Dracaena kunyumba

Dracaena (Dracaena) wa banja Katsitsumzukwa amakhala zachilengedwe m'madera otentha, komanso subtropics ku Ulaya. Pali mitundu yopitilira 100 yamitengo ndi zitsamba zamtunduwu padziko lapansi. Mu floriculture ya m'nyumba, mitundu yochepa ya zamoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zonse zimasiyana mochititsa chidwi komanso kudzichepetsa, komwe kumadziwika ndi zomera zokoma (1).

Nthano yakale ya Aztec imakamba bwino za mtundu wa dracaena.

Wankhondoyo anapempha kuti mwana wamkazi wa mtsogoleriyo akhale mkazi wake. Kumene bamboyo adati: tenga ndodo, ikani m'nthaka, madzi, ngati pambuyo pa masiku 5 masamba awonekera, ndidzapatsa mwana wanga wamkazi. Wankhondoyo adatenga ndodo ya dracaena, kuyiyikamo ndipo ... adakwatirana mosangalala. Ichi mwina ndichifukwa chake dracaena amatchedwa "mtengo wachimwemwe".

Mitundu ya nyumba ya dracaena

Mwa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya dracaena yomwe imamera m'nyumba, makamaka mitundu inayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito - Godsef's dracaena, Sander's dracaena, dracaena onunkhira komanso malire a dracaena. Izi ndi mitundu yodzichepetsa kwambiri.

Dracaena m'malire (Dracaena marginata). Chobiriwira chowoneka bwinochi kunyumba chimakula mpaka 3 m. Ili ndi masamba opapatiza mpaka 70 cm kutalika, nthawi zambiri wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi malire opapatiza-bulauni m'mphepete mwake. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino kwambiri komanso mikhalidwe yabwino, dracaena imatha kutaya maambulera inflorescence ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera okhala ndi fungo lamphamvu. Amatsegula usiku kokha (2).

Mtundu uwu uli ndi mitundu ingapo yosangalatsa:

• Bicolor (Bicolor) - wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira owala okhala ndi mzere wapinki.
• Colorama - masamba ake ndi obiriwira pansi, ndipo pafupifupi burgundy pamwamba, mtundu wobiriwira suwoneka bwino.
• Magenta - ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi mzere wofiira.
• Tricolor (Tricolor) - wokhala ndi masamba okhala ndi mzere wofiira wachikasu.

Dracaena Sandera (Dracaenasanderiana). Lucky Bamboo (Bamboo wachimwemwe) - mtundu uwu wa dracaena umagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina ili. Monga lamulo, ichi sichomera chosiyana, koma chimapangidwa ndi zimayambira zingapo ndi masamba pamwamba.

Dracaena Sandera amakula mpaka 1 m kutalika. Ndi chitsamba chowonda chokhala ndi thunthu lobiriwira lowala. Nthambizo zimakula molunjika, masamba asiliva okhala ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy 3-4 cm mulifupi ndi 26 cm kutalika amawoneka ngati lancet.

Mtundu uwu ulinso ndi mitundu ingapo yosangalatsa:

• Golden lotus (Golden Lotus) - wokhala ndi masamba achikasu amizeremizere;
• Mwayi Golide - ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira ndi malire achikasu;
• Kuwala kwa mwezi (Moon Shine) - ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi yasiliva;
• White - wokhala ndi masamba oyera oyera okhala ndi mzere wobiriwira wobiriwira pakati;
• A Celes - ndi mitundu iyi yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira osavuta omwe amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina la Lucky Bamboo.

Dracaena Godseffiana (Dracaena Godseffiana). Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umatchedwa "golide dracaena" ndipo kunja kwake ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi ena. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 60 okha, masamba a masamba ndi oval ndi nsonga zakuthwa ndi mtundu woyambirira kwambiri: wobiriwira wokhala ndi mawanga ambiri oyera kapena zonona. Komanso, masamba ndi ofewa komanso osalala mpaka kukhudza. Kuwoneka koyambirira kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti Dracaena wa Godsef asokonezedwe ndi aucuba komanso dieffenbachia.

Shrub imakula mofulumira m'lifupi chifukwa cha nthambi yogwira ntchito. Zomera zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimaphuka ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, onunkhira bwino achikasu obiriwira.

Mtundu uwu umakonda kuwala kofalikira, koma mumthunzi umataya msanga mtundu woyambirira wa masamba.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

• njira yamkaka - mitundu yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi masamba opepuka komanso mizere yoyera pakati;
• Janita (Juanita) - wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino a mawanga a kirimu ndi mizere yopapatiza yoyera pakati;
• Kukongola kwa Florida (Florida Kukongola) - okhala ndi mawanga obiriwira pamasamba ndi mzere wachikasu pakati.

Dracaena wonunkhira (Dracaena zonunkhira). Dracaena iyi ndi yotchuka kwambiri ndi olima maluwa; imakongoletsedwa ndi maofesi ndi zipinda za nyumba za anthu. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, imakula mpaka 2 m. Masamba aatali, olendewera, opindika pang'ono amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette. Amakhala onyezimira, obiriwira okhala ndi mikwingwirima yotakata. Kutalika kwa masamba kumatha kufika 1 m ndi m'lifupi mwake 10 cm. Mu chilengedwe ndi greenhouses, onunkhira Dracaena limamasula bwino kwambiri, exuding kununkhira kwa uchi ndi udzu. Komabe, m'zipinda sizingatheke kukwaniritsa maluwa.

Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu uwu wa dracaena umatsuka bwino mpweya wamkati kuchokera ku benzene, trichlorethylene ndi formaldehyde.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

• Masangeana (Massangeana) - wokhala ndi masamba opindika komanso mzere wachikasu waukulu pakati pa tsamba lililonse;
• Варнески (Werneckii) - ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira okhala ndi malire oyera;
• Malaya (Malaika) - chomera chophatikizika (kutalika kwa masamba sikudutsa 40 cm) chokhala ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira, okhala ndi mizere yobiriwira pakati, malire oyera otembenukira kukhala obiriwira;
• Janet Craig - chitsamba chachikulu chotalika mpaka 2 m chokhala ndi zobiriwira zakuda, ngati masamba opindika opitilira 30 cm.

Kusamalira Dracaena kunyumba

Mukamakula dracaena, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti izi ndi zomera za kumadera otentha. Chifukwa chake, kuti atukuke bwino, amafunikira kutentha kwa +18 ... +25 ° С, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, panthawi yopuma, amafunikira kutentha kosachepera +12 ° С, koma osapitirira +18 ° С.

Ground

Dracaena amakonda dothi lokhala ndi acidic kapena acidic pang'ono. Ayenera kukhala achonde, otayidwa bwino, koma olemera ndithu. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lopangidwa kale la mitengo ya kanjedza.

Kapena dzipange nokha kuchokera ku dothi la soddy, tsamba la humus, dongo ndi mchenga wouma kapena perlite (1: 1: 1: 1: 1). Mukabzala mbewu zazikulu (zazaka 4), gawo la humus limachulukitsidwa mpaka magawo atatu.

Kuunikira

Mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu imatha kukula osati mu kuwala kosiyana, komanso mumthunzi, koma mtundu wa masamba pamapeto pake udzakhala wosawala kwambiri.

Malo abwino kwambiri a mphika wokhala ndi dracaena ndi zenera lakumwera kapena kumadzulo.

chinyezi

Mitundu yambiri ya dracaena imagonjetsedwa ndi chilala, koma mawonekedwe okongola ndi mtundu wowala wa masamba, chitukuko chabwino chimadalira kuthirira kwapamwamba. Kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika pafupipafupi nthaka ikauma mpaka kuya kwa 2-3 cm.

Dracaena amayankha bwino kupopera pafupipafupi ndi madzi ofewa. M'chilimwe, ndi bwino kukonzekera shawa yotentha kamodzi pa masiku 1 mpaka 7.

Panthawi yopuma, m'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kufika 1 nthawi pamwezi.

feteleza

Mukabzala kapena kuyika dracaena m'nthaka, mutha kuwonjezera feteleza wovuta wa mineral pazomera zokongoletsa zamasamba. Osagwiritsa ntchito phulusa ndi feteleza okhala ndi calcium yambiri.

Kudyetsa

Dracaena imabzalidwa nthawi ya Epulo mpaka Seputembara 1 m'masiku 14 - 15.

- Ngati sizingatheke kudyetsa dracaena nthawi zonse, ndikukulangizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndodo za feteleza - zidutswa 2 - 4 pa mphika, malingana ndi kukula kwa mbewu kwa miyezi iwiri, - akulangiza wosonkhanitsa zomera zamkati Elizaveta Starostina.

Kukonza

Dracaena imamera yokha mmwamba, pamene masamba apansi amafa ndikuwonetsa thunthu. Kuti ziwoneke ngati mtengo wokongola kapena chitsamba chobiriwira, kudulira kopanga kumachitika. Monga lamulo, kudulira koyamba kumachitika pamtunda wa 30 cm. Si mitundu yonse yomwe imayenera kusintha kutalika kwa mbewu, kudulira pamwamba kumachitidwa m'mphepete mwa dracaena, reflex dracaena ndi dracaena wonunkhira.

Ngati dracaena ili ndi tsinde zambiri, ndiye kuti mitengo ikuluikulu imadulidwa mosiyanasiyana.

Malo odulidwawo amathandizidwa ndi cholimbikitsa kukula, kenako amatetezedwa ndi phula lamunda kapena sera. Pofuna kudzutsa kuchuluka kwa masamba, nsonga zamitengo yodulidwa zimakutidwa ndi moss ndi pulasitiki, momwe ma punctures angapo amapangidwa ndi singano.

Pambuyo kudulira, masamba angapo amapanga pa thunthu. Ngati ayikidwa molingana, ndiye kuti aliyense amawasiya; ngati ayandikirana kwambiri, ndiye kuti ang’onoang’ono ndi ofooka amazulidwa.

Nthawi yabwino yopangira kudulira ndi Epulo kapena theka loyamba la Meyi. Pambuyo kudulira, zomera zimayikidwa pamalo owala ndi kutentha kwa mpweya wa + 25 ° C ndikupopera nthawi zonse ndi madzi ofunda ofewa.

Kuphatikiza pa kupanga kudulira, kudulira mwaukhondo kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Choyamba, ndikofunikira madzulo a nyengo yozizira komanso koyambirira kwa masika kuti muchotse zouma zamasamba, chifukwa ngakhale mu mawonekedwe awa amachotsa gawo lazakudya ku mbewu yonse.

Kubereka kwa dracaena kunyumba

Kukula kuchokera ku njere ndi njira yayitali ndipo nthawi zambiri kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. Koma Dracaena imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi kudula kwa apical ndi zidutswa za tsinde.

Zodula. Pofalitsa ndi cuttings, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi mpeni wakuthwa kwambiri, miphika yaying'ono yokhala ndi gawo lopepuka, malo owala ndi kutentha kwa + 25 ° C.

Zodulidwazo zimadulidwa kuchokera ku tsinde lopanda kanthu, ndikusankha madera omwe masamba amakulira (ndiko kuti, kudula kumapangidwa pamwamba kapena pansi pa internode), mabalawo amathiridwa ndi fumbi lopangira mizu, yoyalidwa pansi, kuthira. 2 cm dothi pamwamba. Mphika wokhala ndi kudula kwa mwezi umodzi umakutidwa ndi mtsuko kapena thumba la pulasitiki. Mphukira zikangowoneka pansi, pogonapo amachotsedwa ndipo mbewu zimayamba kukula kuti zibzalidwe mumiphika.

Zodulidwa kuchokera ku tsinde lopanda kanthu zitha kuyikidwa mu kapu yamadzi ndi dontho la Zircon, ndipo zoyambira za mizu zikawoneka, zobzalidwa mumiphika yokhala ndi gawo lapansi lopepuka.

Pamwamba pa mphukira. Mutha kufalitsanso dracaena podula nsonga za mphukira zomwe zimatsalira mutadulira mbewu zazikulu. Chodula cham'munsi chimakhala ndi ufa wa Kornevin, wozama 2-4 masentimita mu dothi lopepuka, mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki lokhala ndi ma puncture angapo ndikuyikidwa pamalo owala, otentha kuti muzule. Masamba atsopano akangoyamba kukula, mbewuyo imatha kubzalidwa mumphika.

Mofananamo mizu ndi ofananira nawo mphukira, amene anapanga kuchokera masamba pambuyo kudulira.

Kuyika kwa Dracaena kunyumba

Nthawi yabwino yobzala ndi masika. Nthawi yoyamba dracaena imabzalidwa mwezi umodzi mutagula. Mphika umatengedwa kuposa 2 cm mulifupi. Kenako kubzala kumachitika zaka 2-3 zilizonse, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphika ndikutsitsimutsa nthaka. Komabe, masika aliwonse nthaka ya pamwamba imakonzedwanso.

Musanawake, mbewuzo sizimwetsedwa kwa masiku anayi. Mphuno yadothi imachotsedwa mosamala, mizu imafufuzidwa, zowonongeka zimachotsedwa, zigawozo zimaphwanyidwa ndi phulusa. Pakati pa dothi ndi makoma a mphika ayenera kukhala 4 - 1,5 cm.

Mabowo okhetsera madzi ndi ngalande ngati dongo lokulitsidwa kapena timiyala timafunikira.

Ngati mbewuyo ndi yayikulu komanso yakale, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira, ndikusunga mosamala dongo. Kwa zomera zazikulu, gulani mphika wagalasi wokhazikika.

- Ngati dracaena ikukula bwino, kapena mupeza kuti mizu ikuwola, muyike mwachangu. Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, - amalimbikitsa wokhometsa Elizaveta Starostina. "Iyi ndiye njira yotsimikizika yopulumutsira mbewu.

Matenda a dracaena kunyumba

Alternaria. Zimawoneka ngati mawanga owuma okhala ndi kuwala pakati pa masamba ndi zimayambira. Pang'onopang'ono, minofu yokhudzidwayo imasanduka yakuda.

Matendawa amathetsedwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides okhala ndi mkuwa kapena Fundazol. Chithandizo cha zomera matenda ikuchitika katatu ndi imeneyi kwa masiku 3.

Tomato mawanga a wilt virus. Zomera zomwe zili ndi kachilombo zimayamba kutsalira m'mbuyo pakukula, masamba ang'onoang'ono amakhala opunduka, mizere yofiirira komanso mawanga amawonekera pa iwo.

Sili pansi pa chithandizo - zomera zimawonongedwa.

Phyllostictosis. Imawononga masamba, ndikusiya mawanga otumbululuka otumbululuka pa iwo okhala ndi malire achikasu obiriwira, omwe amauma mwachangu.

Topazi ndi Oksihom fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mbewu.

Tizilombo tomwe timapanga tokha ta dracaena

Mealybug. Imawononga masamba ndi tsinde ndipo imatha kuzindikirika ndi kutuluka kwa thonje, waxy.

Zomera ziyenera kutsukidwa pansi pa shawa, pogwiritsa ntchito sopo. Kenako utsi ndi mankhwala Aktara kapena Actellik (3). Bwerezani mankhwala pambuyo 10-14 masiku.

Spider mite. Imadzaza mbewuyo ngati chipindacho chili ndi mpweya wouma komanso wofunda. Kuwala, ma punctures pamasamba amawoneka, ndi tizirombo tambirimbiri, ma cobwebs amawoneka.

Zomera zimapopera kawiri ndi nthawi ya masiku 14 ndi Acarin, Bicol kapena Fitoverm (3).

Thrips. Izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhazikika pansi pa masamba ndikudya timadziti ta zomera. Masamba amakhala otuwa-bulauni ndi sheen wasiliva.

Ndikofunikira kupopera mbewu ndi Actellik 2-3 nthawi.

Shchitovka. Zimakhudza masamba, thunthu ndi nthambi, kupondereza mbewu.

Tizilombo amachotsedwa ndi thonje swab choviikidwa mu mowa. Kenako mbewuyo imatsukidwa ndi madzi a sopo. Zotsalira za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono zimawonongedwa ndi Actellik.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinafunsa za gardenia wokhometsa nyumba Elizaveta Starostina - adayankha mafunso otchuka kwambiri a olima maluwa.

Magwero a

1. Ivanina LI Dracaenaceae Banja / Moyo wa Chomera: m'mabuku 6 // M .: Maphunziro, 1982.
2. Huxley A. New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. - 2: 96-97 // Macmillan, 1992
3. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/