?

Bulimia ndi gawo la vuto la kudya kapena vuto la kudya (ADD) monga anorexia nervosa ndihyperphagia.

Bulimia imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa kudya kwambiri ou kudya kwambiri pamene munthuyo amameza chakudya chochuluka popanda kuleka. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa mayamwidwe omwe amatha kuyambira 2000 mpaka 3000 kcal pavuto lililonse.¹. Anthu a Bulimia ali ndi malingaliro a kutaya mphamvu konse pa nthawi yamavuto ndi kumverera zamanyazi et wolakwa pambuyo pa izi. Pambuyo pa kukomoka, anthu amachita zinthu zosayenera zobwezera kuti athetseretu zopatsa mphamvu zomwe amadya komanso kudya.pewani kunenepa. Anthu omwe ali ndi bulimia nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kusanza, kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso mankhwala (mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta, purgatives, enemas, okodzetsa), kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kapena kusala kudya.

Mosiyana ndi anthu amene ali ndi vuto la anorexia amene ali onenepa kwambiri, munthu wa bulimia ali ndi vuto limeneli kawirikawiri kulemera kwabwino.

Mwachidule, bulimia ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kuchitika kwa zovuta zomwe munthu amakhala ndi malingaliro otaya mphamvu zake zonse zomwe zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kuyamwa mwachangu. kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Zimatsatira kukhazikitsidwa kwa makhalidwe osayenera obwezera kuti apewe kulemera.

Kudya matenda osokoneza bongo

Thehyperphagia matenda a bulimika ndi vuto lina la kadyedwe. Ali pafupi kwambiri ndi bulimia. Timawona kukhalapo kwa zovuta zamadyedwe koma palibe njira yobwezera kuti tipewe kulemera. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya mopambanitsa nthawi zambiri amakhala onenepa kwambiri.

Anorexia ndi kudya kwambiri

Anthu ena amakhala ndi zizindikiro za anorexia nervosa ndi bulimia. Pankhaniyi, sitilankhula za bulimia koma zaAnorexia ndi kudya kwambiri.

Kukula

Bulimia monga khalidwe ladziwika kuyambira kale. Zolemba zimatipatsa chidziŵitso chonena za mapwando achigiriki ndi Aroma, “misonkhano” imene alendowo anali kuchita mopambanitsa mosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo chakudya chochuluka chimene chinafika podzidwalitsa ndi kudzipangitsa kusanza.

Bulimia ngati vuto lafotokozedwa kuyambira 1970s. Kutengera ndi maphunziro ndi njira zowunikira (zokulirapo kapena zoletsa) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, pali kufalikira kuyambira 1% mpaka 5,4% ya Atsikana okhudzidwa m'madera akumadzulo⁶. Kuchulukana kumeneku kumapangitsa kukhala matenda ofala kwambiri kuposa anorexia nervosa, makamaka popeza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe akukhudzidwa kukukulirakulira.⁷. Pomaliza, zingakhudze mwamuna mmodzi kwa amayi 1 okhudzidwa.

matenda

Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro za bulimia nthawi zambiri zimawonekera kumapeto kwa unyamata, matendawa samapangidwa, pafupifupi, mpaka zaka 6 pambuyo pake. Ndithudi, vuto la kadyedwe limeneli logwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi manyazi silichititsa kuti munthu wa bulimia adzifunse. Poyamba matendawa amadziwikiratu, njira yochiritsira yochiritsira isanayambe ndipo mwayi wochira ukuwonjezeka.

Zifukwa za bulimia?

Bulimia ndi vuto la kudya lomwe ladziwika kuyambira zaka za m'ma 70. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, maphunziro ambiri achitika pa bulimia, koma zifukwa zenizeni zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa sizikudziwikabe. Komabe, zongopeka, zikadali zophunziridwa, zimayesa kufotokoza za kupezeka kwa bulimia.

Ofufuza amavomereza kuti pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa bulimia, kuphatikizapo zinthu zobadwa nazo, matenda a neuroendocrinies, maganizo, banja et chikhalidwe.

ngakhalepalibe jini yomwe yadziwika bwino, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti banja limakhala ndi mavuto. Ngati wachibale adwala bulimia, pali mwayi waukulu wakuti munthu wina m’banjamo angakhale ndi vutoli kusiyana ndi wa m’banja “lathanzi”. Kafukufuku wina wochitidwa pa mapasa ofanana (monozygotes) akusonyeza kuti ngati mmodzi mwa mapasa awiriwo akhudzidwa ndi bulimia, pali mwayi wa 23% woti mapasa ake nawonso angakhudzidwe. Izi zimakwera kufika pa 9% ngati ali mapasa osiyana (dizygotes)2. Chifukwa chake zikuwoneka kuti ma genetic amathandizira pakuyamba kwa bulimia.

ubwino endocrine zinthu monga kusowa kwa mahomoni zikuwoneka kuti zikusewera mu matendawa. Kutsika kwa hormone (LH-RH) yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito ya ovary ikuwonekera. Komabe, kuchepa kumeneku kumawonedwa pamene pali kuchepa kwa thupi ndipo zowonera zimabwereranso ku mlingo wabwino wa LH-RH ndi kubwezeretsanso kulemera. Chifukwa chake vutoli lingawonekere kukhala chotsatira cha bulimia osati chifukwa.

Au mulingo wamitsempha, kafukufuku wambiri amagwirizanitsa kusagwira ntchito kwa serotonergic ndi vuto lakumva kukhuta komwe nthawi zambiri kumawonedwa mu bulimics. Serotonin ndi chinthu chomwe chimatsimikizira kuti uthenga wamanjenje umadutsa pakati pa ma neurons (pamlingo wa ma synapses). Imakhudzidwa makamaka polimbikitsa malo okhutitsidwa (dera laubongo lomwe limayang'anira chilakolako). Pazifukwa zambiri zomwe sizikudziwikabe, pali kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa serotonin mwa anthu omwe ali ndi bulimia komanso chizolowezi chowonjezera neurotransmitter iyi ikachira.3.

pa mulingo wamaganizidwe, kafukufuku wambiri wagwirizanitsa kuyambika kwa bulimia ndi kukhalapo kwa kudziyang'anira pansi zozikidwa makamaka pa maonekedwe a thupi. Zongopeka ndi zowunikira zimapeza zokhazikika mu umunthu ndi malingaliro omwe atsikana omwe ali ndi bulimia amakumana nawo. Bulimia kaŵirikaŵiri imakhudza achichepere amene amavutika kufotokoza mmene akumvera ndipo kaŵirikaŵiri amavutika kumvetsetsa awo. kumverera kwa thupi (kumva njala ndi kukhuta). Zolemba za Psychoanalytic nthawi zambiri zimadzutsa a kukana thupi ngati chinthu chogonana. Atsikana achichepere awa mosadziwa angafune kukhalabe atsikana. Matenda obwera chifukwa cha vuto la kudya amawononga thupi lomwe "lobwerera m'mbuyo" (kusowa kwa msambo, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe ndi kuwonda, etc.). Pomaliza, kafukufuku wochitidwa pa umunthu wa anthu omwe akhudzidwa ndi bulimia, amapeza mikhalidwe ina yodziwika bwino monga: conformism,  kusowa zochita,  kusowa kwadzidzidzi, ndi kuletsa khalidwe ndi maganizoNdi zina…

Au msinkhu wazidziwitso, maphunziro amatsindika maganizo oipa ongobwera kumene kutsogolera ku zikhulupiriro zabodza zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mu bulimics monga "kuwonda ndi chitsimikizo cha chisangalalo" kapena "mapindu onse amafuta ndi oipa".

Pomaliza, bulimia ndi matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mayiko otukuka. The chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe zinthu Chifukwa chake, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa bulimia. Zithunzi za “mkazi wangwiro” amene amagwira ntchito, kulera ana ake ndi kulamulira kulemera kwake zimafalitsidwa kwambiri ndi oulutsira nkhani. Zoyimira izi zitha kutengedwa patali ndi achikulire omwe amadzimva bwino, koma zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zowononga kwa achinyamata omwe alibe mfundo zofotokozera.

Matenda ogwirizana

Timapeza makamaka matenda a psychopathological kugwirizana ndi bulimia. Komabe, n’zovuta kudziwa ngati kuyambika kwa bulimia n’kumene kungayambitse matendaŵa kapena ngati kupezeka kwa matendawa kungachititse munthuyo kukhala ndi bulimia.

Mavuto akuluakulu okhudzana ndi psyche ndi awa:

• kupsinjika maganizo, 50% ya anthu omwe ali ndi bulimia amatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu lachisokonezo m'moyo wawo;
• Matenda a nkhawa, omwe amakhulupirira kuti amapezeka mu 34% ya bulimics4 ;
• ndi machitidwe owopsa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo) zomwe zingakhudze 41% ya anthu omwe ali ndi bulimia4 ;
• a kudziyang'anira pansi kupangitsa anthu a bulimia kukhala okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kudzudzulidwa komanso makamaka kudzidalira komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a thupi;
• un vuto la umunthu, zomwe zingakhudze 30 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi bulimia5.

Nthawi yosala kudya kwambiri komanso machitidwe olipira (kuyeretsa, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala otsegulitsa m'mimba, ndi zina zambiri) kumabweretsa zovuta zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto a impso, mtima, m'mimba komanso mano.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo komanso pachiwopsezo

Bulimia imayamba kuzungulira unyamata mochedwa. Zingakhudze nthawi zambiri atsikana kuposa anyamata (mnyamata mmodzi anafikira atsikana 1). Bulimia, monga matenda ena okhudzana ndi kadyedwe, imakhudza anthu ambiri mayiko otukuka. Pomaliza, ntchito zina (wothamanga, wosewera, wachitsanzo, wovina) zomwe ndikofunikira kukhala nazo kulemetsa ndi zake chithunzi cha thupi, ali ndi anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kudya kusiyana ndi malonda ena.

Bulimia imayamba nthawi 5 mwa 10 panthawi ya a kuwonda zakudya. Kwa anthu 3 mwa 10 alionse, bulimia inkayamba ndi anorexia nervosa. Pomaliza, nthawi za 2 mwa 10, ndikukhumudwa komwe kunayambitsa kuyambika kwa bulimia.

Prevention