Edible morel (Morchella esculenta) chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

zambiri (Morchella esculenta)

Chipatso thupi edible morel ndi yayikulu, minofu, yopanda kanthu mkati, chifukwa chake bowa ndi wopepuka kwambiri, 6-15 (mpaka 20) cm wamtali. Amakhala ndi "mwendo" ndi "kapu". Morel edible amadziwika kuti ndi bowa wamkulu kwambiri wa banja la morel.

mutu mu edible morel, monga lamulo, imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovoid kapena ovoid-ozungulira, nthawi zambiri imakhala yosalala-yozungulira kapena yozungulira; m'mphepete mwamphamvu amamatira ku mwendo. Kutalika kwa cap - 3-7 cm, m'mimba mwake - 3-6 (mpaka 8) cm. Mtundu wa kapu kuchokera kuchikasu-bulauni mpaka bulauni; kumakhala mdima ndi ukalamba ndi kuyanika. Popeza mtundu wa chipewa uli pafupi ndi mtundu wa masamba akugwa, bowa sawoneka bwino mu zinyalala. Pamwamba pa kapu ndi wosagwirizana kwambiri, wokwinya, wokhala ndi maenje akuya-maselo amitundu yosiyanasiyana, okhala ndi hymenium. Maonekedwe a maselo ndi osakhazikika, koma pafupi ndi ozungulira; iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi yopapatiza (1 mm wandiweyani), sinuous makutu-nthiti, kotalika ndi yopingasa, akuda kuwala kuposa maselo. Ma cellwa amafanana ndi zisa, chifukwa chake amodzi mwa mayina achingerezi a edible morel - uchi morel.

mwendo The morel ndi cylindrical, wokhuthala pang'ono m'munsi, dzenje mkati (amapanga patsekeke limodzi ndi kapu), brittle, 3-7 (mpaka 9) cm yaitali ndi 1,5-3 masentimita wandiweyani. Mu bowa achichepere, tsinde lake ndi loyera, koma limadetsedwa ndi ukalamba, kukhala lachikasu kapena lokoma. Mu bowa wokhwima bwino, tsinde lake limakhala lofiirira, la mealy kapena lophwanyika pang'ono, nthawi zambiri limakhala ndi mizere yotalikirapo m'munsi.

Pulp thupi la fruiting ndi lopepuka (loyera, loyera-kirimu kapena lachikasu-ocher), waxy, woonda kwambiri, wosalimba komanso wachifundo, amasweka mosavuta. Kukoma kwa zamkati ndikokoma; palibe fungo losiyana.

spore powder yellowish, kuwala ocher. Spores ndi ellipsoid, yosalala, kawirikawiri granular, colorless, 19-22 × (11-15) µm mu kukula, kukhala mu matumba zipatso (asci), kupanga mosalekeza wosanjikiza pamwamba pamwamba pa kapu. Asci ndi cylindrical, 330 × 20 microns mu kukula.

The edible morel imagawidwa kumadera otentha a Northern Hemisphere - ku Eurasia mpaka Japan ndi North America, komanso ku Australia ndi Tasmania. Zimachitika limodzi, kawirikawiri m'magulu; osowa, ngakhale ambiri pakati bowa morel. Imamera pamalo owala bwino pa nthaka yachonde, yokhala ndi laimu - kuchokera kumadera otsika mpaka kumapiri otsetsereka: m'malo otsetsereka (birch, msondodzi, poplar, alder, oak, phulusa ndi elm), komanso m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi coniferous. , m’mapaki ndi m’minda ya zipatso za maapulo; zofala m'malo audzu, otetezedwa (pa kapinga ndi m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, pansi pa tchire, m'malo otsetsereka, pafupi ndi mitengo yakugwa, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje). Itha kumera m'malo amchenga, pafupi ndi malo otayiramo zinyalala komanso m'malo oyaka moto. Kum'mwera kwa Dziko Lathu, amapezeka m'minda yamasamba, minda yakutsogolo ndi kapinga. Bowa limeneli limakula kwambiri m’nyengo ya masika, kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa April mpaka June, makamaka pakagwa mvula yofunda. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'nkhalango pa nthaka yachonde kwambiri kapena yocheperako pansi pa mitengo yophukira, nthawi zambiri m'malo audzu, otetezedwa bwino: pansi pa tchire, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pa kapinga m'mapaki ndi m'minda.

Ku Western Europe, bowa limapezeka pakati pa Epulo mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi, makamaka m'zaka zofunda - kuyambira Marichi. M'dziko Lathu, bowa nthawi zambiri siwoneka koyambirira kwa Meyi, koma zimatha mpaka pakati pa Juni, nthawi zina, m'nyengo yotentha yotentha, ngakhale koyambirira kwa Okutobala.

Morel wodyedwa sangasokonezedwe ndi bowa wakupha. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yofananira ndi conical morel ndi morel wamtali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira a kapu, mawonekedwe, kukula ndi dongosolo la maselo. The morel yozungulira (Morchella rotunda) ndi yofanana kwambiri ndi iyo, yomwe, komabe, nthawi zambiri imawonedwa ngati imodzi mwamawonekedwe a edible morel.

Zoyenera kudyedwa bowa wa gulu lachitatu. Ndikoyenera kudya mukatha kuwira m'madzi otentha amchere kwa mphindi 10-15 (msuzi watsanulidwa), kapena mutatha kuyanika popanda kuwira.

Video ya bowa Morel edible: