Posachedwapa, anthu akhala akugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri matekinoloje a digito: malipiro opanda ndalama amapangidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za banki, mabanki amapereka zikalata zamagetsi, ndipo maofesi opanda mapepala awonekera. Zimenezi zimasangalatsa anthu ambiri amene akuda nkhawa ndi mmene chilengedwe chilili.
Komabe, zikuwonekeratu kuti makampani ena omwe amachirikiza malingalirowa amapindula kwambiri kuposa chilengedwe. Choncho, tiyeni tione bwinobwino mmene zinthu zilili ndi kuona ngati anthu opanda mapepala angapulumutsedi dzikoli.
Mosiyana ndi zomwe anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, makampani opanga mapepala ku Europe ayamba kale kutsata nkhalango zokhazikika. Pakadali pano, 74,7% ya zamkati zomwe zimaperekedwa ku mphero zamapepala ndi ma board ku Europe zimachokera kunkhalango zovomerezeka.
Mapazi a kaboni
Lingaliro lakuti kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala ndiko chifukwa chachikulu cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa padziko lonse lapansi siliri lolondola kotheratu, popeza, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chachikulu cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ku Amazon ndicho kufutukuka kwa ulimi ndi kuŵeta ng’ombe.
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti pakati pa 2005 ndi 2015, nkhalango za ku Ulaya zinakula ndi 44000 kilomita lalikulu - kuposa dera la Switzerland. Kuphatikiza apo, 13% yokha ya nkhalango zapadziko lonse lapansi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mapepala.
Mitengo yatsopano ikabzalidwa monga mbali ya mapologalamu okhazikika a nkhalango, imatenga carbon kuchokera mumpweya ndikuisunga m’mitengo kwa moyo wawo wonse. Izi zimachepetsa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mumlengalenga.
“Mafakitale a mapepala, zosindikizira ndi zosindikizira ali ndi mpweya wochepa kwambiri umene umatulutsa mpweya wotenthetsera m’mafakitale pamlingo umodzi wokha wa mpweya woipa umene umatulutsa padziko lonse,” inalemba motero Two Sides, amene amalimbikitsa ntchito yotsutsana ndi mawu ambiri m’mabungwe amene amadzudzula mapepala olimbikitsa kulimbikitsa. ntchito zawo za digito ndi zinthu zawo.
Ndikofunikiranso kudziwa kuti ndalama zopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zokhazikika ndizogwirizana ndi chilengedwe kuposa ma kirediti kadi ndi makhadi opangidwa kuchokera ku pulasitiki ya PVC.
Mobile mafoni
Koma zomwezo sizinganenedwe za njira yomwe ikukulirakulira yamalipiro a digito. Ndi ntchito iliyonse yatsopano yolipira kapena kampani ya fintech, mphamvu zambiri zimadyedwa, zomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe.
Ngakhale zomwe timauzidwa ndi makampani a pulasitiki ndi mabanki, kulipira ndalama kumakhala ndi udindo wa chilengedwe kuposa njira zina zolipirira digito chifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhazikika.
Chikhalidwe chopanda ndalama chomwe anthu ambiri angafune kukhalamo sichimakonda konse chilengedwe.
Makompyuta, ma network a mafoni am'manja, ndi malo opangira ma data ndi omwe adawononga nkhalango yopitilira 600 masikweya kilomita ku US kokha chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri.
Izi, nazonso, zimagwirizana ndi makampani a malasha. Mtengo wa chilengedwe popanga microchip imodzi ungakhale wodabwitsa kwambiri.
Malinga ndi lipoti la United Nations University, kuyerekezera kosasintha kumayika kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi makemikolo ofunikira kuti apange ndikugwiritsa ntchito microchip imodzi ya 2-gram pa 1600 ndi 72 magalamu, motsatana. Lipotilo lidawonjezeranso kuti zida zobwezerezedwanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndizowirikiza 630 kulemera kwa chinthu chomaliza.
Chifukwa chake, kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'ono, tomwe timapanga maziko akusintha kwa digito, sikukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pa dziko lapansi.
Chotsatira, tiyenera kuganizira njira yogwiritsira ntchito yokhudzana ndi mafoni a m'manja, zipangizo zomwe zimati zimasintha ndalama chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa malipiro a digito.
Kuphatikiza pa mfundo yakuti ntchito zazikulu zamigodi zimawononga chilengedwe, makampani amafuta ndi zitsulo ali ndi mavuto ena okhudzana ndi kupanga mafoni.
Dziko lapansi likuyang'anizana kale ndi kusowa kwa mkuwa, ndipo kwenikweni, pafupifupi 62 zinthu zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipangizo zonyamula katundu, zochepa chabe zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika.
Pakatikati pa vutoli ndi 16 mwa 17 mchere wosowa kwambiri padziko lapansi (kuphatikiza golide ndi dysprosium), kugwiritsa ntchito komwe kuli kofunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito bwino pazida zam'manja.
zofuna zapadziko lonse lapansi
Zitsulo zambiri zomwe zimafunikira kuti zikwaniritse kufunikira kwapadziko lonse lapansi kwazinthu zamakono kuchokera ku mafoni a m'manja kupita ku mapanelo adzuwa sizingasinthidwe, malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Yale, kusiya misika ina pachiwopsezo chakusowa kwazinthu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, m'malo zitsulo ndi metalloids mwina insufficiently njira zina zabwino kapena kulibe konse.
Chithunzi chomveka bwino chikuwonekera tikaganizira nkhani ya e-waste. Malinga ndi 2017 Global E-Waste Monitor, matani 44,7 miliyoni a ma laputopu, makompyuta, mafoni am'manja ndi zida zina zimapangidwa chaka chilichonse. Olemba lipoti la e-waste adawonetsa kuti izi ndizofanana ndi 4500 Eiffel Towers.
Kuchuluka kwa magalimoto padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kuchulukitsa nthawi 2020 mu 7 kuposa mu 2015, kuyika mphamvu zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni. Pafupifupi moyo wa foni yam'manja ku UK mu 2015 unali miyezi 23,5. Koma ku China, komwe kulipiritsa mafoni kumachitika pafupipafupi kuposa miyambo, moyo wa foni unali miyezi 19,5.
Choncho, zikuwoneka kuti kutsutsidwa kwaukali komwe makampani a mapepala amalandira, sikuyenera konse - makamaka, chifukwa cha machitidwe omwe ali ndi udindo komanso okhazikika a opanga ku Ulaya. Mwina tiyenera kuganizira mfundo yakuti, ngakhale zonena zamalonda, kupita digito sikuli ngati sitepe yobiriwira monga momwe timaganizira.