Momwe bowa amachulukira
Kwa ambiri, izi zidzadabwitsa, koma zomwe tinkatcha bowa ndi gawo chabe la chamoyo chachikulu. Ndipo gawo ili lili ndi ntchito yake - kupanga spores. Mbali yaikulu ya chamoyochi imakhala pansi pa nthaka, ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi ulusi woonda wotchedwa hyphae, womwe umapanga bowa wa mycelium. Nthawi zina, hyphae imatha kupachikika mu zingwe zolimba kapena mawonekedwe a ulusi omwe amatha kuwonedwa mwatsatanetsatane ngakhale ndi maso. Komabe, pali zochitika zomwe zimangowoneka ndi microscope.
Thupi la fruiting limabadwa kokha pamene mycelia iwiri yoyambirira yamtundu umodzi ikumana. Pali kuphatikiza kwa mycelium yamphongo ndi yaikazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mycelium yachiwiri ipangidwe, yomwe, pansi pazikhalidwe zabwino, imatha kuberekanso thupi la fruiting, lomwe lidzakhala malo a maonekedwe a spores ambiri. .
Komabe, bowa alibe njira yoberekera pogonana. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukhalapo kwa kubereka kwa "asexual", komwe kumachokera ku mapangidwe a maselo apadera a hyphae, omwe amatchedwa conidia. Pamaselo oterowo, mycelium yachiwiri imayamba, yomwe imathanso kubala zipatso. Palinso zochitika pamene bowa limakula chifukwa cha kugawa kosavuta kwa mycelium yoyambirira kukhala magawo ambiri. Kubalalitsidwa kwa spores kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mphepo. Kulemera kwawo kochepa kumawalola kuyenda mothandizidwa ndi mphepo kwa makilomita mazana ambiri mu nthawi yochepa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mafangasi osiyanasiyana amatha kufalikira ndi kutengera kwa spore "zopanda pake" ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimatha kuwononga bowa ndikuziwoneka kwakanthawi kochepa. Nsombazi zimathanso kufalitsidwa ndi nyama zosiyanasiyana zoyamwitsa, monga nguluwe zakutchire, zomwe zimatha kudya bowa mwangozi. Spores mu nkhani iyi excreted pamodzi ndi chimbudzi cha nyama. Bowa aliyense pa nthawi ya moyo wake amakhala ndi spores zambiri, koma ndi ochepa chabe omwe amagwera m'malo otere omwe angakhudze kumera kwawo.
Bowa ndilo gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zamoyo, zomwe zili ndi mitundu yoposa 100, zomwe zimatengedwa kuti ndi zomera. Mpaka pano, asayansi afika ponena kuti bowa ndi gulu lapadera limene limatenga malo ake pakati pa zomera ndi zinyama, chifukwa chakuti m’kati mwa moyo wawo, mbali zonse za nyama ndi zomera zimawonekera. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa bowa ndi zomera ndiko kulibe chlorophyll, pigment yomwe imayambitsa photosynthesis. Zotsatira zake, bowa satha kupanga shuga ndi chakudya chamafuta mumlengalenga. Bowa, monga nyama, amadya zinthu zopangidwa kale, zomwe, mwachitsanzo, zimatulutsidwa muzomera zowola. Komanso, nembanemba wa maselo mafangasi kumaphatikizapo osati mycocellulose, komanso chitin, amene ndi khalidwe la kunja mafupa a tizilombo.
Pali magulu awiri a bowa apamwamba - macromycetes: basidiomycetes ndi ascomycetes.
Kugawanikaku kumachokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana za anatomical zomwe zimapangidwira kupanga spore. Mu basidiomycetes, hymenophore yokhala ndi spore imachokera ku mbale ndi ma tubules, kugwirizana komwe kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito pores ting'onoting'ono. Chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, basidia amapangidwa - mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical kapena club. Pamapeto apamwamba a basidium, spores amapangidwa, omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi hymenium mothandizidwa ndi ulusi wa thinnest.
Pofuna kukula kwa spores za ascomycete, mapangidwe a cylindrical kapena sac amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amatchedwa matumba. Matumba oterowo akacha, amaphulika, ndipo njerezo zimakankhidwira kunja.
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