M'bukuli, tiwona imodzi mwazambiri zodziwika bwino zamasamu - Chiphunzitso Chomaliza cha Fermat, lomwe linalandira dzina lake polemekeza katswiri wa masamu wa ku France Pierre de Fermat, amene analipanga mwachisawawa mu 1637.
Chidziwitso cha theorem
Kwa nambala yachilengedwe iliyonse n> 2 equation:
an + bn =cn
ilibe mayankho mumagulu osakhala ziro a, b и c.
Mbiri yopeza umboni
Ngakhale kupangidwa kosavuta kwa Fermat's Last Theorem pamlingo wa masamu osavuta asukulu, kufunafuna umboni wake kudatenga zaka zopitilira 350. Izi zidachitidwa ndi akatswiri odziwika bwino a masamu ndi amateurs, chifukwa chake amakhulupirira kuti chiphunzitsocho ndi mtsogoleri paumboni wolakwika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, English ndi American masamu Andrew John Wiles anakhala amene anatha kutsimikizira izo. Izi zinachitika mu 1994, ndipo zotsatira zake zinasindikizidwa mu 1995.
Kalelo m'zaka za zana la XNUMX, kuyesa kupeza umboni wa n = 3 Ntchitoyi idapangidwa ndi Abu Mahmud Hamid ibn al-Khizr al-Khojandi, katswiri wa masamu wa Tajik komanso wa zakuthambo. Komabe, ntchito zake sizinakhalepo mpaka lero.
Fermat mwiniyo adatsimikizira theorem yekha n = 4, zomwe zimadzutsa mafunso okhudza ngati anali ndi umboni wamba.
Komanso umboni wa theorem zosiyanasiyana n analangiza akatswiri a masamu awa:
- chifukwa n = 3Anthu: Leonhard Euler (wa ku Swiss, German ndi masamu ndi makanika) mu 1770;
- chifukwa n = 5Anthu: Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (katswiri wa masamu wa ku Germany) ndi Adrien Marie Legendre (katswiri wa masamu wa ku France) mu 1825;
- chifukwa n = 7: Gabriel Lame (katswiri wa masamu wa ku France, makanika, physics ndi injiniya);
- pakuti zonse zosavuta n <100 (kupatulapo zoyambira zosakhazikika 37, 59, 67): Ernst Eduard Kummer (katswiri wa masamu waku Germany).