A ziwengo chakudya ndi machitidwe achilendo komanso osagwirizana ndi chitetezo chamthupi pakumeza a chakudya.

Zakudya zosagwirizana ndi zakudya ndizofala (zokhudza 1 mpaka 6% ya anthu) ndipo zimatha kukhudza zakudya zambiri: mtedza (mtedza), mtedza, nsomba, nkhono, komanso tirigu, mapuloteni a mkaka wa ng'ombe, soya, dzira, zipatso zachilendo, etc. , zakudya zoposa 70 zimaganiziridwa allergen zotheka.

Zizindikiro zimasiyana molimba. Amachokera ku kusapeza kwakanthawi (kung'amba, kukwiya, kukhumudwa kwa m'mimba) mpaka ku zovuta zomwe zingakhale zakupha, zomwe zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala mwamsanga.

Ku Ulaya ndi North America, mtedza ndi walnuts, hazelnuts, amondi ndi zakudya zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi zochitika zazikulu zomwe zimayika moyo pachiswe.

The zosokonezeka Nthawi zambiri zimachitika pakangopita mphindi zochepa kapena ola limodzi mutadya chakudya chokhumudwitsacho.

Sikophweka nthawi zonse kuzindikiritsa motsimikiza chakudya chomwe simukugwirizana nacho. Kuonjezera apo, pakhoza kukhala zowawa zosiyanasiyana (monga mtedza ndi amondi) ndipo mpofunika kuyezetsa kuti mudziwe kuti ndi zakudya ziti zomwe zili ndi vuto makamaka kwa ana.

Pali zoyezetsa zingapo zoyezetsa kuti munthu ali ndi vuto losagwirizana ndi chakudya. The ziwengo "kufufuza" nthawi zonse kumayamba ndi kuyankhulana ndi a zamatsenga amene amafunsa za zizindikiro zomwe akumva komanso mbiri yake.

Ndiye n'zotheka kuchita:

• wa zoyesa khungu : Zimaphatikizapo kubweretsa maselo a dermis kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndizovuta. Mayeso a khungu awa amakhala ndikuyika dontho la allergen pakhungu kenako ndikupanga choboola pang'ono kudzera mudontho la reagent, kuti lilowe mu dermis. Mayesowa amachitidwa pa mkono kapena kumbuyo. Mutha kuchita zingapo nthawi imodzi. Mphindi khumi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu pambuyo pake, timayesa kukula kwa edema (kapena kufiira) komwe kwapanga ngati palidi ziwengo.
• un mayeso a serum IgE : kuyezetsa magazi kumalola kuyang'ana kukhalapo kwa mtundu wina wa ma immunoglobulins, IgE, mawonekedwe a ziwengo. Timayang'ana kukhalapo kwa IgE mwachindunji ku allergen yoyesedwa. Sikoyenera kukhala pamimba yopanda kanthu kuti muchite izi.
• wa mayeso a chigamba (kapena kuyezetsa zigamba): atha kukhala othandiza pazovuta zina, mwachitsanzo pazizindikiro zam'mimba kapena zapakhungu. Zimaphatikizapo kusunga allergen kukhudzana ndi khungu chifukwa cha chipangizo chodzimatirira chomwe sichiyenera kunyowa kapena kuchotsedwa musanawerenge zotsatira pambuyo pa maola 48 mpaka 96. Zigambazi nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa kumtunda kumbuyo.

Ngati mayeso amodzi kapena angapo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa awonetsa kukhalapo kwa ziwengo zazakudya, adotolo amalangiza kuti asamadye zakudya zonse, zokonzedwa kapena ayi, zomwe zimakhala ndi allergen. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yopewera ziwengo.

Adzaperekanso mankhwala oletsa ziwengo pakachitika mwangozi, makamaka ngati zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri (antihistamine, corticosteroids kapena adrenaline mu syringe yodzibaya - Epipen ku Quebec, Anapen ku France).

Nthawi zambiri, ziwengo zidzatsimikiziridwa ndi kuyesa kwa m'kamwa, komwe kumaphatikizapo kupereka allergen m'chipatala, pansi pa ulamuliro, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka Mlingo, mphindi 20 zilizonse mpaka zomwe zimachitika. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti zitheke kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimayambitsa zizindikiro ndikutanthauzira bwino mtundu wa zizindikiro.