Kupha mosadziwika bwino, umboni wosocheretsa, kufufuza kodzaza ndi zochitika… Pafupifupi aliyense amakonda nkhani zaukazitape. Chifukwa chiyani? Mkhalapakati ndi wolemba mbiri yakale David Evans amathandizira kuyankha funsoli. Malinga ndi iye, zinsinsi, monga nthano za ana, zimatichotsa ku mantha kupita ku chitsimikizo.
Tonse timakonda nkhani, ndipo ambiri aife timakopeka kwambiri ndi zinsinsi zakupha komanso nthano za imfa ndi chipwirikiti.
Mkhalapakati komanso wolemba mabuku David Evans, akutchula ziwerengero zamakampani osindikiza, akuti mu 2018, owerenga amakonda zinsinsi zakupha - kugulitsa mabuku otere motsogozedwa ndi malire. “Koma mabuku ena ongopeka ali ndi upandu wochuluka, kuphana ndi chipwirikiti,” iye akutero. Nchiyani chimapangitsa nkhani zaupolisi kukhala zosiyana?
Evans akuyamba kusanthula kwake poganizira mawonekedwe amtunduwu. Kodi tanthauzo lake ndi lotani?
M'malo mwake, nkhani iliyonse yofufuza zakale iyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi:
1. Kupha. Chofunikira choyamba pa nkhani ya wapolisi ndi kupha. Winawake amaphedwa koyambirira kwa nkhaniyo, ndipo chochitikacho ndi injini yomwe imayendetsa nkhani yonseyo. Zimabweretsa funso lalikulu lomwe liyenera kuthetsedwa pomaliza.
2. Wakupha. Ngati wina waphedwa, ndiye adachita ndani?
3. Wofufuza. Wina amayesetsa kuthetsa mlanduwo ndikuweruza wakuphayo.
M'mabuku ndi mafilimu, pali anthu ambiri, pafupifupi opanda malire omwe amatenga udindo wa "detective". Uyu ndi mdzakazi wakale Abiti Marple ndi eccentric Hercule Poirot, m'busa wazaka zapakati Bambo Brown ndi wachichepere wokongola Sidney Chambers, munthu wonenepa Nero Wolfe yemwe samachoka mnyumba mwake komanso loya wogwira ntchito Perry Mason, waluntha komanso wokongola. Erast Fandorin ndi "mfumu ya ofufuza" Nat Pinkerton, mtsikana -Mnyamata Flavia de Luce ndi Detective Inspector Barnaby wodziwa zambiri ... Ndipo izi sizomwe mungachite!
Tikafika pa denouement, yankho lathu liyenera kukhala: “O, ndithudi! Tsopano nanenso ndikuziwona!”
Ofufuza ndi omwe ife owerenga timawadziwa nthawi zambiri. Iwo si ngwazi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zolakwika ndipo amakumana ndi mikangano yamkati, zovuta, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwoneka kuti sangathe kupeza wakuphayo.
4. Mikhalidwe ndi nkhani. Monga momwe zilili posankha wapolisi, mndandandawu uli pafupifupi wopanda malire. Zomwezo zitha kuchitika kumbuyo kwa mapiri kapena mzinda waphokoso, kumidzi yachisanu ku Europe kapena pachilumba cha paradiso m'nyanja. Komabe, munkhani yabwino yofufuza zakale, kukhulupirira ndikofunikira. Wowerenga ayenera kukhulupilira zenizeni za dziko limene adamizidwa. Palibe zenizeni zamatsenga, David Evans akugogomezera.
5. Njira. Njira yomwe wapolisiyo amazindikirira wakuphayo iyeneranso kukhala yodalirika. Palibe matsenga kapena zidule. M'nkhani yodziwika bwino ya ofufuza, zowunikira zimawonekera nthawi zonse, koma wolemba kapena wojambula zithunzi, ndi luso lamatsenga, amazipatutsa pamithunzi kapena kuzipangitsa kukhala zosamvetsetseka.
Ndipo tikafika pa denouement, zomwe timachita ziyenera kukhala motere: “O, ndithudi! Tsopano nanenso ndikuziwona!” Zonse zikawululidwa, chithunzicho chimapangidwa - zonse zimaphatikizidwa kukhala chithunzi chimodzi chomveka, chomwe chiyenera kuwonekera kwa ife. Kuvumbula chinsinsi pamene chiwembucho chinkayamba, tinayesa kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zonse komanso ngakhale kufotokozera chiyambi cha chitukuko cha zochitika, koma panthawi yomweyi wolembayo adakokera chidwi chathu ku lingaliro lachinyengo ndipo anatitumiza ku njira yolakwika.
6. Chidaliro. M'malingaliro a wolemba, iyi ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri pa nkhani ya ofufuza zakale, mtundu wa archetypal ngati Ulendo wa Hero.
Ndi ulendo wochoka ku mantha kupita ku chitsimikizo
Mwachidule, nkhaniyo imayamba pamene chinthu chowopsya chikuchitika, kuchititsa chisokonezo, kusatsimikizika, ndi mantha pamene okhudzidwa amayesa kupeza momwe angachitire. Kenako wina wofunikira akuwonekera kuti azitha kuthana ndi mlanduwo, kaya ndi wapolisi wofufuza kapena ayi.
Malingana ndi David Evans, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wofufuza za chigawengacho akuganiza "kuyenda ulendo." Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, iye kapena iwo amakhala ophunzira athu: pamodzi ndi iwo, ife tokha timapita paulendo.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, akatswiri a zamaganizo anachita ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Iwo ananena kuti nthano zoŵerengera ana zinali ndi chiyambukiro chopindulitsa pa moyo wawo wamalingaliro. Zinapezeka kuti nthano zimathandiza ana kuthana ndi mantha ndi zowawa komanso nkhawa zochepa nazo.
Timakonda zinsinsi zakupha chifukwa nkhanizi nthawi zonse zimatha mu chiwombolo.
Ndipo nkhani zapamwamba zofufuza, nazonso, zimatha kukhala ngati "nthano za akulu."
Tikukhala m’dziko lodzaza ndi nkhondo, chiwawa ndi masoka. Koma mabuku ofufuza ndi mafilimu operekedwa kuti athetse zinsinsi ndi kuphana angatipatse chiyembekezo. Amafotokoza nkhani zomwe zimayamba ndi zochitika zoopsa, koma kenako zimagwirizanitsa zoyesayesa za anthu, omwe ambiri a iwo ali okonzeka kuyika moyo wawo pachiswe ndi kuchita masuku pamutu kuti agonjetse zoipa ndi khama lalikulu.
Timakonda zinsinsi zakupha chifukwa nkhanizi nthawi zonse zimathera mu chiwombolo, kupereka chiyembekezo ndikuthandizira kuchoka ku mantha kupita ku chitsimikizo.
Za Wolemba: David Evans ndi mkhalapakati komanso wolemba mabuku okhudza mbiri ya chikhalidwe.