Colin Campbell, wasayansi waku America, adachita kafukufuku wamkulu pa ubale pakati pa zakudya ndi thanzi. Iye anafotokoza zotsatira za ntchito yapadziko lonse imeneyi m’buku lake lakuti The China Study.
96% ya anthu ochokera m'maboma opitilira 2400 ku China adafunsidwa. Milandu yonse ya imfa ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa inaphunziridwa. Only mu 2-3% ya milandu zilonda zotupa ndi chifukwa chibadwa zinthu. Choncho, asayansi anayamba kuyang'ana ubale wa matenda ndi moyo, zakudya ndi chilengedwe.
Ubale pakati pa khansa ndi kadyedwe kake ukuwonekera bwino. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani za khansa ya m’mawere. Pali zifukwa zingapo zazikulu zowopsa zomwe zimachitika, ndipo zakudya zimakhudza mawonetseredwe awo m'njira yoonekeratu. Choncho, zakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni a nyama ndi zakudya zowonongeka zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni achikazi ndi mafuta a kolesterolini m'magazi - izi ndi zinthu za 2 zomwe zingayambitse kukula kwa zotupa za khansa.
Pankhani ya khansa ya m'matumbo, ulalo umakhala womveka bwino. Pofika zaka 70, anthu ambiri m'mayiko omwe zakudya za kumadzulo zimatengedwa kukhala chotupa cha m'matumbo aakulu. Chifukwa cha izi ndikuyenda pang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzaza ndi zakudya zama carbohydrate oyengedwa, komanso kuchepa kwa fiber muzakudya.
Asayansi apeza kuti chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a olemera ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi. Pamene mafuta a kolesterolini ali okwera, sikuti mtima wokha ukhoza kuvutika, komanso chiwindi, matumbo, mapapo, chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'magazi, khansa ya ubongo, matumbo, mapapo, m'mawere, m'mimba, m'mimba, ndi zina zotero.
Ngati titenga chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi ngati maziko: ndikukula bwino, anthu amayamba kudya nyama zambiri ndi mkaka, mwa kuyankhula kwina, mapuloteni ambiri a nyama, omwe amachititsa kuti cholesterol ipangidwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, panthawi yophunzira, mgwirizano wabwino unapezeka pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nyama ndi kuwonjezeka kwa cholesterol. Ndipo m'malo omwe zakudya zidapezedwa ndi anthu, makamaka kuchokera ku zakudya zamasamba, kulumikizana kunapezeka ndi kuchepa kwa cholesterol m'magazi.
Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane matenda omwe amapezeka kwa anthu ochokera kumadera olemera kwambiri.
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za infarction ya myocardial - atherosclerotic plaques - ndi mafuta mwa iwo okha, ndipo imakhala ndi mapuloteni, mafuta ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimadziunjikira mkati mwa makoma a mitsempha. Mu 1961, asayansi ochokera ku National Heart Institute adachita kafukufuku wotchuka wa Framingham Heart Study. Udindo wofunikira momwemo udaperekedwa ku chikoka pamtima pazinthu monga cholesterol, masewera olimbitsa thupi, zakudya, kusuta komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi. Mpaka pano, kafukufukuyu akupitilira, ndipo m'badwo wachinayi wa anthu okhala ku Framingham wagonjetsedwa. Asayansi adapeza kuti amuna omwe ali ndi cholesterol m'magazi opitilira 6,3 mmol amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi matenda amtima.
Lester Morrison mu 1946 adayamba kafukufuku kuti adziwe mgwirizano pakati pa zakudya ndi matenda a atherosclerosis. Kwa gulu lina la odwala amene anapulumuka ku matenda a myocardial infarction, iye analimbikitsa kusadya bwino, ndipo kwa ena anachepetsa kwambiri kudya kwawo mafuta ndi mafuta m’thupi. Mu gulu experimental analetsedwa kudya: nyama, mkaka, zonona, batala, dzira yolks, mkate, ndiwo zochuluka mchere wokonzedwa ntchito mankhwala. Zotsatira zake zinali zodabwitsa kwambiri: pambuyo pa zaka 8, 24% yokha ya anthu ochokera ku gulu loyamba (zakudya zachikhalidwe) adakhalabe ndi moyo. Mu gulu loyesera, ochuluka monga 56% adapulumuka.
Mu 1969, kafukufuku wina adasindikizidwa wokhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amafa ndi matenda amtima m'maiko osiyanasiyana. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mayiko monga Yugoslavia, India, Papua New Guinea sadwala matenda a mtima konse. M’mayikowa, anthu amadya zakudya zomanga thupi zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso zakudya zomanga thupi, komanso amadya mbewu zambiri, masamba, ndi zipatso.
Wasayansi wina, Caldwell Esselstyn, adayesa odwala ake. Cholinga chake chachikulu chinali kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi awo mpaka 3,9 mmol / L. Kafukufukuyu adakhudza anthu omwe ali ndi mitima yopanda thanzi - odwala 18 pamagulu onsewa anali ndi milandu 49 ya kuipiraipira kwa mtima m'miyoyo yawo, kuchokera ku angina kupita ku sitiroko ndi matenda a myocardial infarction. Kumayambiriro kwa kafukufukuyu, mulingo wapakati wa cholesterol udafika 6.4 mmol / l. Pa pulogalamuyo, mulingo uwu udatsitsidwa mpaka 3,4 mmol / l, ngakhale wotsika kuposa momwe tafotokozera pantchito yofufuza. Ndiye chinali chiyani chenicheni cha kuyesako? Dr. Esselstyn anawatsogolera ku zakudya zomwe zimapewa nyama, kupatulapo yogati yamafuta ochepa ndi mkaka. Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, pafupifupi 70% ya odwala adakumana ndi kutseguka kwa mitsempha yotsekeka.
Osatchulapo kafukufuku wodziwika bwino wa Healing the Heart with Healthy Lifestyle, momwe Dr. Dean Ornish ankachitira odwala ake ndi zakudya zopanda mafuta, zotengera zomera. Analamula kuti alandire kuchokera ku mafuta 10% yokha ya zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwanjira zina, izi zimakumbukira zakudya za Douglas Graham 80/10/10. Odwala amatha kudya zakudya zamasamba zambiri monga momwe amafunira: masamba, zipatso, mbewu. Komanso, pulogalamu yokonzanso inaphatikizapo kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi katatu pa sabata, masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kupuma. Mu 3% ya maphunzirowo, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa mafuta a kolesterolini, kuchepa kwa kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ndipo palibe milandu yobwereza matenda amtima.
“Matenda a olemera” ena, modabwitsa, ndi onenepa kwambiri. Ndipo chifukwa chake ndi chofanana - kumwa kwambiri mafuta odzaza. Ngakhale ponena za zopatsa mphamvu, 1 g yamafuta imakhala ndi 9 kcal, pomwe 1 g ya mapuloteni ndi chakudya imakhala ndi 4 kcal iliyonse. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira zikhalidwe zaku Asia zomwe zakhala zikudya zakudya zamasamba kwazaka zambiri, ndipo pakati pawo sipakhala anthu onenepa kwambiri. Kunenepa kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumatsagana ndi mtundu wa 5 shuga. Monga matenda ambiri osachiritsika, matenda a shuga amapezeka kwambiri m'madera ena padziko lapansi kuposa ena. Harold Himsworth adachita kafukufuku wamkulu woyerekeza zakudya komanso kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga. Kafukufukuyu adakhudza mayiko 20: Japan, USA, Holland, Great Britain, Italy. Wasayansiyo anapeza kuti m’mayiko ena anthu ankadya makamaka chakudya cha nyama, pamene m’mayiko ena munali chakudya chochuluka cha chakudya. Pamene kudya kwa ma carbohydrate kukuchulukirachulukira komanso kudya kwamafuta kumachepa, chiwopsezo cha kufa ndi matenda a shuga chimatsika kuchoka pa 3 mpaka 100 pa anthu 000 aliwonse.
Mfundo ina yochititsa chidwi ndi yakuti pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse komanso itatha, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa moyo wa anthu ambiri, zakudya zinasintha kwambiri, kudya masamba ndi tirigu kunawonjezeka, komanso kudya mafuta kunachepa, kuchuluka kwa matenda a shuga, kunenepa kwambiri, matenda a mtima ndi khansa kunachepa kwambiri. . Komano, imfa za matenda opatsirana ndi ena ogwirizanitsidwa ndi mikhalidwe yoipa ya moyo yawonjezereka. Komabe, m’zaka za m’ma 1950, pamene anthu anayambanso kudya mafuta ambiri ndi shuga, “matenda a anthu olemera” anayambanso kuwonjezeka.
Kodi ichi si chifukwa choganizira za kuchepetsa kudya mafuta okhuta n’kuyamba kudya zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi mbewu?