Rolf Halden, mkulu wa Center for Healthcare Environmental Engineering pa Biodesign Institute ku Arizona State University anati:
Zinthu zambiri zapulasitiki zimatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono muzakumwa kapena zakudya zomwe zili. Pamene kutentha ndi nthawi yowonekera kumawonjezeka, zomangira za mankhwala mu pulasitiki zimasweka kwambiri, ndipo mankhwala amatha kuthera mu chakudya kapena madzi. Malinga ndi bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amatulutsidwa ndi ochepa kwambiri kuti angayambitse matenda, koma m'kupita kwanthawi, mlingo wochepa ungayambitse mavuto aakulu.
Kutaya botolo pa tsiku lotentha lachilimwe
Mabotolo ambiri amadzi omwe mumawapeza pamashelefu amasupamaketi amapangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki yotchedwa polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Kafukufuku wa 2008 ndi ofufuza a Arizona State University adawonetsa momwe kutentha kumafulumizitsa kutulutsidwa kwa antimoni kuchokera ku pulasitiki ya PET. Antimony amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki ndipo akhoza kukhala poizoni mu mlingo waukulu.
Poyesa ma labotale, zidatenga masiku 38 kuti mabotolo amadzi atenthedwa kufika madigiri 65 kuti azindikire kuchuluka kwa antimoni yomwe idaposa malangizo achitetezo. “Kutentha kumathandiza kuthyola zomangira za mankhwala m’mapulasitiki, monga ngati mabotolo apulasitiki, ndipo mankhwalawa amatha kusamukira ku zakumwa zimene ali nazo,” analemba motero Julia Taylor, wasayansi wofufuza za mapulasitiki pa yunivesite ya Missouri.
Mu 2014, asayansi adapeza ma antimoni ambiri ndi mankhwala oopsa otchedwa BPA m'madzi ogulitsidwa m'mabotolo amadzi aku China. Mu 2016, asayansi adapeza ma antimoni ambiri m'madzi am'mabotolo ogulitsidwa ku Mexico. Maphunziro onsewa adayesa madzi pamalo opitilira 65 °, zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri.
Malinga ndi gulu lamakampani la International Bottled Water Association, madzi am'mabotolo amayenera kusungidwa m'mikhalidwe yofanana ndi zakudya zina. “Madzi a m’mabotolo amathandiza kwambiri pakagwa ngozi. Ngati mwatsala pang'ono kutaya madzi m'thupi, zilibe kanthu kuti madzi ali bwanji. Koma kwa ogula wamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki sikungabweretse phindu lililonse, "adatero Halden.
Choncho, mabotolo apulasitiki sayenera kuwonetsedwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa nthawi yaitali, komanso sayenera kusiyidwa m'galimoto m'chilimwe.
Nanga zotengera zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito?
Mabotolo amadzi obwezerezedwanso nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku high-density polyethylene (HDPE) kapena polycarbonate. HDPE imavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso, mosiyana ndi polycarbonate.
Kuti mabotolowa akhale olimba komanso onyezimira, opanga nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito Bisphenol-A kapena BPA. BPA ndi vuto la endocrine. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zimatha kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a mahomoni ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zambiri zathanzi. Kafukufuku amagwirizanitsa BPA ndi khansa ya m'mawere. Bungwe la US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito BPA m'mabotolo a ana ndi mabotolo osataya. Opanga ambiri ayankha ku nkhawa za ogula pochotsa BPA.
"Kupanda BPA sikukutanthauza kukhala otetezeka," akutero Taylor. Ananenanso kuti bisphenol-S, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ina, "ndi yofanana ndi BPA ndipo ili ndi zinthu zofanana kwambiri."
Kodi zowopsa zake ndi zazikulu bwanji?
"Ngati mumamwa botolo limodzi lamadzi la PET patsiku, zingawononge thanzi lanu? Mwina ayi,” akutero Halden. "Koma ngati mumamwa mabotolo 20 patsiku, ndiye kuti chitetezo ndi chosiyana kwambiri." Amanenanso kuti kuchulukirako kumakhudza kwambiri thanzi.
Mwiniwake, Halden amakonda botolo lamadzi lachitsulo kuposa pulasitiki yogwiritsidwanso ntchito akafika pamsewu. "Ngati simukufuna pulasitiki m'thupi lanu, musawonjezere anthu," akutero.