Diphtheria ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri a bakiteriya omwe amafalikira pakati pa anthu ndipo amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe zingayambitse kupuma komanso kupuma. Diphtheria yayambitsa miliri yowononga padziko lonse m’mbiri yonse ya anthu, ndipo chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 7, matendawa anali akadali amene amayambitsa kufa kwa makanda ku France. Sichikupezekanso m'mayiko otukuka kumene milandu yosowa kwambiri imatumizidwa kunja. Komabe, matendawa akadali vuto lathanzi m’madera ena padziko lapansi kumene katemera wa ana si wachizoloŵezi. Milandu yopitilira 000 idanenedwa ku WHO padziko lonse lapansi mu 2014. (1)

Kusiyanitsa kumapangidwa pakati pa kupuma kwa diphtheria ndi diphtheria ya cutaneous.

Pambuyo makulitsidwe nthawi ya masiku awiri kapena asanu, matenda kumaonekera ngati zilonda zapakhosi: mkwiyo wa pakhosi, malungo, kutupa kwa tiziwalo timene timatulutsa m`khosi. Matendawa amadziwika ndi mapangidwe oyera kapena imvi nembanemba pakhosi ndipo nthawi zina mphuno, kuchititsa vuto kumeza ndi kupuma (mu Greek, "diphtheria" amatanthauza "membrane").

Pankhani ya cutaneous diphtheria, makamaka kumadera otentha, nembanemba izi zimapezeka pamlingo wa bala.

Diphtheria imayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, zomwe zimawononga minyewa yapakhosi. Zimapanga poizoni zomwe zimapangitsa kuti minofu yakufa iwunjike (zokopa zabodza) zomwe zimatha mpaka kutsekereza mayendedwe a mpweya. Poizoniyu amathanso kufalikira m'magazi ndikuwononga mtima, impso ndi dongosolo lamanjenje.

Mitundu ina iwiri ya mabakiteriya imatha kutulutsa poizoni wa diphtheria ndipo imayambitsa matenda: Matenda a Corynebacterium et Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

Diphtheria yopumira imafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu kudzera m'malovu omwe amawonekera panthawi ya chifuwa ndi kuyetsemula. Kenako mabakiteriyawa amalowa m’mphuno ndi m’kamwa. Cutaneous diphtheria, yomwe imapezeka m'madera otentha, imafalikira pokhudzana ndi bala.

Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti, mosiyana Corynebacterium diphtheriae omwe amapatsirana kuchokera kwa munthu kupita kwa munthu, mabakiteriya ena awiri omwe amayambitsa diphtheria amapatsirana kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu (awa ndi zoonoses):

• Matenda a Corynebacterium amapatsirana ndi kuyamwa mkaka wosaphika kapena kukhudzana ndi ng'ombe ndi ziweto.
• Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, chosowa kwambiri, chimafalikira pokhudzana ndi mbuzi.

M'madera athu, ndi nthawi yachisanu kuti diphtheria imapezeka kawirikawiri, koma m'madera otentha imawonedwa chaka chonse. Kufalikira kwa miliri kumakhudza mosavuta madera omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri.

Katemera

Katemera wa ana ndi wokakamizidwa. Bungwe la World Health Organization limalimbikitsa kuti katemerayu aziperekedwa limodzi ndi katemera wa tetanus ndi pertussis (DCT), pakatha masabata 6, 10 ndi 14, kenako amawombera mowonjezera zaka 10 zilizonse. Katemera amalepheretsa kufa kwa 2 mpaka 3 miliyoni kuchokera ku diphtheria, kafumbata, pertussis ndi chikuku chaka chilichonse padziko lonse lapansi, malinga ndi kuyerekezera kwa WHO. (2)

Mankhwalawa

Mankhwalawa amakhala ndi kupereka anti-diphtheria seramu mwachangu momwe angathere kuti aletse zochita za poizoni wopangidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Wodwalayo atha kuyikidwa m'malo opumira kwa masiku angapo kuti asapatsidwe ndi anthu omwe amakhala pafupi naye. Pafupifupi 10 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi diphtheria amamwalira, ngakhale atalandira chithandizo, WHO ikuchenjeza.