Dendrobium orchid
Dendrobium ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri amkati, omwe amafanana ndi kutchuka kwa woimira wina wamaluwa - phalaenopsis. Kuchokera ku Dendrobiums nokha, mutha kusonkhanitsa chopereka chodabwitsa chomwe chomera chilichonse chizikhala chosiyana ndi china chilichonse.

Ichi ndi chomera cha epiphytic: mwachilengedwe chimamera mwachindunji pamitengo yamitengo, ndipo mawu akuti "dendrobium" m'Chi Greek amatanthauza "kukhala pamtengo". Maluwa a Dendrobium ndi ofunikira kuwona: maluwa ake samakondwera ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi mthunzi wawo, komanso ndi fungo labwino. Oimira amtundu wa Dendrobium ndi osiyana kwambiri ndipo amasiyana m'njira zambiri: mthunzi wa maluwa, nthawi yamaluwa, chizolowezi cha zomera zonse.

Mitundu ya dendrobium orchids

M'chilengedwe, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, pali mitundu 1000 - 1200 ya dendrobium (1). Mu chikhalidwe cha chipinda, ndithudi, mitundu yocheperapo imakula, komanso yambiri, kuphatikizapo mitundu, sizingatheke kuti zilembedwe zonse, kotero ndizomveka kunena za zomwe zimakonda komanso zosangalatsa.

Dendrobium yabwino (Dendrobium nobile). Mtundu wochititsa chidwi kwambiri wa dendrobium orchid, womwe umatsimikizira dzina lake - "wolemekezeka". Nthawi zambiri, awa ndi ma hybrids omwe amasiyana kukula ndi mtundu wa maluwa, omwe amatha kukhala oyera, pinki, lilac, chikasu, ngakhale tricolor. Maluwa amapangika mu axils a masamba ndipo amagwetsa tsinde zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chomeracho chiwoneke ngati "maluwa". Maluwa ndi aatali, kuyambira pakati pa dzinja mpaka koyambirira kwa chilimwe.

Dendrobium kachilomboka (Dendrobium moniliforme). Kang'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi 15 cm wamtali, amawoneka ngati dendrobium nobile yochepetsedwa. Maluwa ndi oyera, achikasu, ofiira kapena pinki, mu inflorescences a zidutswa 2-3. Pali mitundu yambiri ndi ma hybrids. Maluwa ndi aatali, amayamba kumapeto kwa dzinja.

Dendrobium Phalaenopsis (Dendrobium Phalaenopsis). Ngakhale kufanana kwa mayina, iyi si haibridi yokhala ndi phalaenopsis, koma mtundu wina wa dendrobium, wofanana ndi phalaenopsis kunja. Maluwa ake ndi akulu, pa peduncle yayitali, nthawi zambiri amamasula m'nyengo yozizira, mu Novembala-December. Amatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazosavuta kukula.

Dendrobium Parish (Dendrobium parishii). Zimasiyana ndi zokwawa zazitali kapena mphukira zopachikika ndi masamba akuluakulu. Maluwa pama peduncles aafupi, amodzi kapena angapo, okhala ndi milomo ya "fluffy". Chimamasula kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.

Dendrobium primrose (Dendrobium primulinum). Ilinso ndi mphukira zazitali zopendekera zokhala ndi masamba ambiri. Maluwa amawoneka 1 - 2 mu internodes, ndi aakulu, ndi milomo yopepuka kapena yamatope. Maluwa kumapeto kwa dzinja - koyambirira kwa masika, akhoza kukhala atali.

Dendrobium gustotsvetny (Dendrobium densiflorum). Dzina la mtundu uwu wa dendrobium limagwirizana bwino ndi maonekedwe a chomera: mu inflorescence imodzi pakhoza kukhala maluwa ang'onoang'ono khumi ndi awiri, nthawi zambiri achikasu-lalanje, ndi fungo lokoma lamphamvu. Maluwa ndi aatali, amayamba m'nyengo yozizira.

Dendrobium Lindley (Dendrobium lindleyi). Mtundu wophatikizika wa dendrobium orchid, womwe nthawi zambiri umatalika osapitilira 20 cm. Inflorescence iliyonse imatha kukhala ndi maluwa 10 kapena kupitilira apo mpaka 5 cm mu kukula, yachikasu kapena lalanje ndi milomo yakuda. Maluwa amakhala ndi fungo labwino la uchi. Maluwa amayamba pakati pa dzinja ndipo amatha mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amakhala ochuluka makamaka masika.

Kusamalira Dendrobium orchid kunyumba

Dendrobiums si ma orchid osowa kwambiri, komabe, amafunikirabe chisamaliro kuti akule bwino.

Ground

Dendrobium ndiyoyenera dothi lapadera lopangidwa kale la ma orchid, lomwe lingagulidwe m'sitolo, kapena gawo lapansi lopangidwa kunyumba kuchokera ku khungwa la mtengo wa pine wosakanikirana ndi sphagnum. Ngati mukukonzekera nthaka nokha, mukhoza kuwonjezera makala pang'ono ndi peat kwa izo.

Kuunikira

Monga ma orchids ena, ma dendrobium amafunikira kuunikira kwabwino kwambiri. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa nthawi zofunika kwambiri pa chisamaliro. Ndi bwino kuwakulitsa kumwera, kum'mawa, kumwera chakumadzulo kapena kumwera chakum'mawa zenera, kupereka mthunzi wowala kuchokera ku dzuwa lotentha m'chilimwe. Dendrobium iyenera kukhala ndi maola osachepera 12 masana kuti ikule bwino (2). Ngati sizingatheke kupatsa zomera zowunikira zokwanira, kuunikira kowonjezera kudzafunika. Zowunikira wamba zapakhomo sizoyenera ma orchid, zimafunikira fitolamp yapaderadera.

chinyezi

M'chilengedwe, ma dendrobiums amapezeka mumikhalidwe ya chinyezi chambiri - pafupifupi 80%. Mitundu ndi mitundu yamkati imapirira mpweya wouma, koma mulimonse, chinyezi chake sichiyenera kutsika 50 - 60%. Choncho, m'chilimwe ndi bwino kutenga dendrobium panja, mwachitsanzo, ku khonde ndikupopera nthawi zonse ngati nyengo ikutentha, youma. M'nyengo yozizira, komanso popanda khonde, mukhoza kuyika mphika ndi chomera mu thireyi ndi miyala yonyowa, dongo kapena sphagnum.

Kuthirira dendrobium kumadalira nthawi ya chaka ndi kukula kwake: mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, zomera zimathiriridwa madzi ambiri, gawo lapansi liyenera kuuma pakati pa kuthirira. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka sikupindulitsa dendrobium ndipo kungayambitse kuvunda kwa mizu. Thirirani dendrobium ndi madzi ofunda ofunda. Kuthirira m'nyengo yozizira kumadalira mtundu wa dendrobium womwe mumamera: zomera zomwe zimakhala ndi nthawi yopuma (mwachitsanzo, dendrobium nobile) sizimathiridwa madzi m'nyengo yozizira, maonekedwe a maluwa ayenera kukhala chizindikiro chowonjezera kuthirira. Mitundu ina, makamaka dendrobium phalaenopsis, ilibe nthawi yogona ndipo imayenera kuthiriridwa m'nyengo yozizira.

feteleza

Kusamalira bwino kwa dendrobium orchid kumaphatikizapo kudyetsa kovomerezeka. Kwa ma dendrobiums, mapangidwe apadera okonzeka opangira ma orchid ndi oyenera. Nthawi zambiri fetelezawa amawonjezedwa m'madzi panthawi yothirira, koma pali makonzedwe apadera a kudyetsa masamba - kupopera mbewu pamasamba. Kukonzekera kotereku kumalimbikitsidwa kwa zomera zomwe zili ndi mizu yowonongeka kapena yosakhazikika (mwachitsanzo, zodula mizu kapena zodula), komanso chlorosis. Kwa ma dendrobium, sagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wouma (mapiritsi ndi "ndodo zathanzi").

Kudyetsa

Chovala chapamwamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yakukula, ndiko kuti, kukula mwachangu kwa mbewu, nthawi zambiri kamodzi pakatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu, pokhapokha ngati zasonyezedwa mu malangizo a feteleza wosankhidwa. Kuvala koyamba ndi komaliza kwa nyengoyi kumayikidwa mu kuchuluka kwa 1/2 ya mlingo wathunthu.

Kaya kuli kofunikira kudyetsa ma dendrobiums panthawi yamaluwa ndi vuto lalikulu, koma nthawi zambiri tikulimbikitsidwa kusiya kuvala pamwamba maluwawo akamaphuka pakati, ndikuyambiranso maluwa.

Kuvala pamwamba pa foliar kumatheka kunja kwa nthawi ya maluwa, chifukwa maluwa amafa chifukwa cha michere yomwe ili pa iwo.

Osapopera dendrobium ndi feteleza padzuwa lolunjika: izi zimabweretsa kuwotcha ndi kufa kwa masamba. Mitundu ndi mitundu yomwe imakhala ndi nyengo yozizira simadyetsedwa panthawiyi. Zomera zofunda zomwe sizikhala ndi nthawi yogona zimatha kudyetsedwa kamodzi pamwezi.

Ngati mutabzala kapena kufalitsa dendrobium, muyenera kudikirira ndi kuvala pamwamba mpaka italimba mokwanira ndikuyamba kupanga mphukira zatsopano. Feteleza nthawi yomweyo mutabzala kungayambitse kufa kwa mizu ndi mbewu yonse.

Kubereka kwa dendrobium orchid kunyumba

Kufalitsa dendrobium ndikosavuta, mutha kuchita mwanjira ziwiri.

Pogawa chitsamba. Pambuyo pa maluwa, dendrobium imatha kubzalidwa ndikugawidwa. Kuti tichite izi, chomera chachikulu chimachotsedwa mumphika, mizu imatsukidwa ndi dothi ndikusasunthika. Ndiye, ndi lakuthwa disinfected chida, kudula delenki, aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala osachepera atatu pseudobulbs (zimayambira) ndi achinyamata mphukira. Malo a mabala ayenera kuwaza ndi adamulowetsa makala, yokutidwa ndi munda phula kapena phala lapadera pofuna kuchiza kuwonongeka kwa zomera.

Zodula. Iyi ndi njira yovuta kwambiri yofalitsira dendrobium orchid, koma sizopweteka kwambiri chomeracho.

Mphukira zakale zimadulidwa mzidutswa ndi ma internodes angapo, magawo amawazidwa ndi makala kapena ophimbidwa. Zodulidwazo zimayikidwa pa sphagnum wothira mu wowonjezera kutentha (pulasitiki kapena galasi chidebe choyenera) kapena m'thumba. Wowonjezera kutentha amasungidwa pamalo otentha owala (20 - 25 ° C) ndi kuyatsa kosiyana, tsiku lililonse amatsegulidwa kuti apume mpweya ndipo gawo lapansi limanyowa nthawi ndi nthawi. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, mphukira zazing'ono ziyenera kuonekera m'malo odulidwa. Zikamera mizu, zimatha kuikidwa m'mitsuko yosiyana.

Kuyika Dendrobium orchid kunyumba

Mizu ya dendrobium ndi yofooka kwambiri ndipo imawonongeka mosavuta, choncho iyenera kubzalidwa pokhapokha pakufunika. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zosinthira orchid:

  • chomeracho chaposa mphamvu zake ndipo mizu imapitirira;
  • mizu imawola (zifukwa za izi zidzakambidwa pansipa);
  • dothi mumphika silinasinthe kwa zaka zingapo ndipo likufunika kusinthidwa.

Mosiyana ndi phalaenopsis, dendrobium imafuna chidebe chosawoneka bwino kuti chibzalidwe. Dendrobiums nthawi zambiri amabzalidwa pambuyo pa maluwa, mitundu yochedwa maluwa imatha kubzalidwa kumapeto kwa masika, mphukira zazing'ono zikamaliza kukula.

Chidebe chatsopanocho chiyenera kukhala chokulirapo pang'ono kuposa choyambirira. Pansi pake pamayikidwa ngalande ya miyala kapena zinyalala. Mukabzala, dendrobium orchid imachotsedwa mosamala mumphika, mizu imamasulidwa m'nthaka, zowonongeka zonse zimachotsedwa ndi makala ophwanyidwa, var kapena wothandizila wina wofanana nawo. Zigawozo zikauma, mbewuyo imayikidwa mumphika ndikukutidwa mosamala ndi dothi, osayipondereza komanso osagona mphukira zazing'ono. Pambuyo pa kubzala, mbewuyo imayikidwa pamalo amthunzi kwa masabata 2-3 ndipo osathiriridwa kwa masiku 3-4.

Matenda a Dendrobium orchid

Matenda a fungal ndi mabakiteriya. Amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi zomera zomwe zimasungidwa m'malo osayenera: kusowa kwa kuyatsa, chinyezi chochepa kwambiri kapena kuthirira kosasintha.

Chizindikiro choyamba cha matenda a dendrobium orchid ndi mawanga akuda kapena abulauni pamasamba, nthawi zina okhala ndi mkombero wopepuka. Malo amodzi angakhale chifukwa chovulala mwangozi kapena kupsa ndi dzuwa, koma ngati madontho awonjezeka kukula kapena chiwerengero, ndiye kuti ndi matenda.

Kupulumutsa dendrobium orchid ku matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bowa ndi mabakiteriya, mikhalidwe yotsekeredwa imasinthidwa, magawo omwe akhudzidwa amachotsedwa, magawowo amawazidwa ndi kaboni kapena cauterized ndi ayodini. Kenako mbewuyo imathandizidwa ndi mankhwala aliwonse a fungicidal oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba.

Muzu ndi zowola maziko a pseudobulbs. Nthawi zambiri, matenda a dendrobium ndi chifukwa cha kuthirira kwambiri ndi kusakhazikika kwa chinyezi komanso kusefukira kwa maziko a pseudobulb.

Mizu ikawola, mbewuyo iyenera kubzalidwa nthawi yomweyo mu gawo latsopano. Izi zisanachitike, zigawo zowola za mizu zimachotsedwa, magawowo amawaza ndi makala oyendetsedwa. Ngati maziko a tsinde awola, madera ovunda amachotsedwa (ngati zitawonongeka kwambiri, zimayambira zonse), zigawozo zimatetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mbewuyo imathandizidwa ndi fungicidal kukonzekera.

Tizilombo ta dendrobium orchids

Dendrobium imakhala pachiwopsezo cha tizirombo ta m'nyumba: akangaude, tizilombo tambiri, nsabwe za m'masamba, mealybugs, thrips ndi whiteflies.

Njira zowononga tizirombo za Dendrobium ndizofanana ndi zomera zina zamkati. Kuchokera ku mealybug, kangaude ndi whitefly, ngati zilipo zochepa, zimathandiza kutsuka bwino chomeracho ndi sopo wapakhomo kapena wapadera wobiriwira, ndi bwino kuchita izi 2-3 ndi nthawi ya masiku angapo.

Zikawonongeka kwambiri ndi tizirombozi, komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono kapena ma thrips, chithandizo chokhacho chokonzekera mwapadera cha agrochemical chimathandiza: Actellik, Fitoverm (3) kapena ena omwe ali ndi zofanana.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Momwe mungasankhire dendrobium orchid?
Osagula orchid yomwe mumakonda pakanthawi kochepa - ikhoza kukukhumudwitsani kwambiri. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dendrobium ili ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pamikhalidwe, kuphatikiza kutentha: mitundu ina imafuna zoziziritsa kukhosi m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza m'nyumba yamzindawu. Musanagule, werengani zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena yosakanizidwa yomwe mumakonda, yesani zovuta kuzisamalira ndi kuthekera kwanu.

Mukamagula, yang'anani mosamala dendrobium kuti muwone kuwonongeka ndi zizindikiro za tizirombo. Ndi bwino kusunga dendrobium yogulidwa kwa masabata 2-3 "payekha" - mosiyana ndi zomera zina zapakhomo, chifukwa imatha kutenga kachilomboka osati ndi tizirombo tobisika, komanso mavairasi kapena mabakiteriya.

Ndi mitundu iti ya dendrobium yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri m'nyumba?
Kwa iwo omwe sali okonzeka kuwononga nthawi yochulukirapo komanso kuyesetsa kuti apange mikhalidwe ya zomera ndikuzisamalira, Dendrobium phalaenopsis, Dendrobium moniliforme, Dendrobium Nobile hybrids, King's Dendrobium ndi oyenera.
Chifukwa chiyani dendrobium sichimaphuka?
Pali zifukwa zingapo:

- chomeracho ndi chaching'ono kwambiri - ma dendrobium omwe amakula kuchokera ku cuttings nthawi zambiri amaphuka kwa zaka 2-3;

- kuyatsa kosakwanira - muyenera kukonzanso mbewu pamalo owala kapena kupereka zowunikira zina;

- nthawi yopumula imasokonekera - ngati panthawi yopuma (kwa mitundu yomwe ili nayo) mbewuyo imasungidwa pa kutentha kosayenera kapena - imalandira kuthirira kwambiri, ikhoza kuphuka konse, nthawi zina, m'malo mwa maluwa; mphukira zazing'ono zimapangika pachomera;

kuthirira kwambiri pakupanga masamba - izi zitha kuchititsa kuti masambawo asakule kapena kugwa;

- chipinda chodzaza - ma dendrobium amafunika kupeza mpweya wabwino.

Kodi dendrobium yabwino kwambiri kwa oyamba ndi iti?
Ma dendrobium ndi osiyana kwambiri, ma dendrobium moniliforme ndioyenera kukonzanso amateur kunyumba - amamva bwino pamawindo athu, ndipo ndikosavuta kukwaniritsa maluwa awo kuposa dendrobium nobile, akutero. katswiri wa zamoyo, wosonkhanitsa zomera zosawerengeka Elena Kostrova.
Ndizovuta ziti zomwe oyamba kumene amakhala nazo akamakula dendrobium nobile?
Dendrobium nobile sichomera chophweka kwambiri kukhala pawindo lathu, chifukwa maluwa amafunikira kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku wa 5 - 10 ° C, chinyezi cha 70 - 80% ndi kuwala kowala popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndizovuta kwambiri kupereka zinthu zoterezi m'nyumba pawindo. Koma, mwina, cholakwika chofunikira kwambiri cha okonda ma orchid awa ndikuthirira kwambiri m'nthawi ya autumn-yozizira, ngakhale kuti dendrobium nobile imafuna nthawi yopuma, akufotokoza. katswiri wa zamoyo Elena Kostrova.
Kodi dendrobium nobile imafuna kuunikira m'nyengo yozizira?
Osasowa. Nobile dendrobiums amafunikira nthawi yopumira kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Marichi, panthawiyi kuthirira kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kukhala kochepa ndipo mbewuyo iyenera kuloledwa kugawanso shuga m'matenda kuti ikule ndi maluwa. Kuwunikira ndi kuthirira kumalimbikitsa zomera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sipadzakhala nthawi yogona ndipo palibe chifukwa chodikirira maluwa, - akutero. katswiri wa zamoyo Elena Kostrova.
Malo abwino oti mugule dendrobium kuti mupeze mbewu yathanzi ndi kuti?
 Pali ma hybrid dendrobium nobile amitundu yosiyanasiyana mumaketani azinthu zanyumba ndi dimba. Osagula mbewu zotsika mtengo - zidakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo ogulitsa, pomwe zidasungidwa mopepuka, zowumitsidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi kusefukira, zofooka komanso kutengeka ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Sankhani chomera chathanzi kuchokera kuzinthu zatsopano, - amalimbikitsa katswiri wa zamoyo Elena Kostrova.

Ma Moniliform dendrobiums, omwe ali oyenera kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene, sapezeka m'masitolo amaketani, muyenera kugula zomera izi kuchokera kwa osonkhanitsa, pali zambiri zoperekedwa tsopano. Musanasankhe, onetsetsani kuti mwawerenga ndemanga pa intaneti za wogulitsa.

Magwero a

  1. Averyanov LV Chinsinsi cha orchids (Orchidaceae Juss.) ya Vietnam // St. Petersburg: Dziko ndi banja, 1994 - 432 p.
  2. Hawkes AD Encyclopaedia of orchids wolimidwa // Faber ndi Faber, London, (1965) 1987.
  3. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation
  4. https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii-i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/

Siyani Mumakonda