Mwamwayi, mankhwala a ECT asintha kwambiri kuyambira pomwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kumapeto kwa 30s. M'malo mozimiririka kuchokera ku zida zochizira, amagwiritsidwabe ntchito pochiza kupsinjika kwakukulu kapena matenda ena a schizophrenia.

Electroconvulsive therapy kapena seismotherapy, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) masiku ano, imakhala ndi kutumiza mphamvu yamagetsi ku ubongo kuti ipange khunyu (khunyu). Chidwi chimachokera ku zochitika za thupi: ndi chitetezo ndi kupulumuka reflex, panthawi yachisokonezo cha ubongo ubongo umatulutsa ma neurotransmitters osiyanasiyana ndi ma neurohormones (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kusokonezeka maganizo. Zinthu izi zimalimbikitsa ma neurons ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwatsopano.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) ikhoza kuchitidwa panthawi yachipatala kapena kuchipatala. Chilolezo cha wodwalayo ndi chovomerezeka, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ntchito iliyonse yachipatala.

Mosiyana ndi kuyambika kwa seismotherapy, wodwalayo tsopano amayikidwa pansi pa anesthesia yaifupi (5 mpaka 10 mphindi) ndi curarization: amabayidwa ndi curare, chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa ziwalo za minofu, kuti ateteze kugwedezeka kwa minofu ndi kuteteza 'iye satero' adadzipweteka yekha.

Katswiri wa zamaganizo amaika maelekitirodi osiyanasiyana pamutu wa wodwalayo, kuti athe kuyang'anira zochitika za ubongo panthawi yonseyi. Kenako kukondoweza kwamagetsi kobwerezabwereza kwakanthawi kochepa kwambiri (osakwana masekondi 8) kwamphamvu yotsika kwambiri (0,8 amperes) kumaperekedwa ku chigaza kuti apangitse kukomoka kwa masekondi pafupifupi makumi atatu. Kufooka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi iyi kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kupewa zovuta zomwe zidawoneka pambuyo pa electroshock:

Magawowo akhoza kubwerezedwa 2 kapena 3 pa sabata, chifukwa cha machiritso kuyambira magawo angapo mpaka pafupifupi makumi awiri, malingana ndi kusintha kwa thanzi la wodwalayo.

Malinga ndi malingaliro azaumoyo, ECT itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mzere woyamba pakakhala chiwopsezo choyika moyo (chiwopsezo chodzipha, kuwonongeka kwakukulu) kapena ngati thanzi la wodwala silikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ” mtundu wina wogwira mtima. Thandizo, kapena ngati chithandizo chamzere wachiwiri pambuyo pakulephera kwa chithandizo chamankhwala chokhazikika, m'matenda osiyanasiyana awa:

• kukhumudwa kwakukulu;
• bipolarity pachimake manic kuukira;
• mitundu ina ya schizophrenia (schizoaffective disorders, pachimake paranoid syndromes).

Komabe, si mabungwe onse omwe amachita ECT, ndipo pali kusiyana kwakukulu m'gawo lachithandizochi.

Pambuyo pa gawoli

Ndizofala kuona mutu, nseru, kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa.

Zotsatira

Kuchiritsa kwakanthawi kochepa kwa ECT pa kupsinjika kwakukulu kwawonetsedwa mu 85 mpaka 90%, mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yofananira ndi antidepressants. Chithandizo chophatikizika chimafunika kutsatira chithandizo ndi ECT, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamphamvu (35 ndi 80% molingana ndi zolemba) za kukhumudwa komwe kumabweranso chaka chotsatira. Itha kukhala chithandizo chamankhwala kapena kuphatikiza magawo a ECT.

Ponena za bipolarity, kafukufuku amasonyeza kuti ECT ndi yothandiza kwambiri ngati lithiamu pa manic manic attack mwa odwala omwe amalandira ma neuroleptics, ndipo amalola kuti achitepo kanthu mofulumira pa chisokonezo ndi chisangalalo.

Kuopsa kwake

ECT siyambitsa kulumikizana kwaubongo, koma zoopsa zina zimapitilira. Kuopsa kwa imfa yokhudzana ndi anesthesia wamba kumayesedwa pa 2 pa magawo a 100 ECT, ndi chiwerengero cha odwala pa ngozi ya 000 pa 1 mpaka 1 magawo.