Angiogénèse

Physiological ndondomeko imene latsopano mitsempha yozungulira chotupa, kulola kuti kupereka ndi kukula.

antioxidant

Antioxidants ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma free radicals m'thupi. Thupi limapanga ma antioxidants, ndipo amapezekanso muzakudya zingapo. Ma antioxidants akuluakulu ndi mavitamini C ndi E, carotenoids ndi selenium.

Apoptosis

Chodabwitsa cha kufa kwa maselo achilengedwe; kumapeto kwa mkombero wawo wabwinobwino, maselo amafa osasiya zinyalala za maselo.

Benin, wabwino

Woyenerera kunena kuti zochitika zakuthupi (zamtundu wa khansa pazochitika zomwe zimatisangalatsa) sizimapereka - panthawi yowonera - zoopsa zilizonse. Komabe, chotupa choopsa chingakule n’kufika poipa kwambiri.

biopsy

Kuchotsedwa kwa kachigawo kakang'ono ka minofu yaumunthu (khungu, mucous nembanemba, gland, etc.) kuti mufufuze zasayansi.

Cachexie

Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, komwe kumachitika mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa, makamaka khansa ya m'mimba. Cachexia imadziwika ndi kutayika kwa minofu ya minofu ndi minofu yamafuta ochepa, komanso kutsika kwambiri kuposa kulemera kwathupi. Pakati pa 4% ndi 23% ya imfa zokhudzana ndi khansa zimachitika chifukwa cha cachexia.

Cancer

Nthawi zambiri kufotokoza zochitika zonse zomwe zimadziwika ndi kukula kwachilendo kwa maselo kumabweretsa chotupa choyipa.

Zam'mimba

Wokhoza kuyambitsa kapena kulimbikitsa kukula kwa khansa. (Tsopano timalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito carcinogenic makamaka kuti carcinogenic.)

Carcinogenesis (tikunenanso carcinogenèse)

Yankho la njira zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha khansa. Njira yofunikira ya carcinogenesis imachokera ku kuyambitsa kwa ma oncogenes. Mitundu ingapo yotsegulira imatha kuchitika, yomwe ingafanane ndi magawo angapo a carcinogenesis.

carcinoma

Imodzi mwa mitundu itatu yayikulu ya khansa. Carcinoma amayamba kuchokera kuepithelium (ku France, carcinoma imatchedwa kawirikawiri epithelioma); epithelium ndi minofu yopanda mitsempha yomwe imaphimba khungu, khoma lamkati la kupuma, kugaya chakudya, mkodzo ndi ziwalo zoberekera, zomwe zimapanga gawo lalikulu la glands. Khansara yofala kwambiri (mapapo, m'mawere, m'mimba, pakhungu ndi pachibelekero) ndi carcinoma.

mankhwala amphamvu

Mtundu wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amakhudza mwachindunji maselo odwala, kuwawononga kapena kulepheretsa kuchulukana kwawo. Tsoka ilo, mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chemotherapy (mwa jakisoni kapena mapiritsi) amatha kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu pamatenda ena athanzi. Kuonjezera apo, popeza ena mwa mankhwalawa amayang'aniridwa kuti akhudze maselo omwe akukula mofulumira - monga maselo a khansa - amafika ku maselo ena omwe akukula mofulumira, monga fupa la mafupa, tsitsi la tsitsi, matumbo a m'mimba ndi khungu. mkamwa, chifukwa chake zochitika monga kutha kwa tsitsi.

Cytotoxic

Amatanthauza mankhwala omwe amawononga ma cell amoyo. Mankhwala a cytotoxic omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa adapangidwa kuti azikhudza mitundu ina ya maselo okha.

Epithelioma

Onani carcinoma.

Estrogen-receptor positive

Anati za khansa yodalira mahomoni momwe timazindikira "zolandilira" zomwe ma estrogens amamangirira kuti ayambitse kutentha. Kudziwa kwathu, palibe Chifalansa chofanana ndi mawu awa.

Odalira mahomoni

Amatanthauza khansa yomwe ili m'minyewa yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi mahomoni ogonana achilengedwe, monga bere kapena endometrium, yomwe imalimbikitsidwa ndi mahomoniwa.

immunotherapy

Njira yothandizira yomwe imaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa ntchito za chitetezo cha mthupi kuti kulimbana ndi matenda ndi matenda. Njirayi imatchedwanso biotherapy, chithandizo chamankhwala ou kusinthidwa kwa kuyankha kwachilengedwe.

Patsamba

Imatanthawuza ku carcinomas yokhazikika ndipo osawonetsa kuukira kulikonse. Mankhwala sanasankhebe ngati ndi mtundu wina wa khansa yomwe ikhalabe yokhazikika, kapena ngati ndi khansa yomwe gawo lake lapafupi limatha kukhala kwa nthawi yayitali koma lomwe pambuyo pake liyenera kukhala losokoneza.

Interleukin

Natural wothandizila chitetezo cha m`thupi amene nthawi zambiri akusowa odwala khansa ndi amene nthawi zambiri kutumikiridwa kwa iwo monga mankhwala ochiritsira immunotherapy.

Zowonongeka

Amatanthauza mtundu wa khansa yomwe ingathe kuchititsa metastasis.

khansa

Matenda, omwe pali mitundu ingapo, yodziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo oyera a magazi (leukocytes) m'mafupa; Monga momwe zilili m'mafupa omwe zinthu zazikulu za magazi zimapangidwira (kuphatikizapo maselo ofiira a magazi), kupanga kumeneku kumasokonekera. Maselo a khansa ya m'magazi amathanso kulowa mu ziwalo zina.

Lymphoma

Chotupa (pali mitundu ingapo) chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma cell a lymphoic, omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'mitsempha ndi ndulu.

Melanoma

Chotupa chomwe chimayamba mu melanocytes, maselo omwe amapanga melanin (pigment) ndipo amapezeka pakhungu, maso ndi tsitsi. Ngati, kaŵirikaŵiri, khansa yapakhungu siili yowopsa kwambiri, khansa yapakhungu imene imapangika mu timadontho-timadontho tuli m’gulu la khansa yoopsa kwambiri.

Wanzeru, wanzeru

Chotupa choopsa chimalowa m'minyewa yozungulira kuti chiziyambitsa metastases ; imafalikira kudzera m'magazi kapena ma lymphatic circulation.

Metastasis

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma metastasis (ma microbial, parasitic kapena chotupa), koma mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kufotokoza kupita patsogolo kwa maselo a khansa. M'lingaliro limeneli, metastasis ndi gawo lachiwiri la khansa, pamtunda wina kuchokera ku chotupa choyambirira.

Myeloma

Chotupa chopangidwa ndi maselo a m'mafupa omwe amachokera.

Neoplasm

Mawu azachipatala a chotupa.

oncogene

Jini yomwe yakhala ikusintha ndipo, "ikatsegulidwa", ikhoza kulimbikitsa kuchulukana kosalamulirika kwa maselo. M'zamoyo zambiri, majini ochepa amatha, nthawi zina, kusintha kumeneku komwe kumawapangitsa kukhala ma oncogene; Choncho tikhoza kunena kuti zamoyo zili kale ndi ma oncogene m'maselo awo. Ma oncogenes amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe (kuwala kwa ultraviolet, utsi wa fodya, tinthu ta asibesitosi, ma virus, ndi zina).

Oncology

Nthambi yamankhwala yoperekedwa ku phunziro ndi kuchiza khansa; Madokotala odziwa bwino izi ndi oncologists. Timateronso matenda a khansa.

Phytoestrogens

Zopezeka m'zomera zina, mankhwala awa ndi ma estrogens amphamvu kwambiri koma omwe katundu wawo wokhazikika pa zolandilira estrogen amawalola kuthana ndi zotsatira zovulaza za izi. Magulu awiri akulu ndi awa: isoflavones (makamaka amapezeka mu soya, licorice ndi red clover) ndi lignans (mumbewu zonse, makamaka fulakesi, ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba).

Progesterone receptor positive

Zimatanthawuza khansa yodalira mahomoni momwe "zolandilira" zimazindikirika zomwe progesterone imamangiriza kuti iyambitse chowerengera. Kudziwa kwathu, palibe Chifalansa chofanana ndi mawu awa.

Zopitilira muyeso

Ma atomu omwe, motsatira chodabwitsa cholumikizidwa ndi okosijeni, amatha kukhala ndi electron "yaulere"; akafika m'derali, maatomu funso "oxidize" maatomu ena, chifukwa unyolo zimachitikira. Amakhulupirira kuti pamene kuchulukana kwa ma free radicals kumaposa mphamvu ya thupi kuti zisawonongeke, zimakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa ukalamba ndi chitukuko cha matenda ambiri. Asayansi ambiri amachirikiza chiphunzitso (chosatsimikizirika) chakuti ma free radicals angayambitse khansa kuwonekera. Antioxidants ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ma free radicals m'thupi.

Radiotherapy

Mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito ma radiation a ionizing opangidwa ndi zinthu zina zotulutsa ma radio monga radium. Miyezi imeneyi ikadutsa m'minyewa yodwala, imawononga maselo osadziwika bwino kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwake. Radiation therapy imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zingapo:

- monga njira yayikulu yochizira matenda ena a khansa;

- pambuyo pochotsa chotupa choopsa ndi opaleshoni, kuwononga maselo otsala a khansa;

- monga chithandizo chamankhwala, kuchepetsa kukula kwa khansa yosachiritsika kuti athe kuchepetsa wodwalayo.

Kubwereza

Khansara imawonekeranso pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali kwambiri yomwe idakhululukidwa.

Chikhululukiro

Kutha kwa zizindikiro za matenda. Pankhani ya khansa, nthawi zonse timalankhula za chikhululukiro osati kuchiza.

sarcoma

Sarcomas amakula kuchokera mumtsempha wamagazi, minofu ya ulusi yomwe imathandizira ziwalo, kapena minofu yolumikizana (monga chichereŵechereŵe). Khansara ya mafupa ndi sarcoma; Kaposi sarcoma, yomwe imapezeka mwa anthu omwe ali ndi Edzi, imakhudza kwambiri khungu.

Kutupa

Kuchuluka kwa minofu (mnofu) komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kuchulukitsidwa kosalamulirika kwa maselo. Chotupacho chingakhale chosaopsa kapena choopsa.