Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 542 | Tsamba 1684 | 32.2% | 5.9% | 311 ga |
Mapuloteni | 46 ga | 76 ga | 60.5% | 11.2% | 165 ga |
mafuta | 37.3 ga | 56 ga | 66.6% | 12.3% | 150 ga |
Zakudya | 4.5 ga | 219 ga | 2.1% | 0.4% | 4867 ga |
Water | 7.3 ga | 2273 ga | 0.3% | 0.1% | 31137 ga |
ash | 4.9 ga | ~ | |||
mavitamini | |||||
Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 950 | Makilogalamu 900 | 105.6% | 19.5% | 95 ga |
Retinol | 0.9 mg | ~ | |||
beta carotenes | 0.3 mg | 5 mg | 6% | 1.1% | 1667 ga |
Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.25 mg | 1.5 mg | 16.7% | 3.1% | 600 ga |
Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 1.64 mg | 1.8 mg | 91.1% | 16.8% | 110 ga |
Vitamini B4, choline | 900 mg | 500 mg | 180% | 33.2% | 56 ga |
Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 4 mg | 5 mg | 80% | 14.8% | 125 ga |
Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.17 mg | 2 mg | 8.5% | 1.6% | 1176 ga |
Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 8 | Makilogalamu 400 | 2% | 0.4% | 5000 ga |
Vitamini D, calciferol | Makilogalamu 5 | Makilogalamu 10 | 50% | 9.2% | 200 ga |
Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 2.1 mg | 15 mg | 14% | 2.6% | 714 ga |
Vitamini PP, NO | 13.2 mg | 20 mg | 66% | 12.2% | 152 ga |
niacin | 1.2 mg | ~ | |||
Ma Macronutrients | |||||
Potaziyamu, K | 448 mg | 2500 mg | 17.9% | 3.3% | 558 ga |
Calcium, CA | 193 mg | 1000 mg | 19.3% | 3.6% | 518 ga |
Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 42 mg | 400 mg | 10.5% | 1.9% | 952 ga |
Sodium, Na | 436 mg | 1300 mg | 33.5% | 6.2% | 298 ga |
Sulufule, S | 625 mg | 1000 mg | 62.5% | 11.5% | 160 ga |
Phosphorus, P. | 795 mg | 800 mg | 99.4% | 18.3% | 101 ga |
Mankhwala, Cl | 581 mg | 2300 mg | 25.3% | 4.7% | 396 ga |
Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
Iron, Faith | 8.9 mg | 18 mg | 49.4% | 9.1% | 202 ga |
Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 64 | Makilogalamu 150 | 42.7% | 7.9% | 234 ga |
Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 32 | Makilogalamu 10 | 320% | 59% | 31 ga |
Manganese, Mn | 0.1 mg | 2 mg | 5% | 0.9% | 2000 ga |
Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 320 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 32% | 5.9% | 313 ga |
Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 22 | Makilogalamu 70 | 31.4% | 5.8% | 318 ga |
Kutsogolera, Sn | Makilogalamu 75 | ~ | |||
Zamadzimadzi, F | Makilogalamu 200 | Makilogalamu 4000 | 5% | 0.9% | 2000 ga |
Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 14 | Makilogalamu 50 | 28% | 5.2% | 357 ga |
Nthaka, Zn | 3.5 mg | 12 mg | 29.2% | 5.4% | 343 ga |
Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
Mono- ndi disaccharides (shuga) | 4.5 ga | maulendo 100 г | |||
Amino Acids Ofunika | |||||
Arginine * | 2.46 ga | ~ | |||
valine | 2.55 ga | ~ | |||
Mbiri * | 0.9 ga | ~ | |||
Isoleucine | 1.77 ga | ~ | |||
nyalugwe | 3.77 ga | ~ | |||
lysine | 2.38 ga | ~ | |||
methionine | 1.21 ga | ~ | |||
Methionine + cysteine | 2.2 ga | ~ | |||
threonine | 2.64 ga | ~ | |||
tryptophan | 0.72 ga | ~ | |||
chithuvj | 2.2 ga | ~ | |||
Phenylalanine + Tyrosine | 4.45 ga | ~ | |||
Amino acid osinthika | |||||
alanine | 2.73 ga | ~ | |||
Aspartic asidi | 4.55 ga | ~ | |||
glycine | 1.56 ga | ~ | |||
Asidi a Glutamic | 6.29 ga | ~ | |||
Mapuloteni | 1.45 ga | ~ | |||
serine | 3.49 ga | ~ | |||
tyrosin | 2.25 ga | ~ | |||
Cysteine | 0.99 ga | ~ | |||
sterols | |||||
Cholesterol | 2050 mg | pa 300 mg | |||
Mafuta okhutira | |||||
Mafuta okhutira | 11.3 ga | maulendo 18.7 г | |||
14: 0 Zachinsinsi | 0.15 ga | ~ | |||
15:0 Pentadecanoic | 0.05 ga | ~ | |||
16: 0 Palmitic | 8.7 ga | ~ | |||
17-0 margarine | 0.13 ga | ~ | |||
18: 0 Stearin | 2.28 ga | ~ | |||
Monounsaturated mafuta zidulo | 15.36 ga | Mphindi 16.8 г | 91.4% | 16.9% | |
16: 1 Palmitoleic | 1.63 ga | ~ | |||
17:1 Heptadecene | 0.07 ga | ~ | |||
18:1 Olein (omega-9) | 13.66 ga | ~ | |||
Mafuta a Polyunsaturated acids | 3.12 ga | kuchokera 11.2 mpaka 20.6 | 27.9% | 5.1% | |
18: 2 Linoleic | 2.6 ga | ~ | |||
18: 3 Wachisoni | 0.25 ga | ~ | |||
20:4 Arachidonic | 0.27 ga | ~ | |||
Omega-3 mafuta acids | 0.25 ga | kuchokera 0.9 mpaka 3.7 | 27.8% | 5.1% | |
Omega-6 mafuta acids | 2.87 ga | kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 16.8 | 61.1% | 11.3% |
Mphamvu ndi 542 kcal.
- vitamini A imayambitsa chitukuko chabwinobwino, ntchito yobereka, khungu ndi maso, komanso kuteteza chitetezo chamthupi.
- vitamini B1 ndi gawo la michere yofunikira kwambiri yama carbohydrate ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe imapatsa thupi mphamvu ndi zinthu zapulasitiki, komanso kagayidwe kazitsulo ka amino acid. Kuperewera kwa vitamini uyu kumabweretsa zovuta zamanjenje, kugaya chakudya komanso mtima.
- vitamini B2 amatenga nawo mbali pazokonzanso za redox, imathandizira chidwi chamitundu ya chowunikira chowonera ndikusinthasintha kwamdima. Mavitamini B2 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya khungu, nembanemba yam'mimba, kuwonongeka kwa kuwala ndi kuwunika kwamadzulo.
- obwerawa Ndi gawo la lecithin, limathandizira pakuphatikizira ndi kagayidwe kake ka phospholipids m'chiwindi, ndimagulu am'magulu amethyl aulere, amakhala ngati lipotropic factor.
- vitamini B5 nawo mapuloteni, mafuta, zimam'patsa kagayidwe, mafuta m'thupi kagayidwe, synthesis wa mahomoni angapo, hemoglobin, amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe amino zidulo ndi shuga mu intestine, amathandiza ntchito ya adrenal kotekisi. Kuperewera kwa asidi wa pantothenic kumatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka pakhungu ndi mamina.
- vitamini D amakhala homeostasis kashiamu ndi phosphorous, amachita njira ya mineralization fupa. Kuperewera kwa vitamini D kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa calcium ndi phosphorous m'mafupa, kuwonjezeka kwa demineralization ya mafupa, komwe kumabweretsa chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- vitamini E ali ndi zida za antioxidant, ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa ma gonads, mtima waminyewa, ndikukhazikika kwazingwe zam'manja. Ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini E, hemolysis ya erythrocyte ndi matenda amitsempha amaonedwa.
- Vitamini PP amachita nawo zochita redox mphamvu kagayidwe. Kusakwanira kudya mavitamini kumatsagana ndi kusokonekera kwa khungu, m'mimba komanso m'mitsempha.
- potaziyamu ndiye ion yama cell yayikulu yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito yoyang'anira madzi, asidi ndi ma elektrolyte, amatenga nawo mbali pazokhumba zamitsempha, malamulo opanikizika.
- kashiamu ndiye gawo lalikulu la mafupa athu, amakhala ngati wolamulira wamanjenje, amatenga nawo gawo pakumapindika kwa minofu. Kulephera kwa calcium kumabweretsa demineralization ya msana, mafupa amchiuno ndi kumapeto kwenikweni, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Chlorine zofunika mapangidwe ndi katulutsidwe wa asidi hydrochloric mu thupi.
- Iron ndi gawo la mapuloteni azinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza michere. Nawo nawo mayendedwe ma elekitironi, mpweya, zipangitsa njira ya redox zimachitikira ndi kutsegula kwa peroxidation. Kusakwanira kumwa kumabweretsa hypochromic magazi m'thupi, myoglobin-atony wopanda mafupa a mafupa, kuwonjezeka kutopa, myocardiopathy, atrophic gastritis.
- Iodini amachita nawo ntchito ya chithokomiro, ndikupanga mapangidwe a mahomoni (thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine). Ndikofunikira pakukula ndi kusiyanitsa maselo amitundu yonse ya thupi la munthu, kupuma kwa mitochondrial, kuwongolera transmembrane sodium ndi mayendedwe a mahomoni. Kudya kosakwanira kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chakumapeto kwa hypothyroidism ndikuchepetsa kagayidwe kake, kupsinjika kwa magazi, kuchepa kwamankhwala komanso kukula kwa ana.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Mkuwa ndi gawo la michere yokhala ndi ntchito ya redox komanso yokhudzana ndi kagayidwe kazitsulo, imathandizira kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Amachita nawo njira zopezera mpweya wamthupi la munthu. Kuperewera kumawonetsedwa ndi zovuta pakupanga kwamitsempha yam'mimba ndi mafupa, kukula kwa mafinya a dysplasia.
- Molybdenum ndi cofactor wa michere yambiri yomwe imapatsa mphamvu kupangika kwa sulfure wokhala ndi amino acid, purines ndi pyrimidines.
- Chrome amatenga nawo gawo paziweto zamagazi, zomwe zimakulitsa mphamvu ya insulin. Kulephera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kulolerana kwa shuga.
- nthaka ndi gawo la michere yoposa 300, yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito kaphatikizidwe ndi kuwonongeka kwa chakudya, mapuloteni, mafuta, ma nucleic acid komanso kuwongolera kufotokozera kwamitundu ingapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito osakwanira kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa chitetezo m'thupi, chiwindi cha chiwindi, kukanika kugonana, komanso kupunduka kwa fetus. Kafukufuku waposachedwa awulula kuthekera kwa mlingo waukulu wa zinc kusokoneza kuyamwa kwamkuwa ndipo potero kumathandizira kukulitsa kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.