Zamkatimu
Kupanga vuto
Tiyerekeze kuti kampani yomwe mumagwira ntchito ili ndi nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zitatu, kuchokera komwe katundu amapita kumasitolo anu asanu omwe amwazikana ku Moscow.
Sitolo iliyonse imatha kugulitsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe tikudziwa. Nyumba iliyonse yosungiramo zinthu imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa. Ntchito ndi kusankha mwanzeru malo osungiramo katundu omwe angatumize katunduyo kuti achepetse ndalama zonse zoyendera.
Musanayambe kukhathamiritsa, padzakhala kofunikira kupanga tebulo losavuta pa pepala la Excel - masamu athu akufotokozera momwe zinthu zilili:
Zimamveka kuti:
- Gome lachikasu lowala (C4: G6) limafotokoza mtengo wotumizira chinthu chimodzi kuchokera kunkhokwe iliyonse kupita ku sitolo iliyonse.
- Maselo ofiirira (C15:G14) amafotokoza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zofunika kuti sitolo iliyonse igulitse.
- Maselo ofiira (J10: J13) amasonyeza mphamvu ya nyumba yosungiramo katundu iliyonse - kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe nyumba yosungiramo katunduyo ingagwire.
- Maselo achikasu (C13: G13) ndi a buluu (H10:H13) ndi mizere ndi magawo a ma cell obiriwira, motsatana.
- Ndalama zonse zotumizira (J18) zimawerengedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku chiwerengero cha katundu ndi mtengo wake wotumizira - powerengera, ntchitoyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pano. SUMPRODUCT (SUMPRODUCT).
Chifukwa chake, ntchito yathu imachepetsedwa ndikusankha zabwinobwino zama cell obiriwira. Ndipo kotero kuti ndalama zonse za mzere (maselo abuluu) zisapyole mphamvu ya nyumba yosungiramo katundu (maselo ofiira), ndipo nthawi yomweyo sitolo iliyonse imalandira kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimayenera kugulitsa (kuchuluka kwa sitolo iliyonse mu maselo achikasu ayenera kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi zofunikira - maselo ofiirira).
Anakonza
Mu masamu, mavuto otere osankha kugawa bwino kwazinthu zakuthupi adapangidwa ndikufotokozedwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndipo, zowona, njira zowathetsera zakhala zikupangidwa kwanthawi yayitali osati mwa kuwerengera mosabisa (komwe kuli kotalika kwambiri), koma kubwereza kochepa kwambiri. Excel imapatsa wogwiritsa ntchito izi pogwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera. Sakani Mayankho (Solver) kuchokera ku tabu Deta (Tsiku):
Ngati pa tabu Deta Excel yanu ilibe lamulo lotero - zili bwino - zikutanthauza kuti chowonjezera sichinalumikizidwebe. Kuti mutsegule file, kenako sankhani magawo - Zowonjezera - About (Zosankha - Zowonjezera - Pitani Ku). Pazenera lomwe limatsegulidwa, chongani bokosi pafupi ndi mzere womwe tikufuna Sakani Mayankho (Solver).
Titha kuwonjezera:
Pawindo ili, muyenera kukhazikitsa magawo otsatirawa:
- Konzani ntchito ya chandamale (Seti tndalama cell) - apa ndikofunikira kuwonetsa cholinga chachikulu chomaliza cha kukhathamiritsa kwathu, i.e. bokosi la pinki lomwe lili ndi mtengo wonse wotumizira (J18). Selo lomwe mukufuna litha kuchepetsedwa (ngati ndi ndalama, monga momwe ziliri), kukulitsidwa (ngati kuli, mwachitsanzo, phindu) kapena kuyesa kubweretsa mtengo womwe wapatsidwa (mwachitsanzo, zigwirizane ndendende ndi bajeti yomwe yaperekedwa).
- Kusintha Maselo Osiyanasiyana (By kusintha ma cell) - apa tikuwonetsa ma cell obiriwira (C10: G12), posintha zomwe tikufuna kukwaniritsa - mtengo wochepera woperekera.
- Mogwirizana ndi zoletsa (mutu ku ndi Zoletsa) - mndandanda wa zoletsa zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa pokonzekera bwino. Kuti muwonjezere zoletsa pamndandanda, dinani batani kuwonjezera (Onjezani) ndipo lowetsani chikhalidwe pawindo lomwe likuwonekera. M'malo mwathu, izi zitha kukhala zolepheretsa:
ndi kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo katundu:
Kuphatikiza pa zofooka zodziwikiratu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi (kuthekera kwa nyumba zosungiramo katundu ndi njira zoyendera, bajeti ndi zovuta za nthawi, ndi zina), nthawi zina ndikofunikira kuwonjezera zoletsa "zapadera za Excel". Kotero, mwachitsanzo, Excel ikhoza kukonzekera mosavuta kuti "mukonzekere" mtengo woperekera popereka katundu wonyamula katundu kuchokera kumasitolo kubwerera kumalo osungiramo katundu - ndalamazo zidzakhala zoipa, i.e. tidzapanga phindu! 🙂
Kuti izi zisachitike, ndi bwino kusiya bokosilo litayatsidwa. Pangani Zosintha Zopanda Malire Zisakhale Zoyipa kapenanso nthawi zina kulembetsa momveka bwino nthawi ngati izi pamndandanda wazoletsa.
Pambuyo kukhazikitsa magawo onse ofunikira, zenera liyenera kuwoneka motere:
Pamndandanda wotsikirapo Sankhani njira yothetsera, muyeneranso kusankha njira yoyenera yamasamu yothetsera kusankha mwazosankha zitatu:
- Njira yosavuta ndi njira yosavuta komanso yachangu yothetsera mavuto amzere, mwachitsanzo, zovuta zomwe zotulutsa zimatengera zomwe zalowetsedwa.
- General Downgraded Gradient Method (OGG) - pazovuta zopanda mzere, pomwe pali zovuta zosagwirizana pakati pa zolowetsa ndi zotuluka (mwachitsanzo, kudalira kwa malonda pamtengo wotsatsa).
- Chisinthiko kufufuza yankho - njira yatsopano yokwaniritsira kutengera mfundo zakusinthika kwachilengedwe (hello Darwin). Njirayi imagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri kuposa ziwiri zoyambirira, koma imatha kuthetsa vuto lililonse (lopanda malire, lopanda malire).
Ntchito yathu ndi yofananira bwino: idaperekedwa 1 chidutswa - idakhala ma ruble 40, idaperekedwa zidutswa 2 - idawononga ma ruble 80. etc., kotero njira yosavuta ndiyo yabwino kwambiri.
Tsopano popeza deta yowerengera yalowa, dinani batani Pezani yankho (Kuthetsa)kuyamba kukhathamiritsa. Pazovuta kwambiri ndi ma cell ambiri osintha ndi zopinga, kupeza yankho kumatha kutenga nthawi yayitali (makamaka ndi njira yachisinthiko), koma ntchito yathu ya Excel sikhala vuto - mumphindi zingapo tipeza zotsatira zotsatirazi. :
Samalani momwe ndalama zogulitsira zidagawidwira mochititsa chidwi m'masitolo, osapitirira kuchuluka kwa malo athu osungiramo zinthu ndikukwaniritsa zopempha zonse za kuchuluka kwa katundu wofunikira pa sitolo iliyonse.
Ngati yankho lomwe lapezeka likutikwanira, ndiye kuti titha kulisunga, kapena kubweza zomwe zidayambira ndikuyesanso ndi magawo ena. Mukhozanso kusunga osankhidwa osakaniza magawo monga Chitsanzo. Pa pempho la wogwiritsa ntchito, Excel imatha kupanga mitundu itatu malipoti pa vuto lomwe likuthetsedwa pamasamba osiyana: lipoti lazotsatira, lipoti la kukhazikika kwa masamu a yankho ndi lipoti la malire (zoletsa) za yankho, komabe, nthawi zambiri, zimakhala zosangalatsa kwa akatswiri okha. .
Pali, komabe, zochitika zomwe Excel silingapeze yankho loyenera. Ndizotheka kutsanzira nkhani yotere ngati tiwonetsa mu chitsanzo chathu zofunikira za masitolo mumtengo woposa mphamvu zonse zosungiramo katundu. Kenako, pochita kukhathamiritsa, Excel idzayesa kuyandikira yankho momwe mungathere, ndikuwonetsa uthenga womwe yankho silingapezeke. Komabe, ngakhale mu nkhaniyi, tili ndi zambiri zothandiza - makamaka, tikhoza kuona "malumikizidwe ofooka" a njira zathu zamabizinesi ndikumvetsetsa madera omwe tiyenera kusintha.
Chitsanzo choganiziridwa, ndithudi, ndi chophweka, koma mamba osavuta kuthetsa mavuto ovuta kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kukhathamiritsa kwa kugawa chuma chachuma potengera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu bizinesi kapena bajeti ya polojekitiyo. Zoletsa, pankhaniyi, zidzakhala kuchuluka kwa ndalama ndi nthawi ya polojekiti, ndipo cholinga cha kukhathamiritsa ndikukulitsa phindu ndikuchepetsa ndalama za polojekiti.
- Ogwira ntchito ndandanda kukhathamiritsa kuti achepetse ndalama zamalipiro abizinesi. Zoletsa, pakadali pano, zidzakhala zofuna za wogwira ntchito aliyense malinga ndi ndondomeko ya ntchito ndi zofunikira pa tebulo la ogwira ntchito.
- Kukhathamiritsa kwa ma investments - kufunikira kogawa bwino ndalama pakati pa mabanki angapo, zotetezedwa kapena magawo abizinesi kuti, kachiwiri, kukulitsa phindu kapena (ngati ndikofunikira) kuchepetsa zoopsa.
Mulimonsemo, kuwonjezera Sakani Mayankho (Solver) ndi chida champhamvu kwambiri komanso chokongola cha Excel komanso choyenera kusamala, chifukwa chimatha kukuthandizani pazovuta zambiri zomwe muyenera kukumana nazo mubizinesi yamakono.