"Pansi ndi Poland ndi vuto la dokotala wamkazi!" dokotala wa opaleshoni wotchuka analankhula za Dr. Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska

Osati waluso komanso wanzeru modabwitsa, komanso wamakani komanso wotsimikiza. Iye anakana mwayi umene unatsegula chitseko cha ntchito yake yapadziko lonse ndipo anapita ku Warsaw m'malo mwa Tokyo. Moyo wake unali wodzaza ndi zokhotakhota mwadzidzidzi. Mfundo yakuti adalowa ntchito yolamulidwa ndi amuna idatsimikiziridwa ndi msonkhano wake ndi Sultan waku Turkey. Panopa ku Poland, 60 peresenti. madokotala ndi akazi, iye anali woyamba.

  1. Anna Tomaszewicz adasankha kuti akhale "mankhwala" ali ndi zaka 15
  2. Anamaliza maphunziro a udokotala ku Zurich ndi ulemu ngati mkazi woyamba waku Poland
  3. Atabwerera kudzikolo, sanaloledwe kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Mwangozi zinamuthandiza kuzindikira diploma yake
  4. Ku Warsaw, ankagwira ntchito zachipatala chachikulu cha amayi, ankakhala ndi malo osungira amayi oyembekezera, ndi azamba ophunzitsidwa.
  5. Adathandizira mwachangu kumenyera ufulu wofanana kwa amayi, adalemba zolemba, adalankhula, anali wokonza nawo msonkhano woyamba wa Akazi aku Poland.
  6. Mutha kupeza zambiri zaposachedwa patsamba lofikira la TvoiLokony

Pamene wongomaliza kumene maphunziro a Faculty of Medicine ku yunivesite ya Zurich anabwerera kwawo kuti akayambe ntchito yake, dokotala wodziwika bwino, mpaka lero woyang'anira zipatala zambiri za ku Poland, Prof. Ludwik Rydygier adati: "Kutali ndi Poland ndi vuto la dokotala wamkazi! Tiyeni tipitirize kutchuka chifukwa cha ulemerero wa akazi athu, omwe wolemba ndakatuloyo akulengeza bwino kwambiri ", pamodzi ndi Gabriela Zapolska, adawona kuti ndi mmodzi mwa akazi oyambirira achikazi a ku Poland: "Sindikufuna madokotala achikazi, maloya kapena veterinarians! Osati dziko la akufa! Osataya ulemu wanu wachikazi! ».

Manyuzipepala a ku Poland amalemba za maphunziro ake ku Switzerland patsamba loyamba

Anna Tomaszewicz anabadwa mu 1854 ku Mława, kumene banja linasamukira ku Łomża, ndiyeno ku Warsaw. Bambo ake anali msilikali wapolisi, ndipo amayi ake, Jadwiga Kołaczkowska, anachokera ku banja lolemekezeka lomwe linali ndi mwambo wautali wokonda dziko lawo.

Mu 1869, Anna anamaliza maphunziro awo ndi malipiro apamwamba a Mayi Paszkiewicz ku Warsaw. Pa nthawi ya maphunziro ake anali ndi lingaliro lakuti adzakhala dokotala. Poyamba, makolowo sanavomereze zolinga za mwana wazaka 15 osati za makhalidwe abwino komanso zachuma. Anali ndi ana XNUMX oti aziwathandiza. Anna adayenera kutsimikizira abambo ake kwa nthawi yayitali kuti asankhe, ndipo mkangano womaliza udakhala ... kumenyedwa ndi njala. Kenako a Władysław anawerama n’kutsegula bokosilo. Kwa zaka ziwiri, ankalemba ntchito aphunzitsi apadera kuti akonzekeretse mwana wake wamkazi kuti aphunzire. Anamuphunzitsa maphunziro omwe sanaphunzitsidwe ndi malipiro - biology, physics, chemistry, French, German ndi Latin.

Pomaliza, mtsikana wazaka 17 anapita ku Zurich. Mu 1871, adapambana mayeso olowera ndikuyamba maphunziro ake.

Mkazi woyamba adaloledwa ku maphunziro a zachipatala kumeneko mu 1864. Mkazi wa ku Poland anali wophunzira khumi ndi zisanu. Pamaso pake, akazi asanu ndi limodzi, akazi anayi achijeremani, akazi awiri Achingelezi ndi mmodzi wa ku America adalowa mankhwala. Azimayi omwe amaphunzira ku faculty ya zamankhwala ankatchedwa madokotala. Amuna - aphunzitsi ndi anzawo - nthawi zambiri amakayikira kuyenerera kwawo pantchitoyo. Panali mphekesera zoti akazi amene akufuna kukhala madokotala sakuchita bwino, choncho akalembetsa chaka choyamba, anafunsidwa kuti awapatse satifiketi ya makhalidwe abwino.

Komabe, manyuzipepala a Warsaw analemba patsamba loyamba kuti: “Mu September 1871, Anna Tomaszewiczówna anachoka ku Warsaw kupita ku Zurich kukaphunzira zamankhwala ku yunivesite kumeneko”. Chinali chinthu chomwe sichinachitikepo.

Anna anakhala wophunzira waluso kwambiri. Kuyambira chaka chachitatu adachita nawo kafukufuku, ndipo mchaka chachisanu adakhala wothandizira prof. Edward Hitzing, katswiri wa zaubongo ndi wamisala. Anatsala pang’ono kulipirira moyo wake womuthandizira ameneyu, chifukwa pa ntchito yake anadwala matenda a typhus, amene anadutsamo movutikira kwambiri.

Mu 1877 adalandira digiri ya udokotala komanso mwayi wopambana pamalingaliro ake otchedwa "Contribution to the physiology of the auditory labyrinth". Nthawi yomweyo adapatsidwa mwayi wowonjezera chithandizo chake ndikupita ku Japan. Komabe, atabwerera kwawo, Anna anakana ndipo anapita ku Warsaw.

Dr. Tomaszewicz mwamsanga ananong’oneza bondo

Kunyumba, atolankhani amawonetsa madotolo achikazi ngati anthu osasamala komanso opanda malingaliro pantchitoyo. Anzake ankamunyozanso. Atangobwerako, adachitapo kanthu motsutsana naye, mwa zina, prof. Rydygier.

Dr. Tomaszewicz anaganiza kuti athetse kutsutsa kwa anzake, kutsimikizira kuti amadziwa komanso luso lake. Anapempha kuti alowe ku Warsaw Medical Society. Ntchito yake, yolembedwa m'magazini yachipatala yotchuka ya ku Germany, inali kale mu laibulale ya anthu. Tsopano watumiza ena awiri kumeneko. Purezidenti Henryk Hoyer adawayesa kwambiri, akulemba kuti wophunzirayo anali ndi "luso lalikulu" komanso "kudziŵa bwino zolinga ndi njira zamankhwala", koma sizinakhudze anthu ena. Kusankhidwa kwake kunatayika mu voti yachinsinsi.

Aleksander Świętochowski ndi Bolesław Prus anamuteteza m'manyuzipepala. Prus analemba kuti: "Tikuganiza kuti ngoziyi ndi chizindikiro chosavuta cha kudana ndi zinthu zodabwitsa, chodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi chomwe ngakhale mpheta zimagwira canary chifukwa ndi zachikasu".

Tsoka ilo, dokotala wamng'ono sanaloledwe kutsimikizira diploma yake ndikuyamba kugwira ntchitoyo. “Przegląd Lekarski” inasimba kuti: “Ndi zomvetsa chisoni kuvomereza kuti Abiti T., pachiyambi penipeni, amangokumana ndi zosakondweretsa m’ntchito yake. Iye ankafuna kuti alembe mayeso kuno ndipo anapita kwa woyang’anira dera la sayansi, amene anamutumiza kwa nduna, ndipo nduna inakana kutero. Komanso, adapereka ntchito zake ku Red Cross Society, koma idakana zomwe adapereka ”.

Bungwe la Red Cross Society linavomereza kukana kugwiritsa ntchito dokotala chifukwa chosowa ufulu wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo bwalolo linatsekedwa.

Onaninso: Sir Frederick Grant Banting - dokotala wa mafupa amene anapulumutsa moyo wa odwala matenda a shuga

Dokotala akuyesera ku St

Dr. Tomaszewicz ataona kuti zoyesayesa zake zopezera dipuloma yake ya ku Switzerland ku Warsaw sizinaphule kanthu, ananyamuka kupita ku St. Sikophweka pamenepo, chifukwa madokotala amapereka zifukwa zotsatirazi: «akazi sangakhale madokotala chifukwa … alibe ndevu!".

Komabe, Annie anathandiza mwangozi. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Sultan wina anali kudzacheza ku St. Anali ndi zofunikira zambiri chifukwa wophunzirayo amayenera kudziwa bwino Chijeremani, Chijeremani ndi Chingerezi. Dr. Tomaszewicz anakumana ndi mikhalidwe yonseyi. Analembedwa ntchito, ndipo izi zinamulola kuti atsimikizire diploma yake. Anakhoza mayeso ku yunivesite ya St.

Mu 1880, Anna anabwerera ku Poland ndipo anayamba ntchito yake ku Warsaw mu June. Sachita ndi physiology, yomwe inali ukatswiri wake. Amagwira ntchito mumsewu wa Niecała, yemwe amagwira ntchito yosamalira amayi ndi ana. Kusankha kumeneku kunakakamizika kwambiri ndi mikhalidwe, popeza ndi amuna ochepa okha amene angalole kufunsira kwa mkaziyo panthawiyo.

Chaka chotsatira, moyo wake waumwini umasinthanso. Amakwatiwa ndi mnzake - katswiri wa ENT Konrad Dobrski, yemwe ali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Ignacy.

Mu 1882, Dr. Tomaszewicz-Dobrska analembanso katswiri wina wochepa. Akuyamba kugwira ntchito m'nyumba yoberekera pa Prosta Street. Sizinali zophweka kupeza ntchitoyo chifukwa ankayenera kugonjetsa amuna omwe ankapikisana naye. Komabe, iye anathandizidwa kwambiri ndi mwamuna wake, komanso Bolesław Prus ndi Aleksander Świętochowski.

Woyamba waku Poland gynecologist

Nyumba yosungiramo amayi komwe amagwira ntchito inakhazikitsidwa ndi katswiri wotchuka wa banki komanso wopereka chithandizo kwa Stanisław Kronenberg. Adapereka ndalama kuti atsegule malo asanu ofananirako pambuyo pa mliri wa matenda a puerperal ku Warsaw.

Chiyambi cha ntchito ya Dr. Tomaszewicz-Dobrska chinali chovuta kwambiri. Nyumba yakale ya m’mipando yapamsewu ya Prosta inalibe mipopi yamadzi, inalibe zimbudzi, ndipo masitovu akale, ong’ambika anali kusuta. Zikatero, dokotala akuyendera malamulo a antiseptic mankhwala. Anapanganso malamulo a ukhondo, omwe anawatcha "Vows of Chastity". Ogwira ntchito onse amayenera kuwatsata mosamalitsa.

Malonjezo a chiyero:
  1. Lolani ntchito yanu iyeretse lumbiro lanu la chiyero.
  2. Musakhale ndi zikhulupiriro zina kupatula mabakiteriya, osakhala ndi zokhumba zina kupatula kuchotsedwa, palibenso zabwino zina kuposa kubereka.
  3. Lumbirira mzimu wa nthawiyo kuti usauchitire mwano mwanjira ina iliyonse, makamaka kudzitamandira ndi zopanda pake za chimfine, kudya mopambanitsa, mantha, chipwirikiti, kugunda ubongo ndi chakudya, kapena mpatuko wina uliwonse umene umatsutsana ndi chikhalidwe choyambukira cha malungo.
  4. Kwa nthawi zamuyaya ndi chiwonongeko chamuyaya, mafuta atemberero, siponji, mphira, mafuta, ndi chilichonse chomwe chimadana ndi moto kapena sichinadziwe, chifukwa ndi bakiteriya.
  5. Nthawi zonse dziwani ndikuzindikira kuti mdani wosawonekayo akubisalira paliponse, pa iwo, pa inu, mozungulira inu, komanso mwa inu nokha pafupi ndi pakati, mu zowawa, obereketsa, maso a ana ndi miseche.
  6. Musawakhudze, ngakhale ndi kufuula ndi kubuula kwa thandizo lanu, mpaka mutavala zoyera kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumapazi, kapena kudzoza manja anu amaliseche ndi manja anu, kapena matupi awo ndi sopo wochuluka, kapena mphamvu ya bakiteriya.
  7. Kuwunika koyamba kwamkati kwalamulidwa kwa inu, kwachiwiri ndikololedwa, kwachitatu kuyenera kukhululukidwa, kwachinayi kukhululukidwa, kwachisanu kukuyimbidwa mlandu.
  8. Lolani kugunda kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kutentha pang'ono kukhale ulemu wapamwamba kwambiri kwa inu.

Thandizo kumeneko linali laulere, ndipo linagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akazi osauka kwambiri okhala ku Warsaw. Mu 1883, ana 96 anabadwa mu malo, ndipo mu 1910 - 420 kale.

Muulamuliro wa Dr. Tomaszewicz-Dobrska, chiŵerengero cha imfa za amene anali olemala chinatsika kufika pa 1 peresenti, zimene zinachititsa chidwi osati madokotala a ku Warsaw okha. Chifukwa cha zoyesayesa zake, mu 1889 malo opulumukirako anasamutsidwira ku nyumba yatsopano ku ul. Żelazna 55. Kumeneko, malo ndi mikhalidwe yaukhondo inali yabwino kwambiri, ngakhale zipinda zodzipatula kwa odwala matenda opatsirana pogonana zinapangidwa. Kumeneko, mu 1896, dokotalayo anali woyamba ku Warsaw kuchita opaleshoni.

Kuphatikiza apo, Dr. Anna amaphunzitsa ogwira ntchito ndi obereketsa. Anaphunzitsa azamba 340 ndi madokotala 23 obereketsa. Wasindikiza zolemba zingapo zachipatala za njira zochizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo ake, komanso, mwachitsanzo, za moyo wa anthu aku Poland poyerekeza ndi aku Europe.

Malongosoledwe ake a malo opulumukirako amawala ndi nthabwala pang'ono, monga khitchini yaying'ono, yosauka komwe kuphika ndi kutsuka kumachitika, komanso komwe antchito amagona ndikudikirira alendo, amatcha "Pantheon, kukumbatira zipembedzo zonse ndi miyambo yonse".

Dokotalayo anagwira ntchitoyo kwa zaka pafupifupi 30, atapeza kutchuka kwa dokotala wabwino kwambiri, ndipo ofesi yake inali yodzaza ndi akazi amitundu yonse. Kumapeto kwa moyo wake, Dr. Tomaszewicz-Dobrska ndi mmodzi mwa madokotala otchuka kwambiri mumzindawu, omwe amachiritsa odwala osauka kwaulere, ndipo amapereka chithandizo chandalama. Pamene mu 1911 zipatala ziwiri za amayi zinakhazikitsidwa ku Warsaw: St. Zofia ndi Fr. Anna Mazowiecka, ndi malo ogona anatsekedwa, iye anakana kutenga utsogoleri wa chipatala, kufunsira wachiwiri wake pa udindo uwu.

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yake yaukatswiri, Dr. Anna adagwiranso ntchito ku Warsaw Charity Society (iye ndi woyang'anira chipinda chosokera) ndi Summer Camps for Children Society, nayenso ndi dokotala pamalo ogona aphunzitsi. Amalemba zolemba za mlungu uliwonse Kultura Polska ndipo amalankhula za ufulu wa amayi. Iye ndi anzake Eliza Orzeszkowa ndi Maria Konopnicka. Kuyambira ndili ndi zaka 52, wakhalanso membala wokangalika wa bungwe la Polish Culture Society. Mu 1907, adachita nawo bungwe la Congress loyamba la Akazi aku Poland.

Dr Anna Tomszewicz-Dobrska anamwalira mu 1918 ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo, chomwe adachipeza kale kwambiri. Podziwa maganizo ake, abwenzi ake adaganiza kuti m'malo mogula nkhata ndi maluwa, awononge ndalamazo pa kampeni ya "Drop of Milk".

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