Kupuma movutikira ndi vuto la kupuma lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi malingaliro achilendo komanso osasangalatsa a kupuma. Kuthamanga kwa kupuma kumasinthidwa; imathamanga kapena imachepa. Nthawi yopuma komanso nthawi yopuma imatha kukhudzidwa.

Nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "dyspnea", komanso "kuvuta kupuma", kuvutika kupuma kumabweretsa kusapeza bwino, kumangika komanso kupuma movutikira. Kupuma kulikonse kumakhala kuyesetsa ndipo sikukhalanso kwadzidzidzi

Zomwe zimayambitsa kupuma kovuta ndi mtima ndi mapapo.

Zomwe zimayambitsa m'mapapo zimayamba makamaka ndi matenda olepheretsa:

• Matenda a mphumu amatha kusokoneza kupuma. Pachifukwa ichi, minofu yozungulira mgwirizano wa bronchi, yomwe imachepetsa malo omwe mpweya ungadutse, minofu yomwe ili mkati mwa bronchi (= bronchial mucosa) imakwiyitsa ndiyeno imatulutsa zotsekemera zambiri (= ntchentche) , kuonjezera kuchepetsa danga kudzera. mpweya umene ukhoza kuyenda.
• Matenda a bronchitis amatha kukhala magwero a vuto la kupuma; bronchi ndi kutupa ndi kuyambitsa chifuwa ndi kulavulira.
• Mu pulmonary emphysema, kukula kwa mapapo kumawonjezeka ndikukula mosadziwika bwino. Makamaka, nthiti khola relaxes ndi kukhala wosakhazikika, limodzi ndi kugwa kwa airways, mwachitsanzo kupuma kovuta.
• Zovuta zobwera chifukwa cha matenda a coronavirus zimathanso kuyambitsa kupuma movutikira. 

Zifukwa zina zam'mapapo ndi matenda oletsa:

• Dyspnea imatha chifukwa cha pulmonary fibrosis. Ndiko kusintha kwa minofu ya m'mapapo kupita ku minofu ya pathological fibrous. Fibrosis iyi imapezeka m'malo apakati-alveolar, pomwe kusinthana kwa mpweya wa oxygen kumachitika.
• Kuchotsa mapapu kapena kufooka kwa minofu monga momwe zimakhalira ndi myopathy kungayambitse kupuma

Zifukwa za mtima ndi izi:

• Kusakhazikika kwa ma valve a mtima kapena kulephera kwa mtima komwe kungayambitse kufooka kwa mtima ndi kusintha kwamphamvu m'mitsempha yomwe ingakhudze mapapo ndipo imatha kusokoneza kupuma.
• Mtima ukalephera kugwira bwino ntchito, magazi amasonkhana m’mapapo omwe amalephereka kugwira ntchito yake yopuma. Edema ya m'mapapo imapangika, ndipo kupuma kumatha kuwoneka.
• Dyspnea imatha kuchitika panthawi ya infarction ya myocardial; mphamvu ya mtima yolumikizana ndiye imachepetsedwa chifukwa cha necrosis (= kufa kwa cell) ya mbali ya minofu ya mtima yomwe imayambitsa chilonda pamtima.
• Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa pulmonary arterial resistance yomwe imayambitsa kulephera kwa mtima komanso kumapangitsa kupuma kukhala kovuta.

Zowawa zina monga mungu kapena zowawa ndi nkhungu kapena kunenepa kwambiri (komwe kumalimbikitsa moyo wongokhala) kumatha kuyambitsa vuto la kupuma.

Kupuma kovuta kungakhalenso kofatsa komanso chifukwa cha nkhawa kwambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za nkhawa. Ngati mukukayika, musazengereze kukaonana ndi dokotala. 

Dyspnea imatha kuyambitsa kulephera kwa mtima kapena pneumothorax (= matenda a pleura). Zingathenso kuwononga ubongo ngati ubongo sunaperekedwe ndi okosijeni kwakanthawi.

Kuvuta kwambiri, kupuma kungayambitse kumangidwa kwa mtima chifukwa pamenepa, mpweya sumayendanso bwino m'magazi kupita kumtima.

Choyamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchiza chifukwa cha dyspnea kuti athe kuchepetsa kapena kuimitsa. Kuti muchite izi, funsani dokotala.

Kenako, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse kungathandize kupuma bwino chifukwa kumalepheretsa moyo wongokhala.

Pomaliza, ganizirani kupanga nthawi yokumana ndi dokotala kuti adziwe matenda omwe angakhalepo monga pulmonary emphysema, pulmonary edema kapena matenda oopsa kwambiri omwe angayambitse dyspnea.