Kusamalira strawberries m'dzinja

Onse amasamalira sitiroberi (munda wa sitiroberi) kwa okhala m'chilimwe amabwera kuntchito yamasika - amatsuka masamba akale, amathirira madzi, amawadyetsa, kenako kukolola ... kuyiwala zamunda mpaka masika. Olima otsogola amasamaliranso zobzala m'chilimwe - amazithiriranso, wina amadula masamba, ndi momwemo. Ndi zoipa zimenezo! M'dzinja, sitiroberi amafunikiranso chidwi.

Ntchito yayikulu ya ntchito ya autumn ndikupereka ma strawberries okhala ndi nyengo yabwino yozizira. Koma apa ndikofunikira kuti musapitirire, chifukwa chisamaliro chochulukirapo chimatha kusewera nthabwala zankhanza.

Kudyetsa strawberries mu autumn

M'dzinja, feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potashi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda ndi m'munda, ndipo sitiroberi ndizosiyana. Komabe, zoyeserera zawonetsa kuti potaziyamu imakhudza kwambiri zipatso za zipatso: zimakhala zamadzi, zowawa kapena zopanda kukoma. Koma phosphorous, m'malo mwake, amawapangitsa kukhala wandiweyani komanso okoma. Choncho, phosphorous nthawi zonse anathandiza kwambiri, ndi zochepa potaziyamu. Kuonjezera apo, mitengo ya feteleza ya autumn (pa 1 sq. M.) imadalira zaka za zomera (1) (2).

Musanatsike (pakati pa Ogasiti) pangani:

• humus kapena kompositi - 4 kg (1/2 ndowa);
• phosphate thanthwe - 100 g (supuni 4) kapena superphosphate iwiri - 60 g (supuni 4);
• potaziyamu sulphate - 50 g (supuni 2,5).

Zonsezi feteleza ayenera wogawana anamwazikana pa malo ndi anakumba pa fosholo bayonet.

Pambuyo podzaza malowa kwa chaka cha 2 ndi 3, sikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza - kapena autumn, kapena masika, kapena chilimwe.

Kwa chaka cha 3 (pakati pa Okutobala) kwa sitiroberi, muyenera kuwonjezera:

• humus kapena kompositi - 2 kg (1/4 ndowa);
• superphosphate iwiri - 100 g (1/2 chikho);
• potaziyamu sulphate - 20 g (supuni 1).

Kwa chaka cha 4 (pakati pa Okutobala):

• superphosphate iwiri - 100 g (1/2 chikho);
• potaziyamu sulphate - 12 g (2 supuni ya tiyi).

M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, feteleza ayenera kumwazikana mofanana pakati pa mizere ndikuyika m'nthaka ndi kangala.

M'chaka cha 5 cha moyo, zokolola za sitiroberi zimatsika kwambiri, kotero palibe chifukwa chokulirapo - muyenera kuyika munda watsopano.

Kudulira strawberries mu autumn

Anthu ambiri okhala m'chilimwe amakonda kudula masamba a sitiroberi. Izi kawirikawiri zimachitika kumayambiriro kwa August. Ndipo kwambiri pachabe.

Chowonadi ndi chakuti sitiroberi amamera masamba katatu pa nyengo (1):

• kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, kutentha kwa mpweya kufika 5 - 7 ° C - masambawa amakhala masiku 30 - 70, kenako amafa;
• m'chilimwe, atangokolola - amakhalanso ndi moyo masiku 30 - 70 ndikumwalira;
• m'dzinja, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka koyambirira kwa Okutobala - masamba awa amapita nyengo yachisanu.

Chifukwa chake, masamba a kasupe ndi chilimwe amapanga mulch wabwino wachilengedwe pofika m'dzinja, zomwe zimateteza mizu ku kuzizira ngati koyambirira kwa dzinja kuli kozizira koma kopanda chipale chofewa. Mukawadula mu Ogasiti, simudzakhala ndi chitetezo chilichonse ndipo mbewu zimatha kufa.

Pazifukwa zomwezo, sikulimbikitsidwa kutulutsa masamba owuma m'munda mu autumn - ayenera kukhalabe mpaka masika. Koma m'chaka, chisanu chikangokula, chiyenera kuchotsedwa, chifukwa ndi malo oberekera matenda. Komabe, mutha, ndithudi, kuchotsa masamba ndi mulch zobzala sitiroberi ndi 10 cm wa peat, koma izi ndizowonjezera ndalama za ntchito, nthawi ndi ndalama.

Koma chomwe chili choyenera kuchita mu kugwa ndikudula masharubu anu ngati simunachite m'chilimwe. Chifukwa machitidwe awonetsa kuti amawononga kwambiri chomera cha mayi, kuchepetsa kuuma kwa dzinja ndi zokolola (1).

Processing strawberries mu kugwa matenda ndi tizirombo

Kuchokera ku matenda. Mankhwala onse a matenda nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pambuyo pa maluwa (3). Ndiko kuti, mwachizolowezi sitiroberi m'njira yabwino iyenera kukonzedwa m'chilimwe. Koma remontant strawberries amabala zipatso mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn, choncho nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda imasinthidwa kukhala October. Panthawiyi, m'mundamo muyenera kutetezedwa ndi mankhwala a Bordeaux madzi (1%) - 1 lita pa 1 sq. m (4). Komabe, ngati palibe chomwe chidachitika ndi sitiroberi wamba, mutha kuwazanso.

Chithandizo chachiwiri chiyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa masika, maluwa asanatuluke - komanso ndi madzi a Bordeaux omwe amamwa mofanana.

Kuchokera tizirombo. Palibe nzeru kulimbana ndi tizirombo mu kugwa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala - iwo abisala kale m'nthaka m'nyengo yozizira. Mankhwala onse ayenera kuchitidwa panthawi ya kukula.

Kukumba m'dzinja kwa mizere yotalika masentimita 15 kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa tizirombo - ngati zibungu siziphwanyidwa, tizilombo ndi mphutsi zimadzipeza m'menemo ndikuundana m'nyengo yozizira. Koma apa pali vuto lina - sipadzakhala chitetezo ngati mulch pamunda wokumbidwa, osati tizilombo tokha, komanso sitiroberi omwe adzafa m'nyengo yozizira yopanda chipale chofewa. Ndipo ngati malowo ali mulch, ndiye kuti tizirombo tidzakhala overwinter popanda mavuto.

Strawberry kukonzekera yozizira

Pazifukwa zina, anthu okhala m'chilimwe amamva kuti sitiroberi ndi olimba kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira, koma iyi ndi nthano. Mizu yake imafa ndi kuchepa kwakanthawi kochepa (!) Kutentha kwa nthaka mpaka -8 ° С (1) (5). Ndipo masamba ndi nyanga zam'nyengo yozizira (zomera zazifupi za chaka chino, pomwe maluwa amayikidwa) zimawonongeka kwambiri kutentha kwa -10 ° C, ndipo pa -15 ° C zimafera palimodzi (1).

Kudabwa? Osakhulupirira? Ndiuzeni, zonsezi ndi zamkhutu, chifukwa sitiroberi amakula ngakhale kumpoto ndi Siberia! Inde, ikukula. Kodi mukudziwa chifukwa chake? Kumeneko kuli matalala ambiri. Ndipo iye ndiye chitetezo chabwino kwambiri ku chimfine. M'malo otsetsereka a chipale chofewa 20 cm, mbewu iyi imatha kupirira chisanu mpaka -30 - 35 ° C (1).

Choncho, chinthu chachikulu chomwe chiyenera kuchitidwa mu kugwa ndikuonetsetsa kuti chisanu chimasungidwa. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kuponyera matabwa a brushwood pamunda. Sikuti keke ndipo salola mphepo kusesa chipale chofewa pamalopo.

Njira ina yabwino ndikuphimba mabedi ndi nthambi za spruce kapena pine (5). Mwinanso wandiweyani wosanjikiza. Iwo okha amateteza ku chisanu, chifukwa mpweya umapanga pansi pawo, zomwe zimalepheretsanso nthaka kuzizira kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ndiabwino kwambiri pakusunga matalala. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zomera zomwe zili pansi pawo sizifa. Koma kuwapeza ndikovuta.

Nthawi zina amalangizidwa kuti mulch strawberries ndi masamba owuma, koma iyi ndi njira yowopsa. Inde, iwo adzateteza munda ku chimfine, koma m'chaka akhoza kukhala vuto - ngati sachotsedwa pa nthawi, chisanu chikasungunuka, zomera zimatha kuuma ndi kufa. Ndibwino kuti mulch ndi masamba ngati mukukhala m'nyumba yakumidzi - mutha kugwira nthawi yoyenera, koma kwa anthu okhala kumapeto kwa sabata, makamaka ngati atsegula nyengo mu Epulo, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito njirayi - imatha kutentha mkati. Marichi ndi pakati pa sabata, ndi sitiroberi zitha kukhudzidwa kwambiri masiku 2 mpaka 3.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinakambirana za mawonekedwe autumn sitiroberi chisamaliro ndi Agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mikhailova.

Magwero a

1. Burmistrov AD Berry mbewu // Leningrad, nyumba yosindikizira "Kolos", 1972 - 384 p.
2. Rubin SS Feteleza wa mbewu za zipatso ndi mabulosi // M., "Kolos", 1974 - 224 p.
3. Grebenshchikov SK Buku lofotokoza za chitetezo cha mbewu kwa olima ndi wamaluwa (kope lachiwiri, losinthidwa ndi zowonjezera) / M .: Rosagropromizdat, 2 - 1991 p.
4. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
5. Korovin AI, Korovina ON Weather, dimba ndi munda wa amateur // L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990 - 232 p.