Duodenum (kuchokera ku Latin duodenum digitorum, kutanthauza "zala khumi ndi ziwiri") ndi gawo la matumbo aang'ono, chiwalo cha m'mimba.

malo. Duodenum ili pakati pa pylorus ya m'mimba ndi duodeno-jejunal angle.

Mapangidwe a duodenum. Ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a matumbo aang'ono (duodenum, jejunum ndi ileum). 5-7 m kutalika ndi 3 cm mulifupi mwake, matumbo aang'ono amatsatira m'mimba ndipo amatambasula ndi matumbo akuluakulu (1). Chowoneka ngati C komanso chozama kwambiri, duodenum ndi gawo lokhazikika la matumbo aang'ono. Tizilombo totuluka kuchokera ku kapamba ndi ndulu imafika pagawo ili (1) (2).

Mapangidwe a khoma la duodenal. Duodenum imapangidwa ndi ma envulopu 4 (1):

• Kakhungu kamene kamakhala mkati mwake, kamakhala ndi ma gland ambiri obisalira makamaka mamina oteteza.
• Submucosa ndiye gawo lapakatikati lopangidwa makamaka ndimitsempha yamagazi ndi mitsempha.
• Muscularis ndi gawo lakunja lopangidwa ndi ulusi wa minofu.
• Kakhungu kameneka, kapena peritoneum, ndi envelopu yolumikizira khoma lakunja la m'mimba.

chimbudzi. Kugaya kumachitika makamaka m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, makamaka makamaka mu duodenum kudzera m'matumbo am'mimba ndi bile acid. Ma enzyme am'mimba amachokera m'mapiko kudzera m'mitsempha yopopera, pomwe bile acid amachokera pachiwindi kudzera m'matope a bile (3). Mavitamini a m'mimba ndi bile acid amasintha chyme, madzi omwe amakhala ndi chakudya chomwe chimakumbidwa kale ndi timadziti m'mimba, kukhala chyle, madzi omveka bwino okhala ndi ulusi wazakudya, chakudya chambiri, mamolekyulu osavuta, komanso michere (4).

Kusankha. Pazochita zake, thupi limatenga zinthu zina monga chakudya, mafuta, mapuloteni, ma electrolyte, mavitamini, komanso madzi (5). Kuyamwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimagayidwa m'mimba kumachitika makamaka m'matumbo aang'ono, makamaka mu duodenum ndi jejunum.

Kuteteza m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Duodenum imadziteteza ku zovuta za mankhwala ndi makina potulutsa ntchofu, kuteteza mucous membrane (3).

Matenda opatsirana otupa. Matendawa amafanana ndi kutukusira kwa gawo lam'magazi, monga matenda a Crohn. Zizindikiro zake zimapweteka kwambiri m'mimba komanso kutsegula m'mimba (6).

Matenda owopsa a m'mimba. Izi syndrome kuwonetseredwa ndi hypersensitivity wa m`mimba khoma, makamaka duodenum, ndi kusakhazikika mu contractions minofu. Imawonekera kudzera mu zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi vuto la m'mimba monga kutsegula m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, kapena kupweteka kwa m'mimba. Choyambitsa matendawa sichidziwikabe mpaka pano.

Bowel zotchinga. Ikuwonetsa kuyimitsidwa kwa kagwiridwe kake ka ntchito, kuyambitsa kupweteka kwambiri ndikusanza. Kutsekeka kwa m'matumbo kumatha kukhala kochokera pamakina pomwe pali chopinga panthawi yamaulendo (ma gallstones, zotupa, ndi zina zambiri) koma amathanso kukhala mankhwala chifukwa cholumikizidwa ndi matenda amtundu wapafupi, mwachitsanzo nthawi ya peritonitis.

Chilonda chachikulu. Matendawa amafanana ndi kupangika kwa bala lakuya pakhoma la m'mimba kapena duodenum. Matenda a zilonda zam'mimba nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha kukula kwa bakiteriya komanso amatha kupezeka ndi mankhwala ena (7).

Chithandizo cha mankhwala. Kutengera matenda omwe amapezeka, mankhwala ena amatha kuperekedwa ngati mankhwala oletsa kutupa kapena ma analgesics.

Chithandizo cha opaleshoni. Kutengera matenda ndi kusintha kwake, njira zopangira opaleshoni zitha kuchitidwa.

Kufufuza mwakuthupi. Kuyamba kwa ululu kumayamba ndikuwunika kwakuthupi kuti muwone zizindikiritso ndikuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka.

Kufufuza kwachilengedwe. Mayeso amwazi ndi chopondapo atha kuchitidwa kuti atsimikizire matenda.

Kuyesa kuyerekezera kwachipatala. Kutengera matenda omwe akukayikiridwa kapena kutsimikiziridwa, mayeso owonjezera atha kuchitidwa monga ultrasound, CT scan kapena MRI.

Kufufuza kwa Endoscopic. Endoscopy ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti aphunzire makoma a duodenum.

Anatomists apereka dzina la duodenum, kuchokera ku Chilatini mainchesi khumi ndi awiri, kutanthauza “zala khumi ndi ziŵiri”, ku mbali imeneyi ya matumbo aang’ono popeza kuti inali yaitali zala khumi ndi ziŵiri.