Omwe kale ankatchedwa hysteria, histrionism tsopano akufotokozedwa ngati vuto lalikulu kwambiri la umunthu lomwe cholinga chake ndi kudzaza kapena kusunga kufunikira kokhazikika. Ndiko kusintha kwa maonekedwe ake komwe nthawi zambiri kumathandiza wodwala kuti atuluke mu matendawa.

Tanthauzo la histrionics

Histrionism ndi vuto la umunthu lomwe limadziwika ndi kufunafuna chidwi kosalekeza, mwa njira zonse: kukopa, kusokoneza, kukokomeza ziwonetsero zamalingaliro, masewero kapena zisudzo.

Histrionism ndi matenda omwe amalembedwa mu International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ndi Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5) monga matenda a histrionic personality.

Mipukutu yachipatala yaku Egypt ikuwonetsa kuti histrionism inalipo kale mwa anthu zaka 4 zapitazo. Mpaka zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, tinalankhula zambiri za hysteria. Azimayi okha ndi omwe adapezeka ndi hysteria. Zowonadi, ankakhulupirira kuti hysteria yokhudzana ndi kuyika kosayenera kwa chiberekero m'thupi la munthu. Kenako, m'zaka za m'ma 000 ndi XNUMX, chipwirikiti chinagwera m'zikhulupiliro. Iye anali chizindikiro cha choipa, cha ziwanda za kugonana. Kusaka mfiti kwenikweni kunali kuchitika motsutsana ndi anthu omwe akudwala hysteria.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1895 Freud, makamaka ndi buku lake la Studien über Hysterie lofalitsidwa mu XNUMX, adabweretsa lingaliro latsopano lakuti hysteria ndi vuto lalikulu la umunthu ndipo silinasungidwe kuti la Akazi.

Mitundu ya histrionics

Maphunziro ambiri a histrionism amawonetsa mtundu umodzi wokha wa histrionism.

Komabe, comorbidities - mayanjano awiri kapena kuposa matenda mwa munthu - kuphatikizapo histrionism kawirikawiri, motero kusiyana kuthekera histrionism malinga pathological awiriwa anapanga ndi matenda ena, makamaka umunthu matenda - antisocial, narcissistic, etc.- kapena matenda ovutika maganizo. monga dysthymia - matenda osokonezeka maganizo.

Theodore Millon, katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku America, anapitirira pa nkhaniyi mwa kuchepetsa subtypes za histrionism, mikhalidwe yotereyi ya matendawa chifukwa cha mtundu uliwonse wa khalidwe la odwala:

• Zotonthoza: wodwala amayang'anitsitsa ena ndikuwongolera kusiyana, mwinamwake mpaka kufika podzipereka yekha;
• Vivacious: wodwalayo ndi wokongola, wamphamvu komanso wopupuluma;
• Mkuntho: wodwala amawonetsa kusinthasintha kwamalingaliro;
• Chinyengo: wodwala amawonetsa mikhalidwe yodziwika bwino monga kusokoneza mwadala ndi chinyengo;
• Zisudzo: wodwala amasewera ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja;
• Mwana wakhanda: wodwala amatengera makhalidwe aubwana monga kukwiya kapena kufuna zinthu zopanda nzeru.

Zifukwa za histrionics

Zomwe zimayambitsa histrionism sizikudziwikabe. Komabe, pali njira zingapo:

• Maphunziro okhazikika pa mwana: maphunziro angathandize kwambiri pakukula kwa matendawa. Kuchuluka kwa chidwi choperekedwa kwa mwanayo kungapangitse chizoloŵezi mwa iye kukhala pakati pa chidwi ndi kuyambitsa vutoli, monga mwana amene amaseka chizolowezi chonama, kapena kuwongolera kuti akwaniritse zolinga zawo kapena kusunga chisamaliro cha makolo;
• Vuto pakukula kwa kugonana: malinga ndi Freud, kusowa kwa chisinthiko cha libidinal ndi maziko a histrionism, ndiko kusowa kwa chitukuko cha ntchito ya kugonana kwa wodwalayo. Si funso la kukula kwa ziwalo zogonana monga choncho koma kusowa kwa msinkhu wa chitukuko cha kugonana, kukhazikitsidwa kwa libido m'moyo wonse wa mwanayo;
• Lingaliro la 2018 lidawonetsa kuti nkhawa yakuthena komanso kusathetsa mkangano wodziwika bwino wa Oedipal adapezeka mwa anthu onse omwe akudwala histrionism, monga momwe adanenera Melanie Klein wa Austro-British psychoanalyst.

Kuzindikira kwa histrionics

Histrionism nthawi zambiri imawululidwa akakula.

Histrionism imadziwonetsera yokha kupyolera mu zizindikiro zoonekeratu monga kutaya mphamvu pa khalidwe la munthu, maubwenzi a anthu komanso maganizo. Kuzindikira mwatsatanetsatane kumachokera ku ndondomeko zomwe zalembedwa mu International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ndi mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5).

Histrionism imawonetsedwa makamaka ndi khalidwe. Zizindikiro zosachepera zisanu mwa zisanu ndi zitatu zotsatirazi zimapezeka mwa munthu wa mbiri yakale:

• Makhalidwe ochititsa chidwi, a zisudzo, mokokomeza;
• Kusaganizira bwino maubwenzi: maubwenzi amawoneka okondana kuposa momwe alili;
• Gwiritsani ntchito maonekedwe awo kuti akope chidwi;
• Mkhalidwe wonyengerera kapena wokopa;
• Kusinthasintha maganizo ndi khalidwe, zomwe zimasintha mofulumira kwambiri;
• Zolankhula zachiphamaso, zosauka komanso zongoganizira chabe;
• Kutengeka (kotengeka mosavuta ndi ena kapena ndi mikhalidwe);
• Mutu wovuta ngati iye si mtima wa zinthu, chidwi.

Mayeso osiyanasiyana aumunthu angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukhazikitsa kapena kutsogolera matenda:

• The Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI);
• Mayeso a Rorschach - mayeso odziwika bwino osanthula madontho a inki pama mbale.

Anthu okhudzidwa ndi histrionism

Kuchuluka kwa histrionism kuli pafupifupi 2% mwa anthu wamba.

Mbiri yakale imakhudza amuna ndi akazi omwe, mosiyana ndi zomwe zinkaganiziridwa zaka mazana apitawo. Ofufuza ena, monga katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku France Gérard Pommier, amatsutsa zizindikiro za histrionism mosiyana malinga ndi ngati wodwalayo ndi mkazi kapena mwamuna. Kwa iye, hysteria yamphongo ndi kuponderezedwa kwa ukazi. Choncho amasonyezedwa ngati chiwawa chotsutsana ndi chikazi, kukana kwachikazi, chizolowezi cha psychopathic, kutengera zolinga zankhondo pofuna kulimbana ndi mkazi. Malingaliro a 2018 adakumana ndi odwala omwe ali ndi mbiri ya akazi ndi amuna. Kumapeto kwa izi ndikuti palibe kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumakhalapo pakati pa akazi a hysterical ndi amuna achiwerewere.

Zinthu zokomera histrionism

Zomwe zimakondera histrionism zimagwirizana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa.

Makhalidwe ochititsa chidwi

Histrionism imawonetsedwa pamwamba pa zonse kudzera mumayendedwe odabwitsa, achiwonetsero, mokokomeza.

Kusamvetsetsa bwino maubwenzi

Munthu yemwe akudwala histrionism amawona maubwenzi apamtima kuposa momwe alili. Amasonkhezeredwanso mosavuta ndi ena kapena ndi mikhalidwe.

Kufunika kukopa chidwi

Wodwala wa histrionic amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe awo kuti akope chidwi ndipo amatha kuwonetsa malingaliro okopa, ngakhale odzutsa, kuti akwaniritse izi. Nkhaniyo imakhala yosasangalatsa ngati iye sali pakati. Munthu amene akudwala histrionism amathanso kudzivulaza, kuwopseza kudzipha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito manja aukali kuti akope chidwi.

Zizindikiro zina

• Kusinthasintha maganizo ndi khalidwe, zomwe zimasintha mofulumira kwambiri;
• Zolankhula zachiphamaso, zosauka komanso zongoganizira chabe;
• Mavuto okhazikika, kuthetsa mavuto ndi kulingalira;
• Mavuto osatha kuwongolera malingaliro awo;
• Aggressiveness;
• Kuyesera kudzipha.

Malingana ndi Freud, kupyola zizindikirozo ndizotheka kokha mwa kuzindikira zochitika zosazindikira komanso kukumbukira. Kumvetsetsa ndi / kapena kuchotsa komwe kumayambitsa vuto la umunthu kungathandize wodwalayo:

• Psychotherapy, kuthandiza wodwalayo kuphatikiza bwino zomwe akukumana nazo, kumvetsetsa bwino malo ake, kusintha momwe amamvera komanso kuchepetsa kufunika kokhala pakati pa chidwi;
• Hypnosis.

Ngati histrionism imakonda ku neurosis - wodwalayo amadziwa za matenda ake, kuzunzika kwake ndikudandaula nazo - mankhwalawa akhoza kutsatiridwa ndi kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa nkhawa. Dziwani kuti chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala chochokera ku benzodiazepines sichigwira ntchito ndipo chiyenera kupewedwa: chiopsezo chodalira mankhwala ndi chachikulu.

Kupewa histrionism kumaphatikizapo kuyesa kuchepetsa chikhalidwe chamunthu:

• Konzani madera ndi malo osangalatsa omwe sali odzikonda;
• Kumvera ena.