Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 89 | Tsamba 1684 | 5.3% | 6% | 1892 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 17.6 ga | 76 ga | 23.2% | 26.1% | 432 ga |
| mafuta | 2.1 ga | 56 ga | 3.8% | 4.3% | 2667 ga |
| Water | 79.1 ga | 2273 ga | 3.5% | 3.9% | 2874 ga |
| ash | 1.2 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 12 | Makilogalamu 900 | 1.3% | 1.5% | 7500 ga |
| Retinol | 0.012 mg | ~ | |||
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.08 mg | 1.5 mg | 5.3% | 6% | 1875 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.06 mg | 1.8 mg | 3.3% | 3.7% | 3000 ga |
| Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 0.15 mg | 5 mg | 3% | 3.4% | 3333 ga |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.24 mg | 2 mg | 12% | 13.5% | 833 ga |
| Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 7 | Makilogalamu 400 | 1.8% | 2% | 5714 ga |
| Vitamini B12, cobalamin | Makilogalamu 0.9 | Makilogalamu 3 | 30% | 33.7% | 333 ga |
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 400 mg | 2500 mg | 16% | 18% | 625 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 10 mg | 1000 mg | 1% | 1.1% | 10000 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 13 mg | 400 mg | 3.3% | 3.7% | 3077 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 61 mg | 1300 mg | 4.7% | 5.3% | 2131 ga |
| Sulufule, S | 176 mg | 1000 mg | 17.6% | 19.8% | 568 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 200 mg | 800 mg | 25% | 28.1% | 400 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Iron, Faith | 0.28 mg | 18 mg | 1.6% | 1.8% | 6429 ga |
| Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 50 | Makilogalamu 150 | 33.3% | 37.4% | 300 ga |
| Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 20 | Makilogalamu 10 | 200% | 224.7% | 50 ga |
| Manganese, Mn | 0.015 mg | 2 mg | 0.8% | 0.9% | 13333 ga |
| Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 32 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 3.2% | 3.6% | 3125 ga |
| Selenium, Ngati | Makilogalamu 36.5 | Makilogalamu 55 | 66.4% | 74.6% | 151 ga |
| Nthaka, Zn | 1.03 mg | 12 mg | 8.6% | 9.7% | 1165 ga |
| sterols | |||||
| Cholesterol | 52 mg | pa 300 mg | |||
| Mafuta okhutira | |||||
| Mafuta okhutira | 0.32 ga | maulendo 18.7 г | |||
| Mafuta a Polyunsaturated acids | |||||
| Omega-6 mafuta acids | 0.032 ga | kuchokera 4.7 mpaka 16.8 | 0.7% | 0.8% |
Mphamvu ndi 89 kcal.
- vitamini B6 amatenga nawo mbali pakukonzekera chitetezo cha mthupi, zoletsa ndi kusokonekera mkati mwa dongosolo lamanjenje, potembenuza amino acid, kagayidwe ka tryptophan, lipids ndi ma nucleic acid, kumathandizira kupangika kwa ma erythrocyte, kukonza mulingo wabwinobwino ya homocysteine m'magazi. Mavitamini B6 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuchepa kwa njala, kuphwanya mkhalidwe wa khungu, kukula kwa homocysteinemia, kuchepa magazi.
- vitamini B12 imachita gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwama metabolism ndikusintha kwa amino acid. Folate ndi vitamini B12 ndi mavitamini ogwirizana ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pakupanga magazi. Kusowa kwa vitamini B12 kumabweretsa kukulira kuchepa kwa tsankho kapena sekondale, komanso kuchepa kwa magazi, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia.
- potaziyamu ndiye ion yama cell yayikulu yomwe imagwira nawo ntchito yoyang'anira madzi, asidi ndi ma elektrolyte, amatenga nawo mbali pazokhumba zamitsempha, malamulo opanikizika.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Iodini amachita nawo ntchito ya chithokomiro, ndikupanga mapangidwe a mahomoni (thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine). Ndikofunikira pakukula ndi kusiyanitsa maselo amitundu yonse ya thupi la munthu, kupuma kwa mitochondrial, kuwongolera transmembrane sodium ndi mayendedwe a mahomoni. Kudya kosakwanira kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chakumapeto kwa hypothyroidism ndikuchepetsa kagayidwe kake, kupsinjika kwa magazi, kuchepa kwamankhwala komanso kukula kwa ana.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
- Selenium - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha chitetezo cha antioxidant cha thupi la munthu, chimakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi, chimagwira nawo ntchito yokhudza mahomoni a chithokomiro. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a Kashin-Beck (osteoarthritis omwe ali ndi ziwalo zingapo, msana ndi mafupa), matenda a Keshan (opatsirana myocardiopathy), cholowa cha thrombastenia.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.