Zamkatimu
Popanga moŵa waumisiri, moŵa wamitundumitundu wawonekera pamashelefu am'sitolo. Kumvetsetsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pilsners, IPAs, stouts ndi porters kungakhale kovuta. Ndipotu, pali mitundu iwiri yokha ya zakumwa za thovu - ale ndi lager. Mowa womalizawu nthawi zambiri umadziwika ngati mowa wapamwamba kwambiri. Kenako, tiyeni tiwone kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya mowa molingana ndi ukadaulo wopanga, kukoma ndi chikhalidwe chakumwa.
Zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga ale ndi lager
Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti moŵa aziphika ndi yisiti. Iwo ali ndi udindo pa njira nayonso mphamvu pa nayonso mphamvu ndikusintha shuga kukhala carbon dioxide ndi mowa. Ale yisiti imakonda kutentha kwambiri - mpaka 18 mpaka 24 °C. Mitunduyi ikugwira ntchito mwachangu kumtunda kwa thanki, komwe kuli wort. Chifukwa chake, ale amatchedwa mowa wapamwamba kwambiri.
Mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la XNUMX, mowa wonse, mosapatula, udali m'gulu la ma ales. Kapangidwe ka moŵa kameneka kakhalapo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, chifukwa mtundu wa hoppy wofufumitsa kwambiri umalekerera kutentha kwambiri. Kalekale ku Ulaya, mowa wonyezimira komanso wonyezimira pang'ono unali chakudya chofunikira kwambiri komanso mkate. Mowa wochepa unapha majeremusi, choncho ale analowa m'malo mwa madzi m'mayiko a ku Ulaya.
Yisiti ya Lager imagwira ntchito kwambiri pakatentha kwambiri ndipo imafufuta pansi pa thanki. Moŵa wopanda chofufumitsa unachititsidwa upainiya ndi opangira moŵa Achijeremani amene anapeza kuti kuŵitsa moŵa m’mitsuko ya ale kumapitiriza pamene kusungidwa m’mapanga ozizira. Chotsatira chake chinali moŵa wopepuka, wamphamvu, wofewa pang’ono umene unali wotchuka m’malo ochitiramo mowa akale. Mu 1516, lamulo la Bavaria la "Pa chiyero cha mowa" linaperekedwa, lomwe linaletsa kupanga mowa wopanda chofufumitsa m'miyezi yachilimwe.
Yisiti ya Lager inayamba kudzipatula mu mawonekedwe ake oyera mu 1883. Popeza kuti mitunduyo inali ndi zochepa zowonjezera zachilendo, mowa wotsekemera pansi unkasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo unali wopindulitsa kuupanga. Choncho, pang'onopang'ono lager inayamba kusintha ale, yomwe inali ndi moyo wamfupi kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafiriji kofala kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kupanga lager mosasamala kanthu za nthawi ya chaka.
Kukoma kusiyana pakati pa ale ndi lager
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ale ndi lager makamaka kumakhudzana ndi maluwa okongola. Pamene yisiti ya ale imafufuma pakatentha kwambiri, imatulutsa ma esters ndi phenolic mankhwala omwe amapereka zipatso ndi zokometsera. Mitundu yamtundu waku Belgian imapatsa zakumwa zokometsera zosiyanasiyana. Opangira ukadaulo amaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma hop okhala ndi yisiti yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndikuwotcha mowa wokhala ndi mango, chinanazi, vanila, nthochi ndi zipatso za citrus.
Yisiti yamchere imapatsa mowawo kukoma koyera komanso kwatsopano, kolamulidwa ndi kuwawa kwa ma hop ndi mamvekedwe a balere. M'malingaliro a anthu ambiri, mowa weniweni ndi wopepuka, wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi mutu wokhuthala wa thovu. Komabe, uku ndi chinyengo chabe. Mtundu wa yisiti sukhudza mtundu wa chakumwa. Mowa wothira pamwamba ndi pansi ukhoza kukhala wopepuka kapena wakuda, kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuwotcha kapena kusungunuka kwa balere.
Komabe, mowa wambiri pamsikawu umasankhidwa kukhala ma lager, omwe amakwaniritsa zomwe ogula amayembekezera. Ale ndi yofala pakati pa opanga moŵa chifukwa safuna zipangizo zodula ndipo imakhala ndi nthawi yokhwima ya masiku asanu ndi awiri. Mowa umaphikidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ndikugulitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, kuti usakhale akasinja kwa nthawi yayitali.
M'zaka za m'ma 1970, chikhumbo cha opanga kukondweretsa ogula chinachititsa kuti ma lager anataya khalidwe lawo ndipo anasiya kusiyana wina ndi mzake. Kutsika kwa chiwongola dzanja cha moŵa kunakakamiza makampani kuyesa masitayelo ndikubweza zomwe zili ndi ester yotsika ku ma lager.
Pakadali pano, masitayelo osakanizidwa awoneka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu umodzi wa yisiti popanga, koma kupesa kumachitika pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kutsika. Ukadaulo umapangitsa kuti munthu azitha kupeza mowa waukhondo komanso wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi kukoma kwake.
Chikhalidwe cha ntchito
Lager yapamwamba imathetsa ludzu bwino, ndipo mitundu yofooka imatha kudyedwa popanda zokhwasula-khwasula kapena zokhwasula-khwasula. Mitundu yopepuka imayenda bwino ndi pizza, agalu otentha, komanso mbale zodziwika bwino za Fish & Chips ku UK - nsomba zokazinga ndi zokazinga za ku France. Czech pilsner ndiyoyenera soseji yokazinga, nsomba zam'madzi, nyama yokazinga. Mitundu ya lager yakuda imapanga awiri agastronomic ndi tchizi okhwima ndi nyama zosuta.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ale ndi yabwino ndi mitundu ina ya zakudya. Zosakaniza zovomerezeka:
- IPA (Indian pale ale) - nsomba zamafuta, burgers, mbale zaku Thai;
- mdima wakuda - nyama yofiira, tchizi zokometsera, lasagna, bowa wophika;
- porter ndi stout - nyama yokazinga ndi soseji, oyster, chokoleti chakuda;
- saison - nkhuku yophikidwa ndi adyo, msuzi wa nsomba, mbuzi tchizi;
- uchi ndi zokometsera zokometsera - masewera, soseji.
Mowa wamtundu uliwonse uli ndi gawo lake. Magalasi amaledzera nthawi zambiri kuchokera kumagalasi aatali kapena makapu amowa okhala ndi mphamvu ya malita 0,56. Mitundu yakuda imaperekedwa m'magalasi akulu ooneka ngati tulip. Magalasi amtundu wa ale amatchedwa ma pints ndipo ndi owoneka ngati cylindrical okhala ndi nsonga yoyaka komanso pansi kwambiri. Ma stouts amphamvu, onyamula katundu ndi ma ales akuda amatha kutsanuliridwa mu magalasi a tulip ndi zikho zooneka ngati mwachizolowezi.