Ciguatera ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kudya nsomba zomwe zili ndi poizoni wotchedwa "ciguatoxin". Neurotoxin iyi imagwira ntchito panjira za calcium zamanjenje. Imasintha kukhazikika kwa ma neurons ndikuyambitsa zovuta za kugaya ndi mtima. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale maola omwe amatsatira kumwa kwake ndi ululu wa m'mimba, limodzi ndi nseru, kusanza kapena kutsekula m'mimba. Zizindikiro zina, monga chizungulire, ziwalo kapena hypersalivation zikhoza kuchitika. Matenda a Ciguatera amafunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala. Chithandizo ndi symptomatic.

Mawu akuti Ciguatera amachokera ku dzina lachi Cuba "cigua" la mollusk yaing'ono ya Cittarium pica, yotchedwanso Antilles troch. Matenda a Ciguatera, kapena "kuyabwa" chifukwa cha kuyabwa komwe kumayambitsa, akhala akudziwika kuyambira zaka za zana la XNUMX. Zimayamba chifukwa chodya nsomba zazikuluzikulu zolusa komanso zam'madera otentha, monga barracuda, zomwe zili ndi poizoni wotchedwa "ciguatoxin", wopangidwa ndi ndere zosawoneka bwino zomwe zimamera m'matanthwe oipitsidwa.

Matenda a Ciguatera amapezeka mu nyengo zonse kumadera otentha ndi kumadera otentha (Oceania, Polynesia, Indian Ocean, Caribbean). Madzi ayenera kukhala ofunda ndi kubisala matanthwe a coral. Chiwopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chimakhala chachikulu pakachitika chimphepo chamkuntho.

Ciguatoxin, yomwe imachititsa matendawa, imapangidwa ndi ndere zooneka ngati zazing'ono kwambiri, zotchedwa Gambierdiscus toxicus, zomwe zimamera m'mafupa a miyala yamchere yakufa. Izi zimalowetsedwa ndi nsomba m'matanthwe owonongeka a coral, ndipo, pamene chakudya chikupita patsogolo, chimatha kukhazikika mu nsomba zodya nyama, zomwe zimadyedwa ndi zazikulu kuposa izo. Zotsirizirazi, monga moray eel kapena barracuda, ndiye zimagwidwa ndi anthu omwe amazidya. Miyezo ya ciguatoxin ndi yadongosolo la nanograms zana limodzi kapena ngakhale ma micrograms, okwanira kuyambitsa zizindikiro mwa anthu.

Choncho pali chiopsezo cha poizoni kwa ogula nsombazi, makamaka popeza poizoni samva kuphika. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake mitundu ina imaletsedwa kupha nsomba molingana ndi kulemera kwake komanso kapena kutengera dera lawo. Pofuna kupewa matenda a Ciguatera, tikulimbikitsidwa, mukakhala kumadera komwe kuli poizoni, kutsatira malangizo otsatirawa.

Pewani kudya nsomba "zazikulu kuposa mbale yanu".

Monga:

• gulu;
• barracuda; 
• nsomba ya parrot;
• Shaki ;
• nsomba ya opareshoni;
• lutjan ;
• lever; 
• nkhanu;
• thambo;
• loche ;
• kukhala
• nsomba za napoleon, etc.

Malangizo ena

Ndikofunikira kuti:

• musadye chiwindi kapena viscera ya nsomba zochokera kumadera awa;
• kusadya nsomba zimene anthu a m’dzikolo sadya;
• nthawi zonse sonyezani nsomba zanu kwa msodzi wapafupi musanadye.

Ciguatoxin ndi neurotoxin yomwe imagwira ntchito mu njira za calcium za dongosolo lamanjenje. Imasintha kuchuluka kwa ma neurons ndipo imatha kuyambitsa zizindikiro zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro zimawonekera pakatha maola 1 mpaka 4 mutamwa, nthawi zambiri kupitilira maola 24:

Zizindikiro za m'mimba

Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndi zizindikiro za m'mimba:

• chisokonezo;
• kusanza;
• kutsegula m'mimba;
• kupweteka kwa m'mimba ;
• hypersalivation kapena pakamwa youma.

Zizindikiro za mtima

Zizindikiro zamtima zikuwonetsa kuopsa kwapoyizoni:

• brachycardia (kugunda kwapang'onopang'ono);
• arterial hypotension.

Zizindikiro zina

Zizindikiro za Neurological:

• paresthesias (kuyabwa) makamaka m'malekezero ndi nkhope, makamaka milomo;
• kumva dzanzi;
• kumverera koyaka kapena kugwedezeka kwamagetsi pakukhudzana ndi zinthu zozizira;
• kusagwirizana ndi kusamvana;
• chisokonezo;
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ;
• mutu;
• chizungulire;
• ziwalo, etc.

Zizindikiro zapakhungu:

• kuyabwa (pruritus) makamaka m'manja ndi m'mapazi;
• kufiira.

Zizindikiro zina:

• kupweteka kwa minofu ndi molumikizana;
• thukuta;
• wotopa.

Matenda a Ciguatera amatha kukhala oopsa kwambiri ngakhalenso kupha ngati minofu ya kupuma kapena kulephera kwa mtima kwavulala. Kukula kwa "hypersensitivity" ku nsomba ndi zakudya zochokera m'nyanja ndizotheka.

Palibe mankhwala a matenda a Ciguatera, omwe amatha okha m’masiku ochepa. Kumbali ina, kasamalidwe ka mankhwala cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa zizindikiro, makamaka mavuto a mtima, ndi oopsa kwambiri. Zizindikiro zochizira ndi motere.

Kulimbana ndi kuyabwa:

• antihistamines (Teldane, Polaramine);
• mankhwala oletsa ululu wamba (lidocaine gel).

Kuwongolera matenda am'mimba:

• antispasmodics;
• antiemetics;
• woletsa kutsekula m'mimba.

Pakachitika vuto la mtima, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigone m'chipatala wodwala yemwe angamuike pansi pa:

• corticosteroids kuti ateteze kuyambika kwa mantha;
• atropine sulphate mu bradycardias yosalekerera bwino;
• mtima analeptics mu hypotension.

Pankhani ya matenda a neurological: 

• mavitamini B (B1, B6 ndi B12);
• amitriptyline (Laroxyl, Elavil);
• Tiapridal pamodzi ndi dexamethasone;
• salicylic acid yogwirizana ndi colchicine.

Popeza kupsinjika kwa kupuma ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kufa ndi matenda a Ciguatera, thandizo la mpweya wabwino ndi gawo limodzi la chithandizo chadzidzidzi chamitundu ina yovuta kwambiri yopumira.

Pomaliza, odwala ayeneranso kupewa kudya nsomba m'masiku otsatirawa kuti asawonjezere mlingo wawo wa ciguatoxin. Zakumwa zoledzeretsa ndizosavomerezeka, chifukwa zimatha kukulitsa zizindikiro.