Fir Korea

M'chilengedwe, fir waku Korea amakhala kumadera amapiri kumwera kwa Korea Peninsula. Monga lamulo, amapezeka m'nkhalango zosakanikirana ndi Ayan spruce ndi Erman birch (1).

Mitundu ya fir yaku Korea

Ndikoyenera kumvetsetsa kuti si fir iliyonse yaku Korea yomwe ili yoyenera m'nyumba zachilimwe. Zonse m'maonekedwe ndi khalidwe. Mitundu ndi mitundu imasiyana makamaka kukula, mtundu wa singano ndi ma cones, mawonekedwe a korona. Koma izi ndi zakunja, komabe, fir yaku Korea ilinso ndi mawonekedwe amkati. Mitundu ina imagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu ndi chilala, pamene ina imakhala yofewa, yomwe imafuna chisamaliro chokhazikika. Zina zimafunikira kuumbidwa, ndipo zina zimasunga mawonekedwe awo abwino kwa zaka zambiri.

Zomera zonsezi zimakhalanso ndi zinthu zofanana: singano zofewa zopanda yunifolomu zozungulira m'malo mokhala ndi nsonga zakuthwa komanso zowoneka bwino, osati zolendewera, koma ma cones. Posankha chomera, muyenera kulabadira mawonekedwe a tsambalo komanso, zowona, zomwe mumakonda. Nawa mitundu yofala kwambiri.

Silberlock

Сilberlock (Silberlocke). Mitundu iyi imakhala ndi mawonekedwe a chulucho choyenera chokhala ndi korona m'munsi mwa 3 m, osapitilira 5 m kutalika. Imakula ndi 8 cm pachaka. Khungwa la imvi la mtengo wokhwima limapanga ming'alu yowoneka bwino yofiirira. Mphukira zopyapyala zopyapyala zimasintha mtundu kukhala wofiirira pakapita nthawi.

Ndani angakonde. Kwa iwo omwe alibe mtundu wa khadi lochezera malowa, katchulidwe kake kamene kamakopa maso ndipo amakumbukiridwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ichi ndi chomera chomwe amakonda wamaluwa, okonza malo, chifukwa ambiri a iwo amalemekeza woweta waku Germany Günther Horstmann, yemwe adabweretsa izi m'ma 80s azaka zapitazi.

Zomwe zimadabwitsa. Zikuwoneka kuti fir ya Silverlock imakutidwa ndi chisanu ngakhale masiku otentha. Ndipo zonse chifukwa singano zofewa zimasintha mtundu - kuchokera ku zobiriwira zobiriwira pa thunthu mpaka buluu wowala kumapeto kwa nthambi. Singanozo ndizopindika mozungulira mozungulira ndipo zikuwoneka kuti mtengo wonse ukunyezimira. Sizodabwitsa kuti dzinali, komabe, ndi kutambasula pang'ono likhoza kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi ngati siliva curl. Pofika zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, m'chaka, kukongoletsa kwina kumawonekera pamtengowo - ma cones akuluakulu ofiirira (7 × 3 cm) mu mawonekedwe a cone kapena silinda, akumamatira ngati makandulo a Chaka Chatsopano.

Kobzala. Palibe malo abwinoko a Silberlok kuposa pafupi ndi phiri loyera la alpine kapena pakati pa bedi la maluwa, udzu wokonzedwa bwino, m'mphepete mwa dziwe lochita kupanga. Fir amawoneka bwino pamodzi ndi barberry, thuja, juniper. Ngati chiwembucho ndi chachikulu, ndizoyambirira kuyika mitengo ngati mkanda wamtengo wapatali mozungulira kampanda kakang'ono kapena m'mphepete mwa njira ndi tinjira.

Momwe mungasamalire. Silberlok amamva bwino pamalo adzuwa komanso ngakhale pamthunzi pang'ono. Komabe, firiji iyenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu ndi zojambula. Mukathirira pang'ono, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa kumtunda wa nthaka.

diamondi

Wanzeru. Ichi ndi chomera chaching'ono chomwe chimatha kupirira zovuta kwambiri popanda kutaya kukongola kwake. Kutalika kwanthawi zonse ndi 30 - 50 cm, koma umu ndi momwe fir wazaka zisanu amakhalira, chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwapachaka kwa 4 cm. Singano kuyambira 8 mpaka 20 mm, wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yocheperako, yopepuka yotalikirapo. Korona ndi mawonekedwe a pilo kapena mpira wokhala ndi mainchesi osapitilira 0,8 m. Fir imakongoletsedwa ndi ma cones oval, omwe amatembenuka kuchoka ku lilac kupita ku bulauni pakapita nthawi. Mizu pafupi ndi pamwamba. Fir amakhala zaka 300-400.

Ndani angakonde. Opanga fungo labwino, chifukwa singano za fir zimatulutsa fungo lodziwika bwino komanso losangalatsa kwambiri ndi utoto wa mandimu. Fir idzasangalatsa komanso ma aesthetes, motsimikiza sadzasiya kupeza chomera chimodzi. Osonkhanitsa a conifers sangakane Korea yotereyi, chifukwa chitsambacho chidzakhala diamondi yeniyeni posonkhanitsa zomera zoterezi. Fir idzakondweretsanso iwo omwe akudwala kusowa tulo kapena migraines kawirikawiri monga machiritso ogwira mtima, obzalidwa pakona yapadera yopumula ndikufalitsa phytoncides achire kuzungulira.

Zomwe zimadabwitsa. Kuphatikiza pa zabwino zonse zomwe zimagwirizanitsa fir yaku Korea, mtundu uwu siwopanga, wopangidwa ndi obereketsa, koma zachilengedwe, zoyambirira, nthambi iliyonse yomwe poyamba idadulidwa ndi dzanja losaoneka la wojambula zithunzi.

Kobzala. Daimondi imatha kumera mumthunzi komanso padzuwa, imalowa m'malo aliwonse, chifukwa cha mizu yake yolumikizana imalumikizana mosavuta mumiphika yaing'ono ndi miphika yamaluwa. Zotsirizirazi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa kumbali zonse ziwiri za khomo la malo kapena bwalo. Esotericists amakhulupirira kuti fir imathamangitsa zoipa ndikukopa zabwino ndi chisangalalo kunyumba ndi malo. Mwana wa fir ndi wabwino modabwitsa mu nyimbo za rock. Imakonda nthaka yokhala ndi acidity yambiri, choncho dzenjelo limakutidwa ndi peat yapamwamba (20 kg pa 1 sq. M).

Momwe mungasamalire. M'nyengo yozizira mkatikati mwa msewu, chitsamba sichikhoza kuphimbidwa, chifukwa chimalekerera chisanu mpaka -29 ° C, komabe, kutentha kwamphamvu komanso kwautali sikuli bwino kwa izo ndiyeno ndikoyenera kuziziritsa ndi kuwaza kapena chifunga chochita. ngati pali kukhazikitsa koteroko).

Molly

Molly (Chofewa). Chomera chomwe chimakhala zaka 300, chomwe chimatha kukula mpaka 4 m ndikufikira korona wa mita 3. Koma mtengowo sudzakondwera ndi miyeso yotere posachedwa, chifukwa umakula pang'onopang'ono - ndi 6 - 7 cm mu msinkhu pachaka.

Ndani angakonde. Molly ndi wabwino kwa iwo omwe sadziwa kapena safuna kusokoneza kudulira, chifukwa safuna kupangidwa. Kukongola kowoneka bwino, monga lamulo, sikutaya mawonekedwe a kondomu yokhala ndi korona wa piramidi ndikuwombera m'mwamba.

Zomwe zimadabwitsa. Masingano aafupi obiriwira obiriwira (2 - 3 cm) amawala, ngati ataphimbidwa ndi gloss. Kuchokera pansi, singano iliyonse imakhala yasiliva chifukwa cha mikwingwirima iwiri yowala. Ma cones (5,5 × 2 cm) poyamba amakhala abuluu ndi utoto wofiirira, koma akakhwima, amasanduka bulauni mchaka choyamba, ndipo amagwa pofika nyengo yachiwiri.

Kobzala. Molly ndi mlombwa wokhawokha, wabwino ngati mtengo wokhazikika, kutali ndi njira kuti palibe amene amakhudza nthambi zosalimba, zosweka mosavuta. Mumpanda, chomeracho chimagwiranso ntchito bwino chifukwa cha korona wake wandiweyani, ngakhale kuti sichimalekerera mthunzi bwino - imatambasula ndikupindika.

Momwe mungasamalire. Bzalani m'dothi lachonde, lotayidwa bwino, lotayirira, lokhala acidic pang'ono. Sankhani malo kamodzi kokha, chifukwa chomeracho sichilola kuyika. Madzi pang'ono, chifukwa Molly amavutika kwambiri ndi chilala. Pogona m'nyengo yozizira ku chisanu, mphepo, kutentha kwa dzuwa kwa masika ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha.

Blue Emperor

Blue Emperor (BlueEmperor). Mitundu yocheperako mpaka 1,5 m kutalika ndi m'lifupi. Korona-pilo wa mawonekedwe osasamba, zokwawa pansi. Palibe mphukira yapakati, nthambi zonse zimatambalala ndipo zimakula 5-8 cm pachaka.

Singanozo ndi zasiliva-buluu, singanozo ndi zazifupi, zokongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yoyera pansi, yozungulira pang'ono kumapeto ngati masamba.

Ndani angakonde. Kwa eni ziwembu zazing'ono, Blue Emperor ndiyabwino. Sichitenga malo ambiri ndipo chimatha kuduliridwa pang'onopang'ono ngati chikukula kwambiri.

Zomwe zimadabwitsa. Kuyang'ana mmwamba, monga ma fir ena aku Korea, ma cones a buluu kapena ofiirira a chitsamba ichi amawoneka mochuluka modabwitsa ngakhale pa zomera zazing'ono. Amatalikitsidwa mu ellipse 4-7 cm kutalika, ndipo mamba ophimba amapindika, ngati maluwa amatabwa akuphuka. Blue Emperor imalimbana ndi matenda a fungal komanso zovuta. Kupatulapo kuipitsidwa kwa gasi ndi utsi, chitsamba chawo sichilekerera.

Kobzala. Blue Emperor idzakongoletsa maluwa ang'onoang'ono, dimba la rock, dimba mumayendedwe akum'mawa. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti garaja imayima kutali.

Momwe mungasamalire. Fir iyi imathiriridwa mowolowa manja powaza pa kutentha. Zaka 3 zoyambirira mutabzala, tchire limakutidwa m'nyengo yozizira komanso nthawi yachisanu yobwerera, ndipo nthaka imakumbidwa.

Kohouts Icebreaker

Chombo cha Kohout. Uwunso ndi mitundu yotsika, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a pilo wandiweyani wokhala ndi mainchesi osapitilira 1,0 - 1,2 m. Pofika zaka 10, sichidutsa 30 cm mu msinkhu, ngakhale kuti chimafika pamtunda wa 50 - 80 cm. Amatchedwa dzina la Mlengi wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, wobereketsa wa ku Germany . Dzinali limamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chijeremani kuti "Kogout's icebreaker".

Ndani angakonde. Shrub idzakopa aliyense amene amakonda zosazolowereka, zopambanitsa, zovuta. Iwo omwe amakhala m'madera ozizira kwambiri ozizira amasangalalanso ndi fir iyi, chifukwa imalekerera bwino chisanu, koma osati mphepo.

Zomwe zimadabwitsa. Kohouts Icebreaker ikuwoneka kuti yawazidwa tizidutswa tating'ono ta ayezi ndipo kutentha ndi mawonekedwe ake kumabweretsa kuzizira. Chiwonetserocho chimapangidwa ndi singano zofewa komanso zazifupi, 2 cm iliyonse, yopindika mwamphamvu m'mwamba, yomwe imasonyeza mbali yapansi ya siliva-buluu. Nsonga zosamveka za singano zimasonyeza kuti awa ndi ayezi. Makandulo okongola a cones ali ndi kukula kwa 6 × 3 cm.

Kobzala. Malo abwino kwambiri ndi dimba la miyala yaku Japan pa dothi lokhala ndi acidity yochepa. Wo rocker adzachitanso. Kuphatikiza apo, lero ndizowoneka bwino kuyika mbewu zazing'ono zosazolowereka muzotengera zokongoletsera, machubu opangira maluwa ndi miphika yamaluwa, kuziyika pamasitepe, udzu, pafupi ndi gazebos.

Momwe mungasamalire. Pakutentha, muyenera kuthirira madzi pafupipafupi. Apo ayi, fir izi sizimayambitsa vuto.

Kubzala fir waku Korea

Ndi bwino kusuntha fir yaku Korea pamalo otseguka ikafika zaka 3-4, ndipo izi zisanachitike ziyenera kukhala m'zotengera kunyumba kapena mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mbeu zikadali zazing'ono, zimakhala zosatetezeka kwambiri, ndipo kuyika pang'ono kumatha kupha. Izi whims kumayambiriro kwa moyo wawo sadzapirira nyengo yathu yozizira, ngakhale mutawaphimba bwanji. Koma akakhala amphamvu komanso owumitsidwa, amakula bwino m'njira yapakati komanso kudera la Moscow. Ndipo ku Far East, zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri, popeza pafupi ndi malo obadwirako fir - Korea ndi chilumba chake chachikulu kwambiri, chotetezedwa ndi UNESCO, Jeju - malo oyambira zomera izi.

Mbande zamitundu yambiri zimafunikira malo amthunzi komanso odekha, osankhidwa kamodzi, chifukwa kupatsirana kumakhala kovuta kupirira. Ngati mizu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ikufalikira mwamphamvu, ndiye kuti sipayenera kukhala oyandikana nawo pafupi. Amasiya mtunda wa 4-5 m pakati pa mitengo ikuluikulu m'mikwalala, 3-3,5 m m'magulu otayirira ndi 2,5 m m'zobzala zowirira. Khosi la mizu liyenera kukhala pamtunda, chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha kutsika kwa nthaka, mmera umayikidwa kuti muzu wake ukhale 10-20 cm pamwamba. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa akuluakulu.

Dothi lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi lokhala ndi acidity yochepa limafunikira. Ngakhale pali zosiyana, ndikofunikira kutsatira zomwe zaperekedwa pofotokoza zamitundu ina.

M'madera otsika, mitengo ya fir imakonzedwa kuti madzi asasunthike. Choyamba, amakumba dzenje lakuya masentimita 70, m'mimba mwake zimatengera kukula kwa korona. Njerwa zosweka, mchenga kapena dongo lokulitsidwa limayikidwa pansi, kenako dothi lamunda ndi peat. Mizu ya mmera motsutsana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus imamizidwa kwa theka la ola mu njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate.

Mbewu imabzalidwa pa mulu wopangidwa pakati pa dzenje, mizu imagawidwa m'mbali, yokutidwa ndi dothi, lopangidwa. Nthawi yomweyo kuthirira mbewu, kuthera 2 ndowa madzi. Kubzala mulch ndi utuchi kapena singano zouma. Kuthirira kumachitika tsiku lililonse mpaka singano zatsopano ziwonekere. Chabwino, ndiye ngati pakufunika.

Kusamalira fir waku Korea

Fir ya ku Korea imathiriridwa ndi madzi pang'ono, katatu pa nyengo, kawiri pamwezi pa chilala, ndipo kuwaza kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito nyengo yotentha. Masulani ndi mulch nthaka nthawi zonse.

M'zaka 3 - osati kale! - Fir amathiridwa feteleza wovuta wa conifers, mwachitsanzo, Florovit, yomwe ndi madzi, aerosol ndi granular. Zosankha zina - Fertika wa conifers, Bona Forte coniferous, Aquarin coniferous. Bwerezani kuvala pamwamba kamodzi pachaka.

Dulani korona pamene kuli kofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zouma, zodwala ndi zowonongeka. Nthawi yoyenera ya njirayi ndi kumayambiriro kwa masika, musanayambe kuyamwa.

Zitsamba zazing'ono m'nyengo yozizira zimatetezedwa ndi zishango, zokutidwa ndi agrofibre. Akuluakulu sawopa chisanu, koma nthawi zina ma props amayikidwa pansi pa nthambi zazikulu kuti asathyole pansi pa zipewa za chipale chofewa.

Kuswana fir waku Korea

Pali njira zitatu zofalitsira zomwe mumakonda zaku Korea. Zowona, si onse omwe ali padziko lonse lapansi, oyenera mitundu iliyonse.

Mbewu. Mbewu zimachotsedwa m'mitsempha yomwe imatseguka m'dzinja ndikusungidwa kwa mwezi umodzi pa kutentha pang'ono kwa zero kuti ifulumire kumera. Kenako amawaviika kwa tsiku m'madzi ofunda, ofesedwa mu chidebe ndi dothi lotayirira mpaka 2 cm akuya, yokutidwa ndi filimu ndikuyika malo otentha. Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, mphukira zimawonekera, zomwe, kutalika kwa 3 cm, zimabzalidwa muzotengera zosiyana kwa zaka zitatu. Njirayi ndiyoyenera, mwachitsanzo, ya Silberlok, Blue Emperor.

Zodula. Mu Epulo, zodulidwa za 10-20 cm zimadulidwa pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku mphukira zapachaka, zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba apamwamba ndi chidendene (chidutswa cha khungwa), singano zimachotsedwa pansi ndi 2-3 cm, zosungidwa mu yankho la Kornevin. kwa tsiku ndi kuikidwa mu mchenga pa ngodya ya 45 °. Zodulidwazo zimasungidwa pansi pa filimu mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa miyezi 4, ndipo kale ndi mizu zimasamutsidwa ku miphika yokhayokha ndi mchenga ndi peat kuti zikule. Zoterezi mbande mu chaka ndi okonzeka kutenga malo awo pa malo kutchire.

Zigawo. Nthambi za m'munsi, popeza mitundu yambiri zimangoyenda pansi, kugwada pansi, kumangiriza ndi zitsulo kapena slingshots ndikuwaza ndi dothi 5 cm. M'nyengo yozizira, mphukira zimatulutsa mizu. Pambuyo pa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri, zigawozo zimasiyanitsidwa mosamala, kuziika ndi kusamalidwa ngati mbande zazing'ono.

Njira ziwiri zomaliza ndi zoyenera kwa mafir zomwe zimakhala zovuta kapena zosatheka kupeza mbewu (Kohouts Icebreaker), komanso kuchokera ku hybrids (Molly).

Matenda a Korean fir

Korea fir imalimbana kwambiri ndi matenda, ndipo ngati ikuvutika, imakhala ndi chisamaliro chosayenera kapena chosasamala. Chinyezi chochulukirapo chimakhala ndi kuvunda kwa mizu ndi kufa kwa mbewu. Dzuwa lamphamvu komanso lowala la masika limayambitsa zizindikiro zofiira pa singano zomwe sizitetezedwa munthawi yake.

Matenda a fungal amapezeka osati chifukwa cha kuthirira madzi, komanso chifukwa cha korona wandiweyani. Amawoneka ngati mawanga a bulauni pachomera, singano zimasanduka zachikasu, zimasweka. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa madera opanda thanzi, kudzoza magawowo ndi phula lamunda kapena bio-balm Robin wobiriwira, chingamu, RanNet phala, rosin, acrylic kapena mafuta utoto ndikupopera mbewuyo ndi Bordeaux osakaniza (2).

Eni olemekezeka a mafirs aku Korea ndi otolera amachita njira yofunika kwambiri yopewera matenda: koyambirira kwa kasupe amawathira ndi mankhwala okhala ndi mkuwa (HOM, Abiga Peak, blue vitriol) ndikudulira mosamala mwaukhondo.

Tizilombo ta Korea

M'dziko lathu, adani 3 akuluakulu a fir yaku Korea akuchulukirachulukira. Amawonekera kokha kumene mikhalidwe yoyenera ya moyo kwa akazi aku Korea siikukwaniritsidwa.

Hermes (3). Tizilombo tating'ono (2 mm) timayamwa madzi kuchokera ku zomera zazing'ono. Ndipotu, ndi aphid. Simudzawona tizirombo nthawi yomweyo, koma mawonekedwe awo akuwonekera bwino: oyera, ngati thonje fluff, komanso ndulu ngati tokhala, mwa njira, wokongola kwambiri.

Mankhwala atsopano ovuta motsutsana ndi Hermes - Pinocid (2). Singanowo amawathira ndi yankho logwira ntchito (2 ml pa 10 malita a madzi), amawononga 1 mpaka 5 malita, kutengera zaka ndi kukula kwa mtengo. Chotero mankhwala kwa tsiku kumatha tizilombo.

Njira zina zochizira Hermes ndi Kaisara, Basalo, Confidor, Aktara, Prestige, Rogor. Mafuta amchere amapereka zotsatira zabwino, zomwe zimasungunula zoyera komanso zimapangitsa kuti mphutsi ziwonongeke.

njenjete ya spruce. Kachilombo kokhala ndi mapiko sikuwopsa ngati mbozi, zomwe zimadya kumapeto kwa mphukira, kenako zimauma.

Mbozi zimagwedezeka, kusonkhanitsa ndikuwonongedwa ndi manja. Zomera zimapopedwa ndi nicotine sulfate ndi sopo, ndipo nthambi zowonongeka zimadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa mu kugwa.

Tsamba. Gulugufe waung'ono (mpaka 2,5 cm) amadya nsabwe za m'masamba, koma mbozi yake yaubweya, yoyamba yachikasu, kenako uchi wakuda, imavulaza mwachindunji. Kutuluka mu masamba, iye amakulunga malekezero a mphukira ndi cobwebs ndi kudya singano zazing'ono. Mitundu ingapo ya parasitize pa firs - mafuta a leafworm, singano kachilomboka, mphukira, njere za cone, komanso zofiira ndi zakuda.

M'chaka, ndipo ngati pali timapepala tambiri, ndiye kuti m'chilimwe fir imapopera ndi Fufanon (2) kapena Actellik, Decis Profi, Kemifos, Mphezi, Mtsogoleri, Spark, Inta-vir.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Tinakambirana za Korea fir ndi сelector, candidate

Sayansi yaulimi Valentina Kokareva.

Magwero a

1. Mitengo ndi zitsamba za USSR. Zakuthengo, zolimidwa komanso zolonjeza zoyambitsa / Ed. mabuku S. Ya. Sokolov ndi BK Shishkin. // M-L .: Publishing House of Academy of Sciences ya USSR, 1949. -TI Gymnosperms. - 464 p.
2. Gulu la boma la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals omwe avomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'gawo la Federation kuyambira pa Julayi 6, 2021 // Unduna wa Zaulimi wa Federation https://mcx.gov.ru/ministry/departments/departament-rastenievodstva-mekhanizatsii-khimizatsii - i-zashchity-rasteniy/industry-information/info-gosudarstvennaya-usluga-po-gosudarstvennoy-registratsii-pestitsidov-i-agrokhimikatov/
3. Zerova M., Mamontova V., Ermolenko V., Dyakonchuk L., Sinev S., Kozlov M. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a zomera zolimidwa ndi zakutchire za gawo la ku Europe la USSR. Homoptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera // Kyiv, 1991.