Nkhanza za m'banja, ndani woti mukumane naye?

Mu lipoti lake la Julayi 2019, a Delegation of Assistance to Victims (DAV) adalengeza poyera ziwerengero zakuphana kwa banjali mchaka cha 2018. Kuphana 149 kudachitika m'mabanja, kuphatikiza akazi 121 ndi amuna 28. Azimayi ndi omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza zapakhomo: 78% ya omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza zapakhomo zolembedwa ndi apolisi ndi mautumiki a amuna ndi akazi, malinga ndi ziwerengero za Observatory of nkhanza kwa amayi.

Choncho akuyerekezedwa kuti mu France masiku 2,8 aliwonse, mkazi amafa chifukwa cha kumenyedwa kwa mnzake womuchitira nkhanza. Amayi okwana 225 pachaka amachitiridwa nkhanza zakuthupi kapena zakugonana zomwe zimachitidwa ndi okondedwa awo akale kapena apano. Amayi atatu (3) mwa amayi anayi (4) aliwonse ochitiridwa nkhanza akuti akhala akuzunzidwa mobwerezabwereza, ndipo akazi 8 mwa 10 alionse ochitiridwa nkhanza amanena kuti nawonso amachitiridwa chipongwe m’maganizo kapena kuchitiridwa chipongwe.

Chifukwa chake kufunikira kokhazikitsa njira zenizeni zotetezera omwe akuchitiridwa nkhanza zapakhomo ndikuwathandiza kuthetsa vutolo, nthawi isanathe.

Nkhanza za m'banja: makamaka zochitika zabwino

Ngati nkhanza mbanja mwatsoka zitha kuchitika nthawi ina iliyonse, popanda kutero zizindikiro zochenjeza, kwaonedwa kuti zochitika zina, zochitika zina, zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha mkazi kuchitidwa nkhanza, ndi kuti mwamuna azichita nkhanza zoterezi. Nazi zochepa:

• -kusemphana maganizo kapena kusakhutira m'banja;
• - ulamuliro wa amuna m'banja;
• - mimba ndi kubwera kwa mwana;
• - chilengezo cha kupatukana kogwira mtima kapena kupatukana;
• - mgwirizano wokakamiza;
• -kudzipatula pagulu ;
• -zovuta komanso zovuta (mavuto azachuma, mikangano mwa okwatirana, etc.);
• - amuna omwe ali ndi zibwenzi zambiri;
• - kusiyana kwa zaka m'banja, makamaka pamene wozunzidwayo ali ndi zaka zochepa kusiyana ndi mwamuna kapena mkazi wake;
• -kusiyana pakati pa maphunziro, pamene mkazi ndi wophunzira kwambiri kuposa mwamuna wake.

La mowa ilinso pachiwopsezo cha nkhanza zapakhomo, wapezeka mu 22 mpaka 55% ya olakwira ndi 8 mpaka 25% mwa ozunzidwa. Zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwambiri za chiwawa, koma nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zoopsa zina kapena zochitika zina.

Ndi chitetezo chotani chomwe chingatheke kwa omwe akuchitiridwa nkhanza zapakhomo?

Ngati muli ndi kudandaula, njira zodzitetezera mwamsanga zingatengedwe ndi woweruza milandu, monga kuletsa wolakwirayo kufika kwa wozunzidwayo, kupita kumadera ena pafupipafupi, kubisa adilesi ya wozunzidwayo, udindo wotsatira wolembayo kapenanso kuikidwa m'ndende kwakanthawi komanso kuperekedwa kwa foni yachitetezo, akuti "foni zoopsa kwambiri", Kapena TGD.

Foni yowopsa kwambiri ili ndi kiyi yodzipatulira, yomwe imalola wozunzidwayo kuti alowe nawo, pakagwa ngozi yayikulu, chithandizo chakutali chopezeka masiku 7 pa sabata ndi maola 7 patsiku. Ngati izi zikufunika, ntchitoyi imadziwitsa apolisi nthawi yomweyo. Chipangizochi chimalolanso kuti geolocation ya wopindula.

Zosadziwika komanso zogwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, dongosolo lina likhoza kukhazikitsidwa musanapereke madandaulo okhudza nkhanza za m’banja. Zili choncho chilolezo chachitetezo, choperekedwa ndi woweruza wa khothi la mabanja. Njira yodzitchinjiriza yadzidzidzi, dongosolo lachitetezo litha kukhazikitsidwa mwachangu, chifukwa kuchedwa kwamayendedwe kumakhala kofulumira (pafupifupi mwezi umodzi). Kuti tichite izi, m'pofunika kulanda woweruza milandu m'banja mwa pempho loperekedwa kapena lotumizidwa ku Registry, ndi makope a zikalata zosonyeza kuopsa kumene munthu akuwonekera (zikalata zachipatala, mabuku kapena madandaulo, makope a SMS, zojambula, etc.) . Pali zitsanzo za zopempha pa intaneti, koma wina atha kuthandizidwanso ndi mabungwe kapena loya.

Ndizothekanso, popempha, kupindula kwakanthawi thandizo lazamalamulo kulipira chindapusa chalamulo ndi chindapusa chilichonse cha bailiff ndi womasulira.

Woweruza ndiye, ngati chigamulo chachitetezo chagamula, kuyikapo njira zingapo zodzitetezera kwa wozunzidwayo, koma komanso kwa ana a banjali ngati alipo. Adzakhalanso wokhoza kuona mfundo za ulamuliro wa makolo, ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zapakhomo komanso zosamalira ana ndi kuwaphunzitsa. N’zothekanso kupeza chiletso chochoka m’dzikolo n’kukakhala ndi ana.

Kulephera kutsatira njira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo lachitetezo kumapanga mlandu womwe chilango chake ndi kukakhala kundende zaka ziwiri ndi € 15 chabwino. Choncho n'zotheka kudandaula ngati wotsutsayo sakugwirizana ndi izi.

Nkhanza zapakhomo: zomanga ndi mayanjano okhudzana

Zokonzedwa bwino, tsamba la stop-violences-femmes.gouv.fr limalemba mndandanda wamagulu onse ndi mabungwe omwe alipo ku France kuti athandize ozunzidwa, kaya ndi nkhanza za m'banja kapena zamtundu wina. (kumenyedwa, nkhanza zakuthupi kapena zakugonana…). Chida chofufuzira chimakupatsani mwayi wopeza mayanjano pafupi ndi nyumba yanu. Pali mabungwe osachepera 248 ku France omwe akulimbana ndi ziwawa m'banjali.

Pakati pa mabungwe ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana olimbana ndi nkhanza kwa amayi, makamaka nkhanza za m'banja, titha kutchula ziwiri zazikulu:

• CIDFF

Bungwe la National Network of 114 Information Centers on the Rights of Women and Families (CIDFF, motsogozedwa ndi CNIDFF), limapereka chidziwitso ndi chithandizo chapadera kwa amayi omwe akuchitiridwa nkhanza. Magulu a akatswiri (maloya, akatswiri a zamaganizo, ogwira ntchito zachitukuko, alangizi a mabanja ndi maukwati, ndi zina zotero) aliponso kuti athandize amayi pazoyesayesa zawo, kutsogolera magulu a zokambirana, ndi zina zotero. Mndandanda wa CIDFF ku France ndi webusaiti yathu yonse www.infofemmes.com.

• Mtengo FNSF

Bungwe la National Federation of Women Solidarity ndi gulu lomwe limasonkhanitsa kwa zaka makumi awiri, mabungwe omenyera ufulu wachikazi omwe akugwira ntchito yolimbana ndi nkhanza zamtundu uliwonse kwa amayi, makamaka zomwe zimachitika m'banja ndi m'banja. FNSF yakhala ikuyendetsa ntchito yomvetsera ya dziko lonse kwa zaka 15: 3919. Webusaiti yake: solidaritefemmes.org.

• 3919, Chiwawa Akazi Info

3919 ndi nambala yopangidwira azimayi omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza, komanso omwe ali pafupi nawo komanso akatswiri omwe akukhudzidwa. Ndi nambala yomvera yapadziko lonse komanso yosadziwika, yofikirika komanso yaulere kumtunda waku France komanso m'madipatimenti akunja.

Nambala ndi imatsegulidwa Lolemba mpaka Loweruka, 8am mpaka 22pm komanso tchuthi chapagulu 10am mpaka 20pm (kupatula Januware 1, Meyi 1 ndi Disembala 25). Nambala iyi imapangitsa kumvetsera, kupereka zambiri, ndipo, malingana ndi zopempha, malingaliro oyenera okhudza chithandizo ndi chisamaliro chapafupi. Adati, si nambala yangozi. Pazidzidzidzi, ndikofunikira kuyimbira 15 (Samu), 17 (Apolisi), 18 (Ozimitsa moto) kapena 112 (nambala yadzidzidzi yaku Europe).

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mwachitiridwa nkhanza m’banja?

Titha, poyamba, ndipo ngati sitili pachiwopsezo nthawi yomweyo, imbani nambala yeniyeni, 3919, umene udzatitsogolera mogwirizana ndi mmene zinthu zilili pa moyo wathu. Koma njira zina ziyeneranso kuchitidwa kuti ziwawa zithe: zikuphatikiza kudandaula.

Kaya zowona ndi zakale kapena zaposachedwa, apolisi ndi ma gendarms ali ndi udindo wolembetsa madandaulo, ngakhale chikalata chachipatala sichikupezeka. Ngati simukufuna kudandaula, mutha kufotokoza za nkhanzazo popanga chidziwitso pa handrail (apolisi) kapena lipoti la judicial intelligence (gulu). Uwu ndi umboni m'kuzenga mlandu wotsatira. Chiphaso cha chiganizocho chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa wozunzidwayo, pamodzi ndi kopi yonse ya mawu awo, ngati afunsidwa.

Ngati kupeza isanayambe wakalata yachipatala yowonera ndi sing'anga si kukakamizidwa kuti apereke madandaulo chifukwa cha nkhanza zapakhomo, ndi zofunikabe. Zowonadi, satifiketi yachipatala imakhala chimodzi mwa zigawo za umboni za nkhanza zomwe zavutitsidwa panthawi ya milandu, ngakhale wozunzidwayo atapereka madandaulo patatha miyezi ingapo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyezetsa kwachipatala kumatha kulamulidwa ndi apolisi kapena gendarmerie ngati gawo la kafukufukuyu.

Woweruza milandu sangathe tchulani njira zodzitetezera ndi kutengera lamulo kwa wolakwayo pokhapokha ngati lipoti lapangidwa.

Lipotili litha kuperekedwa kwa apolisi kapena a gendarmerie, kapena woyimira boma pamilandu ndi wozunzidwayo, ndi mboni kapena munthu wodziwa zachiwawa. Ngati mukukayikira kapena mafunso okhudza zomwe mungachite, funsani 3919, yemwe angakulangizeni.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati muwona nkhanza zapakhomo?

Ngati muwona nkhanza zapakhomo pakati panu, kapena ngati mukukayikira za nkhanza zapakhomo, nenani, mwachitsanzo kwa apolisi, mabungwe othandizira anthu ozunzidwa. Musazengereze kunena kuti wozunzidwayo apite nawo kukasuma, kapena kuwauza kuti pali akatswiri ndi mabungwe omwe angawathandize ndi omwe angawakhulupirire. Komanso imbani 17, makamaka ngati vuto likuyimira ngozi yowopsa kwa wozunzidwayo.

Pankhani ya nkhanza za m'banja, ndi bwino:

• - osakayikira nkhani ya wozunzidwayo, kapena kuchepetsa udindo wa wolakwayo;
• - pewani kukhala ndi maganizo omasuka ndi wolakwayo, yemwe amafuna kusamutsira udindo kwa wozunzidwayo;
• -kuthandizira wozunzidwayo pambuyo pake, ndi ikani mawu enieni pa zomwe zinachitika (ndi mawu ngati "Lamulo limaletsa ndi kulanga machitidwe ndi mawu awa", "wochita zachiwawa ndiye yekhayo amene ali ndi udindo", "Ndikhoza kutsagana nawe kupolisi", "Ndikhoza kukulemberani umboni momwe ndikufotokozera zomwe ndinaziwona / kumva"...);
• - lemekezani chifuniro cha wozunzidwayo ndipo musamutengere chigamulo (kupatula pazochitika zoopsa komanso zoopsa mwamsanga);
• -ake pereka umboni uliwonse et umboni wolimba ngati akufuna kukanena kupolisi;
• -ngati wozunzidwayo sakufuna kudandaula nthawi yomweyo; musiyireni manambala ake, kuti adziwe komwe angayang'ane chithandizo ngati asintha malingaliro ake (chifukwa kupanga chigamulo chodandaula kungatenge nthawi kwa wozunzidwayo, makamaka ponena za nkhanza za okondedwa ndi nkhanza zogonana).

Onani kuti uphungu umenewu umagwiranso ntchito ngati wochitiridwa nkhanza m’banja akuulula zakukhosi kwa munthu amene sanaonepo chiwawacho.

Kochokera ndi zina zowonjezera: 

• https://www.stop-violences-femmes.gouv.fr
• https://www.stop-violences-femmes.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/depliant_violences_web-3.pdf