Paini wakuda
Kunja, amafanana ndi chikhalidwe chathu cha Scotch pine, koma singano zake ndi zakuda kwambiri. Mtengowo ndi wokongoletsa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zonse umakhala chinthu cholandirika kuseri kwa nyumbayo. Koma paini wakuda ndi mlendo wakumwera. Kodi ndizotheka kukula m'njira yapakati?

Black pine imachokera ku Balkan Peninsula. Mwachilengedwe, amapezeka ku Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Albania, Greece, komanso m'mayiko oyandikana nawo - Austria, Italy, Slovenia. Awa ndi mayiko okhala ndi nyengo yofunda, koma amakhala makamaka m’mapiri, choncho amazoloŵera chipale chofeŵa ndi kuzizira. Chifukwa chake, imatha kukula m'Dziko Lathu.

Black pine (Pinus nigra) ndi mtengo wamphamvu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri umafika kutalika kwa 20-30 m, koma pali zitsanzo za 50 m. Koma ndi yayitali kwambiri: mumitengo yathu ndi pafupifupi 2 cm, ndi pine wakuda - 5 - 10 cm.

Ali aang'ono, mitengo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a conical, zitsanzo zazikulu zimakhala ngati ambulera.

Pali mitundu ingapo ndi mitundu ya paini wakuda, mwa iwo, mwachitsanzo, Crimea pine, yomwe imapezeka m'malo athu odyera ku Black Sea. Chabwino, ndipo popeza ili ndi zosiyana m'chilengedwe, obereketsa sakanachitira mwina koma kupezerapo mwayi ndipo ali ndi mitundu ingapo yosangalatsa.

Mitundu ya black pine

Pali ambiri a iwo ndipo onsewo ndi masinthidwe achilengedwe.

Bambino (Bambino). Mitundu yaying'ono yokhala ndi korona wozungulira - kutalika kwake ndi 2 m. Imakula pang'onopang'ono, imapereka chiwonjezeko chosapitilira 4 cm pachaka. Singanozo zimakhala zobiriwira, koma m'nyengo yozizira zimasintha mtundu kukhala imvi-wobiriwira. Kukana kwa chisanu kumakhala kofooka - mpaka -28 ° С.

Brepo (Brepo). Zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a mpira wokhazikika. Imakula pang'onopang'ono, pazaka 10 sichidutsa 50 cm. Singano ndi mdima wobiriwira. Kulimbana ndi chisanu kumatsikira ku -28 ° C, koma popeza mitengoyo imakhala yochepa kwambiri, pansi pa chipale chofewa imatha kupirira kutentha kochepa.

Globose (Globose). Ilinso ndi mitundu yozungulira, koma yayikulu kwambiri - pafupifupi 3 m kutalika. Imakula pang'onopang'ono, imawoneka yochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Singano ndi zobiriwira. Kukana kwachisanu - mpaka -28 ° С.

Green Tower (Green Tower). Dzina la mitundu iyi limamasuliridwa kuti "nsanja yobiriwira", yomwe ikuwonetseratu tanthauzo lake - iyi ndi mitengo yotsika. Ali ndi zaka 10, kutalika kwawo sikudutsa 2,5 mamita ndi mamita 1 m'mimba mwake, ndipo akafika zaka 30 amafika mamita 5. Singano zamitundu iyi ndi zazitali, mpaka 12 cm, zobiriwira. Kukana kwa chisanu sikupitirira -28 ° С.

Green Rocket (Green Rocket). Mtundu wina wa piramidi. Pofika zaka 10, amafika kutalika kwa 2-2,5 m ndi korona wake wosakwana mita imodzi. Zitsanzo za akuluakulu nthawi zambiri sizidutsa 1 m, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 6 m. Singano zake ndi zazitali, zobiriwira, koma zopepuka kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina. Kulimbana ndi chisanu sikudutsa -2 ° C.

Nana (Nana). Uwu ndi mtundu wocheperako wa 2 m kutalika (samakonda kukula mpaka 3 m) ndi m'mimba mwake womwewo. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a piramidi yayikulu. Singanozo ndi zobiriwira zakuda, 10 cm yaitali, zolimba, koma osati prickly. Kukana kwachisanu - mpaka -28 ° С.

Oregon Green (Oregon Green). Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a asymmetric cone. Imakula pang'onopang'ono - ikafika zaka 30 imafika kutalika kwa 6 - 8 m, koma kenako imatha kufika 15 m. Pa zophuka zazing'ono, singanozo zimakhala zobiriwira, kenako zimadetsa. Kukana kwachisanu - mpaka -28 ° С.

piramidi (Pyramidalis). Dzina la mitundu iyi limawonetsanso mawonekedwe a korona - ndi piramidi. Imakula pang'onopang'ono, imapereka chiwonjezeko cha pafupifupi 20 cm pachaka, imafika kutalika kwa 30 m ndi zaka 6. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 8 m, ndipo m'mimba mwake korona ndi 3 m. Singano ndi zobiriwira zakuda, zolimba, 10 cm kutalika. Kukana kwa chisanu - mpaka -28 ° С.

fastigiata (Fastigiata). Mitunduyi ndi yosangalatsa chifukwa cha kukula kwake: ali aang'ono, mbewuzo zimawoneka ngati mzati wopapatiza wokhala ndi nthambi zofananira, koma mitengo yokhwima imakhala ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba a maambulera. Ichi ndi kalasi yapamwamba kwambiri - mpaka 20 - 45 m. Kukana kwachisanu - mpaka -28 ° С.

Hornibrookiana (Hornibrookiana). Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi korona wozungulira, wowoneka bwino. Kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake sikudutsa 2 m. Imakula pang'onopang'ono, kukula kwapachaka ndi 10 cm. Singanozo zimakhala zobiriwira. Kukana kwachisanu - mpaka -28 ° С.

Kubzala wakuda paini

Mbande zakuda za pine zimagulitsidwa m'mitsuko, kotero zimatha kubzalidwa nthawi yonse yofunda - kuyambira pakati pa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Okutobala.

Simufunikanso kukumba dzenje lalikulu - liyenera kukhala lokulirapo pang'ono kuposa kukula kwa chidebecho. Mukabzala, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti mulingo wa dothi mumphika umagwirizana ndi dothi m'munda - khosi la mizu siliyenera kukwiriridwa.

chisamaliro cha paini wakuda

Vuto lalikulu la black pine ndi kukana kwake kwa chisanu. Mitundu yambiri imapirira chisanu mpaka -28 ° C. Mabuku ofotokozera amasonyeza kufanana kwa chisanu kwa mitengo ya mitundu. Komabe, m’chenicheni, iwo angapulumuke m’mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri. Malinga ndi breeder-dendrologist, Dokotala wa Sayansi ya Zaulimi Nikolai Vekhov (anatsogolera Lipetsk experimental siteshoni kwa zaka 30), wakuda paini m'nyengo yozizira 1939-1940 ndi 1941-1942 kupirira chisanu -40 ° C popanda mavuto. Ndipo sanawumitse nkomwe.

Komabe, pali ngozi. Akatswiri samalimbikitsa kukula pamwamba pa malire a madera a Saratov ndi Tambov. Zochita zimasonyeza kuti m'madera a steppe ndi nkhalango-steppe ndizokhazikika, koma m'dera la Moscow zimakula bwino ndikuzizira. Komabe, m’zaka zaposachedwapa zasonyeza kulimba mtima m’chigawo cha likulu.

Ground

M'chilengedwe, paini wakuda nthawi zambiri amamera pa dothi la calcareous, youma ndi miyala, koma nthawi zambiri safuna nthaka - amatha kubzalidwa pamchenga wa mchenga, loam wopepuka, ndi dothi lakuda. Chinthu chokhacho chomwe sakonda ndi dothi lolemera komanso lonyowa kwambiri.

Kuunikira

Paini wathu wa Scotch ndi wojambula kwambiri, koma paini wakuda amalekerera kuwala. Inde, nayenso amakonda dzuwa, koma amalekerera shading lateral popanda vuto lililonse.

Kuthirira

Ndikofunikira kokha m'chaka choyamba mutabzala mmera. Kenako kuthirira sikofunikira - paini wakuda ndi chomera chosamva chilala komanso chosatentha.

feteleza

Mukabzala m'dzenje, palibe feteleza omwe amafunikira kuwonjezeredwa.

Kudyetsa

Komanso safunikanso - m'chilengedwe, paini wakuda amamera pa dothi losauka, ndipo amatha kudzipezera okha chakudya.

Kubala kwapaini wakuda

Mitundu ya paini imatha kufalitsidwa ndi mbewu. Mitundu yakuda ya paini imacha mchaka chachiwiri, masika. Koma mbewu zimafunika nthawi yozizira dormancy, choncho ayenera stratified pamaso kufesa. Kuti achite izi, ayenera kusakanikirana ndi mchenga wonyowa ndikutumiza kwa mwezi umodzi mufiriji. Pambuyo pake, amatha kufesedwa pamalo otseguka - mpaka kuya kwa 1,5 cm.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imafalitsidwa ndi kulumikiza.

Kuyesera kufalitsa pine wakuda kuchokera ku cuttings pafupifupi nthawi zonse sikupambana.

Matenda a black pine

Nthawi zambiri, black pine ndi chomera chosamva matenda, koma zimachitikabe.

Pine spinner (kuwombera dzimbiri). Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa matenda oopsa a black pine. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zimawonekera nthawi yophukira - singano zimakhala ndi mtundu wonyezimira, koma osagwa. Bowa wa pathogen amakula mwachangu komanso kwenikweni pakatha zaka 1 - 2 amatha kuwononga mtengowo.

Mtundu wapakati wa bowa uwu ndi aspen ndi poplar. Ndi pa iwo kuti amapanga spores kuti kupatsira paini mobwerezabwereza.

Chithandizo cha zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuyamba mwamsanga. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito madzi a Bordeaux (1%). Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika koyambirira kwa Meyi, kenako kupopera mbewu 2 - 3 ndikudutsa masiku asanu.

Brown Shutte (chipale chofewa cha bulauni). Shutte ili ndi mitundu ingapo, koma ndi yofiirira yomwe imakhudza paini wakuda. Chodabwitsa cha bowa wa pathogenic ndikuti chitukuko chake chokhazikika chimachitika m'miyezi yozizira. Mutha kuzindikira matendawa ndi singano zofiirira zokhala ndi zokutira zoyera.

Matendawa ndi ochiritsika; Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala a Hom kapena Racurs amagwiritsidwa ntchito (1).

Kuwombera khansa (scleroderriosis). Matendawa amakhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya paini, kuphatikizapo wakuda. Zimagunda, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, mphukira, koma zizindikiro zoyamba zikhoza kuwoneka pa singano - kumapeto kwa nthambi, zimagwera mu mawonekedwe a maambulera. Choyamba, singano zimasanduka zachikasu-zobiriwira, ndipo chipale chofewa chikasungunuka (nthawi zambiri mkati mwa masiku angapo) chimakhala chofiira-bulauni. Matendawa amafalikira mumtengo kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Ngati sanasamalidwe, m'kupita kwa nthawi, malo akufa amawonekera pa khungwa (2).

Mipaini yaing'ono, yomwe tsinde lake siliposa 1 cm, nthawi zambiri limafa. Pochiza mbewu zakale, Fundazol amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

tizirombo wakuda paini

Mosiyana ndi pine ya Scots, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo tambiri, pine wakuda ndi wokhazikika - kawirikawiri aliyense amakhala wokonzeka kusirira. Mutha kuyikapo, mwina, tizilombo.

Shield pine. Imakhala pamitengo ya paini, nthawi zambiri pa Scotch pine, koma nthawi zambiri imakhala yokonzeka kudya zamoyo zilizonse, kuphatikiza paini wakuda. Ichi ndi kachilombo kakang'ono, akuluakulu ndi 1,5 - 2 mm kukula kwake ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala kumbuyo kwa singano. Zotsatira zake, singano zimasanduka zofiirira ndi kusweka. Nthawi zambiri zimawononga mitengo yaying'ono mpaka zaka 5 (3).

Kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikophweka. Tizilombo tosasunthika, koma yokutidwa ndi chipolopolo cholimba ndi kukonzekera kukhudzana sikugwira ntchito pa iwo. Zokhazikika nthawi zambiri - inde, zimalowa muzomera, zimazungulira m'mitsempha, koma tizilombo tomwe timadya timadziti tating'onoting'ono ta singano, komwe mankhwalawo samalowa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono timatha kuchotsa pokhapokha mphutsi zosokera zomwe sizitetezedwa ndi chipolopolo zimawonekera - mu Julayi, mbewu ziyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Actellik. Ndipo akuluakulu adzafa okha - amakhala ndi nyengo imodzi yokha.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinayankha mafunso ovuta kwambiri okhudza black pine Agronomist-woweta Svetlana Mikhailova.

Kodi ndizotheka kulima pine wakuda pakati pakatikati ndi dera la Moscow?
Black pine imakhala ndi chisanu chochepa, koma kumadera akumwera kwa chigawo chapakati (mpaka kumalire a dera la Tambov) imakula bwino. Kumpoto, mphukira zake zimatha kuzizira pang'ono, kotero m'malo oterowo ndi bwino kukulitsa mitundu yaying'ono yamtengo uwu - imazizira bwino pansi pa chisanu.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito black pine pakupanga malo?
Mitundu ya paini ndi mitundu yayitali imatha kubzalidwa m'mabzala amodzi kapena m'magulu, komanso kuphatikiza ndi mitengo ina. Mitundu yocheperako imawoneka bwino muzobzala ndi mitengo yamapiri yamapiri, juniper zokwawa, thujas, ndi microbiota. Ndipo amatha kubzalidwanso m’mapiri a m’mapiri komanso m’minda yamiyala.
Kodi paini wakuda adulidwe?
Mitengo yapaini yayitali imatha kusungidwa kukula kwake ndikudulira. Ndipo ngakhale kupanga bonsai kuchokera kwa iwo. Mitundu yaying'ono sifunika kudulira, koma ukhondo ndi wofunikira - nthambi zowuma ndi matenda ziyenera kuchotsedwa.

Magwero a

  1. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
  2. Zhukov AM, Gninenko Yu.I., Zhukov PD Matenda owopsa osaphunzira pang'ono a conifers m'nkhalango za Dziko Lathu: ed. 2 ndi, rev. ndi zina // Pushkino: VNIILM, 2013. - 128 p.
  3. Tizilombo ta Gray GA Pine - ucaspis pusilla Low, 1883 (Homoptera: Diaspididae) mdera la Volgograd // Entomological and parasitological research in the Volga region, 2017 pusilla-low-1883-homoptera-diaspididae-v-volgogradskoy-oblasti

Siyani Mumakonda