Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 21 | Tsamba 1684 | 1.2% | 5.7% | 8019 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 1.9 ga | 76 ga | 2.5% | 11.9% | 4000 ga |
| mafuta | 0.1 ga | 56 ga | 0.2% | 1% | 56000 ga |
| Zakudya | 3.1 ga | 219 ga | 1.4% | 6.7% | 7065 ga |
| zidulo zamagulu | 0.1 ga | ~ | |||
| CHIKWANGWANI chamagulu | 1.5 ga | 20 ga | 7.5% | 35.7% | 1333 ga |
| Water | 92.7 ga | 2273 ga | 4.1% | 19.5% | 2452 ga |
| ash | 0.6 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 83 | Makilogalamu 900 | 9.2% | 43.8% | 1084 ga |
| beta carotenes | 0.5 mg | 5 mg | 10% | 47.6% | 1000 ga |
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.1 mg | 1.5 mg | 6.7% | 31.9% | 1500 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.1 mg | 1.8 mg | 5.6% | 26.7% | 1800 ga |
| Vitamini B4, choline | 16 mg | 500 mg | 3.2% | 15.2% | 3125 ga |
| Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 0.274 mg | 5 mg | 5.5% | 26.2% | 1825 ga |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.091 mg | 2 mg | 4.6% | 21.9% | 2198 ga |
| Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 52 | Makilogalamu 400 | 13% | 61.9% | 769 ga |
| Vitamini C, ascorbic | 20 mg | 90 mg | 22.2% | 105.7% | 450 ga |
| Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 2 mg | 15 mg | 13.3% | 63.3% | 750 ga |
| Vitamini K, phylloquinone | Makilogalamu 41.6 | Makilogalamu 120 | 34.7% | 165.2% | 288 ga |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 1.4 mg | 20 mg | 7% | 33.3% | 1429 ga |
| niacin | 1 mg | ~ | |||
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 196 mg | 2500 mg | 7.8% | 37.1% | 1276 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 21 mg | 1000 mg | 2.1% | 10% | 4762 ga |
| Pakachitsulo, Si | 98 mg | 30 mg | 326.7% | 1555.7% | 31 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 20 mg | 400 mg | 5% | 23.8% | 2000 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 2 mg | 1300 mg | 0.2% | 1% | 65000 ga |
| Sulufule, S | 22 mg | 1000 mg | 2.2% | 10.5% | 4545 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 62 mg | 800 mg | 7.8% | 37.1% | 1290 ga |
| Mankhwala, Cl | 160 mg | 2300 mg | 7% | 33.3% | 1438 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Zotayidwa, Al | Makilogalamu 80.6 | ~ | |||
| Wopanga, B. | Makilogalamu 19.1 | ~ | |||
| Vanadium, V | Makilogalamu 2.6 | ~ | |||
| Iron, Faith | 0.9 mg | 18 mg | 5% | 23.8% | 2000 ga |
| Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 15 | Makilogalamu 150 | 10% | 47.6% | 1000 ga |
| Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 1.7 | Makilogalamu 10 | 17% | 81% | 588 ga |
| Lifiyamu, Li | Makilogalamu 0.4 | ~ | |||
| Manganese, Mn | 0.158 mg | 2 mg | 7.9% | 37.6% | 1266 ga |
| Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 189 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 18.9% | 90% | 529 ga |
| Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 0.7 | Makilogalamu 70 | 1% | 4.8% | 10000 ga |
| Nickel, ndi | Makilogalamu 0.5 | ~ | |||
| Rubidium, Rb | Makilogalamu 28.5 | ~ | |||
| Selenium, Ngati | Makilogalamu 2.3 | Makilogalamu 55 | 4.2% | 20% | 2391 ga |
| Olimba, Sr. | Makilogalamu 12.9 | ~ | |||
| Zamadzimadzi, F | Makilogalamu 110 | Makilogalamu 4000 | 2.8% | 13.3% | 3636 ga |
| Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 0.3 | Makilogalamu 50 | 0.6% | 2.9% | 16667 ga |
| Nthaka, Zn | 0.54 mg | 12 mg | 4.5% | 21.4% | 2222 ga |
| Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
| Wowuma ndi dextrins | 0.9 ga | ~ | |||
| Mono- ndi disaccharides (shuga) | 2.2 ga | maulendo 100 г | |||
| Mafuta okhutira | |||||
| Mafuta okhutira | 0.04 ga | maulendo 18.7 г | |||
| Mafuta a Polyunsaturated acids | |||||
| Omega-3 mafuta acids | 0.01 ga | kuchokera 0.9 mpaka 3.7 | 1.1% | 5.2% | |
| Omega-6 mafuta acids | 0.04 ga | kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 16.8 | 0.9% | 4.3% |
Mphamvu ndi 21 kcal.
- vitamini B6 monga coenzyme, amatenga nawo gawo pama metabolism a nucleic acid ndi amino acid. Kuperewera kwamankhwala kumabweretsa kusokonekera kwa ma nucleic acid ndi mapuloteni, zomwe zimapangitsa kulepheretsa kukula kwa magawano ndi magawano, makamaka pakukula mofulumira kwa mafupa: mafupa, m'mimba epithelium, ndi zina zambiri. kusowa kwa zakudya m'thupi, kubadwa kwa ziwalo zobvutika komanso zovuta zakukula kwa mwana. Mgwirizano wolimba wasonyezedwa pakati pamiyeso yama folate ndi homocysteine komanso chiopsezo cha matenda amtima.
- vitamini C amatenga nawo mbali pakuchita redox, magwiridwe antchito amthupi, amalimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo. Kulephera kumabweretsa kutuluka kwa magazi m'kamwa, kutuluka magazi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kuperewera kwa magazi komanso kufooka kwa ma capillaries amwazi.
- vitamini E ali ndi zida za antioxidant, ndizofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa ma gonads, mtima waminyewa, ndikukhazikika kwazingwe zam'manja. Ndi kuchepa kwa vitamini E, hemolysis ya erythrocyte ndi matenda amitsempha amaonedwa.
- vitamini K amayendetsa magazi. Kusowa kwa vitamini K kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito magazi, zomwe zimatsitsa prothrombin m'magazi.
- Silicon Imaphatikizidwa ngati gawo lazomangamanga mu glycosaminoglycans ndipo imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka collagen.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Mkuwa ndi gawo la michere yokhala ndi ntchito ya redox komanso yokhudzana ndi kagayidwe kazitsulo, imathandizira kuyamwa kwa mapuloteni ndi chakudya. Amachita nawo njira zopezera mpweya wamthupi la munthu. Kuperewera kumawonetsedwa ndi zovuta pakupanga kwamitsempha yam'mimba ndi mafupa, kukula kwa mafinya a dysplasia.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.