Cardiomyopathy ndi mawu omwe angatanthauze matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amakhudza momwe minofu ya mtima imagwirira ntchito. Dilated cardiomyopathy ndi hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ndi mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino. Kuyang'anira koyenera ndikofunikira chifukwa kumatha kuyika moyo pachiswe.

Tanthauzo la cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy ndi mawu azachipatala omwe amaphatikiza magulu a matenda a myocardium. Kugwira ntchito kwa minofu ya mtima kumakhudzidwa. Cardiomyopathies ali ndi mfundo zofanana komanso zosiyana zingapo.

Mitundu ya cardiomyopathies

Mitundu yambiri ya cardiomyopathies ndi:

• dilated cardiomyopathy yomwe imadziwika ndi kufutukuka kwa zipinda za mtima, makamaka kumanzere kwa ventricle: minofu ya mtima imafooka ndipo ilibenso mphamvu zokwanira kupopa magazi;
• hypertrophic cardiomyopathy omwe ndi matenda obadwa nawo omwe amadziwika ndi kukhuthala kwa minofu ya mtima: mtima uyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuti upititse bwino magazi ochulukirapo.

Nthawi zambiri, mitundu ina ya cardiomyopathy imatha kuchitika:

• restrict cardiomyopathy ndi minofu ya mtima yomwe imaumitsa ndikutaya kusinthasintha: ma ventricles a mtima amavutika kuti apumule ndikudzaza bwino ndi magazi;
• arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy ya ventricle yoyenera yomwe imadziwika ndi kutulutsa kwamagetsi osokonezeka.

Zifukwa za cardiomyopathy

Nthawi zina, cardiomyopathy sichidziwika chifukwa. Amati ndi idiopathic.

Nthawi zina, zifukwa zingapo zimatheka.

Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• chibadwa;
• matenda ena amtima monga matenda a mtima obadwa nawo, matenda a valve kapena matenda oopsa;
• matenda a mtima amene anawononga myocardium;
• matenda a virus kapena mabakiteriya mu mtima;
• matenda kagayidwe kachakudya kapena matenda monga shuga;
• kusowa kwa zakudya;
• kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
• kumwa mowa kwambiri.

Kuzindikira kwa cardiomyopathy

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kufufuza kwachipatala. Katswiri wazachipatala amawunika zomwe akudziwa koma alinso ndi chidwi ndi mbiri yachipatala ya munthu payekha komanso banja.

Mayeso owonjezera amachitidwa kuti atsimikizire ndikukulitsa matenda a cardiomyopathy. Katswiri wazachipatala angadalire mayeso angapo:

• X-ray pachifuwa kuti awone kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mtima;
• electrocardiogram kuti alembe ntchito yamagetsi yamtima;
• echocardiogram kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amapopedwa ndi mtima;
• catheterization yamtima kuti azindikire zovuta zina zamtima (zotsekeka kapena zopapatiza mitsempha yamagazi, etc.);
• treadmill kupsinjika maganizo kuyesa ntchito ya mtima;
• kuyezetsa magazi.

Poyamba, cardiomyopathy imatha kukhala yosaoneka.

Pamene cardiomyopathy ikukulirakulira, kugwira ntchito kwa myocardium kumakhudzidwa kwambiri. Minofu ya mtima imafooka.

Zizindikiro zingapo za kufooka zimatha kuwonedwa:

• kutopa;
• kupuma movutikira pochita khama, kuphatikizapo pazochitika zachizolowezi;
• kuyamwa;
• chizungulire;
• chizungulire;
• kutaya

Zosangalatsa pamtima

Matenda ena a cardiomyopathies angayambitse mtima arrhythmia. Izi zimadziwika ndi kugunda kwa mtima kosakhazikika, kosakhazikika komanso kosakhazikika. 

Kupweteka pachifuwa

Kupweteka pachifuwa, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa, kungamveke. Siyenera kunyalanyazidwa chifukwa zingasonyeze vuto la mtima. Kupweteka kulikonse pachifuwa kumafuna malangizo achipatala.

Zizindikiro zingapo ziyenera kuchenjeza:

• ululu ndi mwadzidzidzi, kwambiri ndi kumangitsa chifuwa;
• kupweteka kumatenga mphindi zoposa zisanu ndipo sikuchoka ndi mpumulo;
• kupweteka sikuchoka mwachisawawa kapena mutatenga trinitrin mwa anthu omwe akuthandizidwa ndi angina pectoris;
• ululu umatulukira nsagwada, mkono wakumanzere, msana, khosi kapena pamimba.
• ululu umakhala wovuta kwambiri popuma;
• ululu limodzi ndi kutopa, kufooka, kupuma movutikira, pallor, thukuta, nseru, nkhawa, chizungulire, ngakhale kukomoka;
• ululu limodzi ndi kusakhazikika kapena mofulumira mungoli.

Kuopsa kwa zovuta

Cardiomyopathy imatha kukhala chifukwa cha infarction ya myocardial, kapena matenda a mtima. Ndi ngozi yadzidzidzi.

Zosankha zochiritsira zimadalira magawo ambiri kuphatikizapo mtundu wa cardiomyopathy, chifukwa chake, kusinthika kwake ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu amene akukhudzidwa.

Kutengera ndi vutolo, chithandizo cha cardiomyopathy chikhoza kutengera njira imodzi kapena zingapo:

• kusintha kwa moyo komwe kungaphatikizepo katswiri wodziwa zakudya kapena kadyedwe;
• chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe chingakhale ndi zolinga zambiri: kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuthandizira kupumula mitsempha ya magazi, kugunda kwa mtima pang'onopang'ono, kusunga kugunda kwa mtima, kuwonjezera mphamvu ya mtima kupopa, kuteteza magazi ndi / kapena kulimbikitsa kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo m'thupi;
• kuyika kwa pacemaker kapena automatic implantable defibrillator (ICD);
• kulowetsedwa kwa opaleshoni komwe kungakhale kupatsirana kwa mtima pazovuta kwambiri.

Kupewa kumatengera makamaka kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi:

• idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso choyenera;
• pewani kapena kulimbana ndi kunenepa kwambiri;
• kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
• osasuta, kapena kusiya kusuta;
• kuchepetsa kumwa mowa;
• kutsatira malangizo achipatala;
• etc.