Zamkatimu
Kuwonetseratu kowonekera kwa chidziwitso kumathandiza kuwongolera kuzindikira kwake. Mwina njira yosavuta yosinthira deta yowuma kukhala mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndikupanga ma graph ndi matebulo. Palibe katswiri amene angachite popanda iwo.
Ma graph ali ndi maubwino angapo kuposa njira zina zowonetsera zidziwitso. Choyamba, amakupatsani mwayi wokonza manambala omwe alipo ndikulosera zina. Mwa zina, kukonzekera kumakupatsani mwayi wowona kutsimikizika kwa manambala omwe alipo, chifukwa zolakwika zitha kuwoneka pambuyo popanga ndandanda.
Tikuthokoza Mulungu Excel imapangitsa kupanga ma chart kukhala njira yosavuta komanso yosavuta, kutengera manambala omwe alipo.
Kupanga graph mu Excel ndizotheka m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zili ndi zabwino komanso zoperewera. Koma tiyeni tione zonse mwatsatanetsatane.
Graph yosinthika yoyambira
Grafu imafunika ngati munthu akufunika kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa chizindikiro china chasintha pakapita nthawi. Ndipo graph wamba ndi yokwanira kumaliza ntchitoyi, koma zojambula zosiyanasiyana zimatha kupangitsa kuti chidziwitsocho chisawerengeke.
Tiyerekeze kuti tili ndi tebulo lomwe limapereka chidziwitso chokhudza ndalama zonse zamakampani pazaka zisanu zapitazi.
Zofunika. Ziwerengerozi sizikuyimira deta yeniyeni ndipo sizingakhale zenizeni. Amaperekedwa chifukwa cha maphunziro okha.
Kenako pitani ku tabu "Insert", komwe muli ndi mwayi wosankha mtundu wa tchati womwe ungakhale woyenera pazochitika zinazake.
Tili ndi chidwi ndi mtundu wa "Grafu". Pambuyo podina batani lolingana, zenera lomwe lili ndi zoikamo zowonekera kwa tchati chamtsogolo lidzawonekera. Kuti mumvetse kuti ndi njira iti yomwe ili yoyenera pazochitika zinazake, mutha kuyimitsa mbewa yanu pamtundu wina ndipo chenjezo lofananira lidzawonekera.
Pambuyo posankha tchati chomwe mukufuna, muyenera kukopera tebulo la deta ndikuligwirizanitsa ndi graph. Zotsatira zake zidzakhala zotsatirazi.
Kwa ife, chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mizere iwiri. Yoyamba ndi yofiira. Chachiwiri ndi buluu. Sitifunikira chomaliza, kotero titha kuchichotsa posankha ndikudina batani la "Chotsani". Popeza tili ndi mzere umodzi wokha, nthano (chida chokhala ndi mayina amizere yachati) itha kuchotsedwanso. Koma zolembera zimatchulidwa bwinoko. Pezani gulu la Zida za Chart ndi block Labels za Data pa Mapangidwe. Apa muyenera kudziwa malo a manambala.
Nkhwangwa zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zizitchulidwa kuti zipereke kuwerengeka kwakukulu kwa graph. Pa Mapangidwe, pezani mndandanda wa Mitu ya Axis ndikuyika dzina la nkhwangwa zoyima kapena zopingasa, motsatana.
Koma mukhoza kuchita popanda mutu. Kuti muchotse, muyenera kusunthira kudera la graph lomwe silikuwoneka ndi maso (pamwamba pake). Ngati mukufunabe mutu wa tchati, mutha kupeza zosintha zonse zofunika kudzera pa "Chart Title" pagawo lomwelo. Mutha kuzipezanso pagawo la Mapangidwe.
M'malo mwa chiwerengero cha chiwerengero cha chaka chofotokozera, ndikwanira kusiya chaka chokha chokha. Sankhani zomwe mukufuna ndikudina kumanja pa izo. Kenako dinani "Sankhani Data" - "Sinthani Horizontal Axis Label". Kenako, muyenera kukhazikitsa range. Kwa ife, ili ndilo gawo loyamba la tebulo lomwe ndilo gwero la chidziwitso. Zotsatira zake ndi izi.
Koma zambiri, mutha kusiya chilichonse, ndandanda iyi ikugwira ntchito. Koma ngati pakufunika kupanga mapangidwe okongola a tchati, ndiye kuti tabu ya "Designer" ili pautumiki wanu, yomwe imakulolani kufotokoza mtundu wakumbuyo wa tchati, mawonekedwe ake, ndikuyikanso pa pepala lina.
Kupanga Chiwembu chokhala ndi Ma Curve Angapo
Tiyerekeze kuti tifunika kuwonetsa kwa osunga ndalama osati phindu lokhalo la bizinesi, komanso kuchuluka kwa katundu wake. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chawonjezeka.
Ngakhale izi, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu mu njira yopangira graph poyerekeza ndi zomwe tafotokozazi. Kungoti tsopano nthanoyo iyenera kusiyidwa, chifukwa ntchito yake ikuchitika mwangwiro.
Kupanga olamulira achiwiri
Kodi ndi zotani zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti mupange mzere wina pa tchati? Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi wamba, ndiye kuti malangizo omwe tafotokoza kale ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya data ikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti axis ina iyenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Koma izi zisanachitike, muyenera kupanga graph yokhazikika, ngati kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi omwewo.
Pambuyo pake, olamulira wamkulu amawunikidwa. Kenako imbani menyu yankhaniyo. Padzakhala zinthu zambiri mmenemo, chimodzi mwa izo ndi "Data Series Format". Iyenera kukanikizidwa. Kenako zenera lidzawonekera pomwe muyenera kupeza chinthu cha "Row Options", ndikusankha "Pafupi ndi olamulira othandizira".
Kenako, tsekani zenera.
Koma iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zingatheke. Palibe amene amavutitsa, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito tchati chamtundu wina pa axis yachiwiri. Tiyenera kusankha kuti ndi mzere uti womwe umafuna kuti tiwonjezere olamulira ena, kenako dinani pomwepa ndikusankha "Sinthani Mtundu wa Tchati pa Mndandanda".
Kenako, muyenera kusintha "mawonekedwe" a mzere wachiwiri. Tinasankha kumamatira ndi bar chart.
Apa ndi momwe zimakhalira zosavuta. Ndikokwanira kungodina pang'ono, ndipo nsonga ina imawonekera, yokonzedwa kuti ikhale yosiyana.
Excel: Njira Yopangira Grafu ya Ntchito
Iyi ndi ntchito yomwe si yachidule, ndipo kuti mumalize, muyenera kuchita zinthu ziwiri zazikulu:
- Pangani tebulo lomwe limakhala ngati gwero la chidziwitso. Choyamba muyenera kusankha ntchito yomwe idzagwiritsidwe ntchito makamaka pa nkhani yanu. Mwachitsanzo, y=x(√x - 2). Pankhaniyi, tidzasankha mtengo 0,3 ngati sitepe yogwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Kwenikweni, pangani graph.
Choncho, tiyenera kupanga tebulo ndi mizati iwiri. Yoyamba ndi yopingasa (ndiko kuti, X), yachiwiri ndi yopingasa (Y). Mzere wachiwiri uli ndi mtengo woyamba, kwa ife ndi umodzi. Pa mzere wachitatu, muyenera kulemba mtengo womwe udzakhala 0,3 kuposa wapitawo. Izi zitha kuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mawerengedwe odziyimira pawokha, komanso polemba chilinganizo mwachindunji, chomwe kwa ife chidzakhala motere:
=A2+0,3.
Pambuyo pake, muyenera kuyika autocomplete pama cell otsatirawa. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani ma cell A2 ndi A3 ndikukokera bokosilo ku nambala yofunikira ya mizere pansi.
M'gawo loyima, tikuwonetsa chilinganizo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza graph yogwira ntchito potengera fomula yomalizidwa. Pankhani ya chitsanzo chathu, izi zingakhale =A2*(MUZU(A2-2). Pambuyo pake, amatsimikizira zochita zake ndi Enter key, ndipo pulogalamuyo idzawerengera zotsatira zake.
Kenako, muyenera kupanga pepala latsopano kapena kusintha lina, koma lomwe lilipo kale. Zowona, ngati pakufunika kufunikira kwachangu, mutha kuyika chithunzi apa (popanda kusunga pepala losiyana la ntchitoyi). Koma pokhapokha ngati pali malo ambiri aulere. Kenako dinani zinthu zotsatirazi: "Ikani" - "Tchati" - "Scatter".
Pambuyo pake, muyenera kusankha mtundu wa tchati womwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito. Kupitilira apo, kudina koyenera kwa mbewa kumapangidwa pagawo lachithunzi lomwe deta idzadziwike. Ndiye kuti, mutatsegula menyu yankhaniyo, muyenera dinani batani la "Sankhani data".
Kenako, muyenera kusankha ndime yoyamba, ndi kumadula "Add". Bokosi la zokambirana lidzawoneka, pomwe padzakhala zoikamo za dzina la mndandanda, komanso mfundo za nkhwangwa zopingasa ndi zowongoka.
Hurray, zotsatira zake ndi, ndipo zikuwoneka zabwino kwambiri.
Mofanana ndi graph yomwe idamangidwa koyambirira, mutha kufufuta nthanoyo, popeza tili ndi mzere umodzi wokha, ndipo palibe chifukwa chowonjezeranso.
Koma pali vuto limodzi - palibe mfundo pa X-axis, chiwerengero cha mfundo. Kuti mukonze vutoli, muyenera kutchula dzina la axis. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera dinani kumanja pa izo, ndiyeno sankhani "Sankhani Deta" - "Sinthani Zolemba Zopingasa". Mukamaliza ntchito izi, zomwe zimafunikira zimasankhidwa, ndipo graph idzawoneka chonchi.
Momwe mungaphatikizire ma chart angapo
Kuti mupange ma graph awiri pagawo limodzi, simufunika luso lapadera. Kuti muyambe, muyenera kuwonjezera gawo lotsatira ndi ntchito Z=X(√x - 3).
Kuti zimveke bwino, nali tebulo.
Timapeza ma cell omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chofunikira ndikusankha. Pambuyo pake, ziyenera kuikidwa mujambula. Ngati china chake sichikuyenda molingana ndi dongosolo (mwachitsanzo, mayina olakwika a mizere kapena manambala olakwika pa axis adalembedwa mwangozi), ndiye kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito chinthu cha "Sankhani data" ndikuzisintha. Chotsatira chake, chithunzi chonga ichi chidzawonekera, kumene mizere iwiriyi ikuphatikizidwa pamodzi.
Mapulani Odalira
Uwu ndi mtundu wa graph pomwe zomwe zili mumzere umodzi kapena gawo limodzi zimakhudza zotsatira za wina. Kuti mupange, muyenera kupanga mbale ngati iyi.
Zoyenera kuchita: А = f (E); В = f (E); С = f (E); D = f (E).
Kwa ife, tifunika kupeza chiwembu chobalalitsa ndi zolembera ndi ma curve osalala, popeza mtundu uwu ndi woyenera kwambiri pa ntchito zathu. Kenako dinani mabatani otsatirawa: Sankhani deta - Onjezani. Lolani dzina la mzere likhale "A" ndipo ma X akhale ma A. M'malo mwake, zikhalidwe zoyimirira zidzakhala ma E. Dinani "Add" kachiwiri. Mzere wachiwiri udzatchedwa B, ndipo zikhalidwe zomwe zili m'mbali mwa X zidzakhala mu gawo B, ndipo pamodzi ndi chigawo choyimirira - mu gawo E. Komanso, tebulo lonse limapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makinawa.
Kusintha Mawonekedwe a Grafu ya Excel
Pambuyo pakupanga tchati, muyenera kusamala kwambiri pakuyikhazikitsa. Ndikofunika kuti maonekedwe ake akhale okongola. Mfundo zokhazikitsira ndizofanana, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa pulogalamu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti chithunzi chilichonse ndi chinthu chovuta. Choncho, imaphatikizapo zigawo zing'onozing'ono zambiri. Aliyense wa iwo akhoza kukhazikitsidwa ndi kuitana nkhani menyu.
Apa muyenera kusiyanitsa pakati pa kukhazikitsa magawo onse a tchati ndi zinthu zenizeni. Chifukwa chake, kuti musinthe mawonekedwe ake oyambira, muyenera dinani kumbuyo kwa chithunzicho. Pambuyo pake, pulogalamuyo iwonetsa gulu laling'ono momwe mungayang'anire magawo akulu akulu, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana zama menyu momwe mungasinthire mosavuta.
Kuti muyike maziko a tchati, muyenera kusankha chinthu cha "Chart Area Format". Ngati katundu wa zinthu zinazake asinthidwa, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha zinthu za menyu chidzachepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuti musinthe nthano, ingoyitanitsani menyu yankhani ndikudina chinthucho, chomwe chimayamba ndi mawu akuti "Format". Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuzipeza pansi pa menyu yankhaniyo.
Malangizo anthawi zonse popanga ma graph
Pali malingaliro angapo amomwe mungapangire ma graph moyenera kuti awerenge komanso ophunzitsa:
- Simufunikanso kugwiritsa ntchito mizere yambiri. Awiri kapena atatu okha ndi okwanira. Ngati mukufuna kuwonetsa zambiri, ndi bwino kupanga graph yosiyana.
- Muyenera kumvetsera kwambiri nthano, komanso nkhwangwa. Kuti amasainidwa bwino bwanji zimatengera momwe kungakhalire kosavuta kuwerenga tchati. Izi ndi zofunika chifukwa tchati chilichonse chimapangidwa kuti chikhale chosavuta kufotokozeredwa kwa mfundo zina, koma ngati munthu angafikire mosasamala, zimakhala zovuta kuti munthu amvetsetse.
- Ngakhale mutha kusintha mawonekedwe a tchati, sizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri. Izi zidzasokoneza munthu amene akuwerenga zithunzizo.
Mawuwo
M'mawu osavuta, ndikosavuta kupanga graph pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ingapo ngati gwero la data. Ndikokwanira kukanikiza mabatani angapo, ndipo pulogalamuyo idzachita yokhayokha. Zachidziwikire, kuti muthe kuchita bwino pa chida ichi, muyenera kuchita pang'ono.
Ngati mutsatira malingaliro onse opangira ma chart, komanso kupanga tchati mokongola m'njira yoti mupeze chithunzi chokongola komanso chidziwitso chomwe sichingabweretse zovuta pochiwerenga.