Zamkatimu
Maholide a sukulu akutha, patsogolo pa mndandanda wa homuweki ndi mayeso. Kodi ana angasangalale kupita kusukulu? Kwa ophunzira ambiri, makolo ndi aphunzitsi, mawu otere a funsolo amapangitsa kumwetulira kodabwitsa. Bwanji kunena za chinachake chimene sichichitika! Madzulo a chaka chatsopano cha sukulu, timakamba za sukulu kumene ana amapita mosangalala.
Kodi tingasankhire bwanji ana athu sukulu? Chofunikira chachikulu kwa makolo ambiri ndicho ngati amaphunzitsa bwino kumeneko, m’mawu ena, kaya mwanayo adzalandira chidziŵitso chochuluka chimene chingamlole kukhoza mayeso ndi kukalowa ku yunivesite. Ambiri aife, malinga ndi zomwe takumana nazo, timaona kuti kuphunzira ndi chibwenzi ndipo sitiyembekezera kuti mwanayo apite kusukulu ndi chisangalalo.
Kodi ndizotheka kupeza chidziwitso chatsopano popanda kupsinjika ndi ma neuroses? Modabwitsa, inde! Kuli masukulu kumene ophunzira amapita m’maŵa uliwonse popanda kusonkhezeredwa ndi kumene samafulumira kuchoka madzulo. Nchiyani chingawalimbikitse? Lingaliro la aphunzitsi asanu ochokera kumizinda yosiyanasiyana ya Russia.
1. Asiyeni alankhule
Kodi mwana amasangalala liti? Akamalankhulana naye monga munthu, "Ine" wake amawoneka," anatero Natalya Alekseeva, mkulu wa "Free School" mumzinda wa Zhukovsky, womwe umagwira ntchito motsatira njira ya Waldorf. Ana omwe amabwera kusukulu yake kuchokera kumayiko ena amadabwa: kwa nthawi yoyamba, aphunzitsi amawamvetsera ndikuyamikira maganizo awo. Ndi ulemu womwewo, amachitira ophunzira mu lyceum "Ark-XXI" pafupi ndi Moscow.
Sakhazikitsa malamulo okonzeka okhudza khalidwe - ana ndi aphunzitsi amawapanga pamodzi. Ili ndilo lingaliro la woyambitsa maphunziro a bungwe, Fernand Ury: adanena kuti munthu amapangidwa pokambirana za malamulo ndi malamulo a moyo wathu.
"Ana sakonda mwambo, malamulo, mafotokozedwe," akutero mkulu wa lyceum, Rustam Kurbatov. "Koma amamvetsetsa kuti malamulowo ndi ofunikira, amawalemekeza ndipo ndi okonzeka kukambirana nawo mwachidwi, akuyang'ana mpaka comma yomaliza. Mwachitsanzo, tinakhala chaka chimodzi tikuyankha funso la nthawi imene makolo aitanidwa kusukulu. Chochititsa chidwi n’chakuti, pamapeto pake, aphunzitsi anavota kuti asankhe njira yowolowa manja, ndipo anawo anasankha yokhwimitsa zinthu kwambiri.”
Ufulu wosankha ndi wofunika kwambiri. Maphunziro opanda ufulu ndizosatheka nkomwe
Ana akusukulu akusekondale amaitanidwa ku misonkhano ya makolo ndi aphunzitsi, chifukwa achinyamata “sangapirire kugamulapo kanthu kena m’mbuyo.” Ngati tikufuna kuti azitikhulupirira, kukambirana n'kofunika kwambiri. Ufulu wosankha ndi wofunika kwambiri. Maphunziro opanda ufulu nthawi zambiri ndi zosatheka. Ndipo mu sukulu ya Perm «Tochka» mwanayo amapatsidwa ufulu wosankha ntchito yake yolenga.
Iyi ndi sukulu yokhayo ku Russia komwe, kuwonjezera pa maphunziro onse, maphunzirowa amaphatikizapo maphunziro a mapangidwe. Okonza akatswiri amapereka mapulojekiti pafupifupi 30 kwa kalasi, ndipo wophunzira aliyense akhoza kusankha womulangiza yemwe angafune kugwira naye ntchito ndi bizinesi yomwe ili yosangalatsa kuyesa. Mapangidwe a mafakitale ndi zojambulajambula, mapangidwe a intaneti, zojambulajambula, zoumba - zosankha ndi zambiri.
Koma, atapanga chisankho, wophunzirayo amayesetsa kuphunzira mu msonkhano wa alangizi kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndiyeno apereke ntchito yomaliza. Winawake amakonda, akupitiliza kuphunzira mopitilira munjira iyi, wina ali ndi chidwi chodziyesera yekha mu bizinesi yatsopano mobwerezabwereza.
2. Khalani owona mtima kwa iwo
Palibe mawu okongola omwe amagwira ntchito ngati ana awona kuti mphunzitsi mwiniwake satsatira zomwe akulengeza. N'chifukwa chake mabuku mphunzitsi Mikhail Belkin ku Volgograd Lyceum "Mtsogoleri" amakhulupirira kuti osati wophunzira, koma mphunzitsi ayenera kuikidwa pakati pa sukulu: «Mu sukulu yabwino, maganizo wotsogolera sangakhale yekha ndi wosatsutsika mmodzi. "anatero Mikhail Belkin. - Ngati mphunzitsi akumva kuti alibe ufulu, kuopa akuluakulu, kunyozedwa, ndiye kuti mwanayo amakayikira za iye. Choncho chinyengo chimakula mwa ana, ndipo iwo eni amakakamizika kuvala zophimba nkhope.
Pamene mphunzitsi akumva bwino komanso womasuka, amawonetsa chisangalalo, ndiye ophunzira amadzazidwa ndi zomverera izi. Ngati mphunzitsi alibe zotchingira khungu, mwanayo sakhala nazo.”
Kuchokera kudziko lachikulire - dziko la makhalidwe abwino, misonkhano ndi zokambirana, sukulu iyenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe chomasuka, mwachibadwa komanso moona mtima, Rustam Kurbatov amakhulupirira kuti: "Awa ndi malo omwe kulibe ndondomeko zotere, kumene chirichonse chiri chotseguka. .»
3. Lemekezani zosowa zawo
Mwana atakhala chete, akumvetsera mphunzitsi, ngati msilikali wamng'ono. Ndi chisangalalo chotani nanga! M’masukulu abwino, mzimu wa m’mabwalo sangauyerekezere. Mwachitsanzo, mu Ark-XXI, ana amaloledwa kuyenda mozungulira m'kalasi ndikuyankhulana wina ndi mzake panthawi ya phunziro.
“Mphunzitsi amafunsa mafunso ndi ntchito osati kwa wophunzira mmodzi, koma kwa banja kapena gulu. Ndipo anawo amakambilana pakati pawo, pamodzi amafunafuna yankho. Ngakhale amanyazi kwambiri ndi osatetezeka amayamba kulankhula. Iyi ndi njira yabwino yothetsera mantha, "akutero Rustam Kurbatov.
Ku Sukulu ya Ufulu, phunziro lalikulu la m'mawa limayamba ndi gawo la rhythm. Mphindi 20 ana akuyenda: akuyenda, kupondaponda, kuwomba m'manja, kusewera zida zoimbira, kuimba, kunena ndakatulo. Natalya Alekseeva anati: “Sikololedwa kuti mwana azikhala pa desiki tsiku lonse pamene thupi lake likukula likufuna kuyenda.
Waldorf pedagogy nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa bwino malinga ndi zosowa za munthu payekha komanso zaka za ana. Mwachitsanzo, kalasi iliyonse imakhala ndi mutu wa chaka, womwe umayankha mafunso okhudza moyo ndi munthu amene mwana wa msinkhu uno ali nawo. M’giredi loyamba n’kofunika kuti adziwe kuti chabwino chimapambana choipa, ndipo mphunzitsi amalankhula naye za zimenezi pogwiritsa ntchito nthano monga chitsanzo.
Wophunzira wachiwiri amazindikira kale kuti pali makhalidwe oipa mwa munthu, ndipo amasonyezedwa momwe angachitire nawo, pamaziko a nthano ndi nkhani za oyera mtima, ndi zina zotero. ndipo mafunso omwe sanapezekebe,” akutero Natalya Alekseeva.
4. Kudzutsa mzimu wakulenga
Kujambula, kuimba ndi maphunziro owonjezera mu sukulu yamakono, zimamveka kuti ndizosankha, mtsogoleri wa sukulu ya wolemba "Class Center" Sergei Kazarnovsky amati. “Koma sikuli kwachabe kuti maphunziro akale anali ozikidwa pa mizati itatu: nyimbo, masewero, kujambula.
Mwamsanga pamene chigawo cha luso chimakhala chovomerezeka, mlengalenga mu sukulu umasinthidwa kwathunthu. Mzimu wa kulinganiza ukuyamba kudzuka, maunansi pakati pa aphunzitsi, ana ndi makolo akusintha, malo ophunzirira osiyana akutuluka, m’mene muli mpata wakukulitsa malingaliro, kaamba ka lingaliro la mbali zitatu la dziko.”
Kudalira nzeru zokha sikokwanira, mwanayo ayenera kukhala ndi kudzoza, luso, luntha.
Mu "Class Center" wophunzira aliyense wamaliza maphunziro wamba, nyimbo, ndi masewero sukulu. Ana amadziyesa okha ngati oimba komanso ochita zisudzo, amapanga zovala, kupanga masewero kapena nyimbo, kupanga mafilimu, kulemba ndemanga za zisudzo, kufufuza mbiri ya zisudzo. Mu njira ya Waldorf, nyimbo ndi kujambula ndizofunika kwambiri.
“Kunena zoona, kuphunzitsa zimenezi n’kovuta kwambiri kuposa masamu kapena Chirasha,” akuvomereza motero Natalya Alekseeva. "Koma kudalira nzeru zokha sikokwanira, mwanayo amafunikira kudzoza, kukopa chidwi, kuzindikira. Ndicho chimene chimapangitsa munthu kukhala mwamuna.” Ana akalimbikitsidwa, palibe chifukwa chowakakamiza kuphunzira.
Anna Demeneva, mkulu wa sukulu ya Tochka anati: - Monga woyang'anira, ndili ndi ntchito imodzi - kuwapatsa mwayi wochuluka wodziwonetsera okha: kukonzekera chiwonetsero, kupereka ntchito zatsopano, kupeza zochitika zosangalatsa za ntchito. Ana amalabadira modabwitsa malingaliro onse. ”
5. Thandizani kumva kuti ndinu wofunikira
"Ndikukhulupirira kuti sukulu iyenera kuphunzitsa mwanayo kusangalala," SERGEY Kazarnovsky akuwonetsera. - Chisangalalo cha zomwe mwaphunzira kuchita, chifukwa chakuti mumafunika. Ndipotu, kodi ubwenzi wathu ndi mwanayo umakhazikika bwanji? Ife timawapatsa iwo chinachake, iwo amatenga. Ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ayambe kubwezera.
Mwayi woterewu umaperekedwa, mwachitsanzo, ndi siteji. Anthu ochokera m’madera onse a ku Moscow amabwera kudzacheza kusukulu kwathu. Posachedwapa, ana adaimba nyimbo ku Muzeon park - khamu la anthu linasonkhana kuti limvetsere. Kodi chimapatsa mwana chiyani? Kumva tanthauzo la zomwe amachita, kumva chosowa chake.
Ana amadzipezera okha zomwe nthawi zina banja silingawapatse: zikhulupiriro, kusintha kwachilengedwe kwadziko lapansi.
Anna Demeneva akuvomerezana ndi izi: “N’kofunika kuti ana kusukulu akhale ndi moyo weniweni, osati wongoyerekezera. Tonse ndife otsimikiza, osati kunamizira. Conventionally, ngati mwana apanga vase mu msonkhano, ayenera kukhala okhazikika, osalola madzi kudutsa, kuti maluwa akhoza kuikidwa mmenemo.
Kwa ana okulirapo, mapulojekiti amayesedwa akatswiri, amatenga nawo gawo pazowonetsa zodziwika bwino ndi akuluakulu, ndipo nthawi zina amatha kukwaniritsa malamulo enieni, mwachitsanzo, kupanga chidziwitso chamakampani. Amadzipezera okha zimene nthawi zina banja silingawapatse: mfundo za kulenga zinthu, kusintha kwa chilengedwe cha dziko.”
6. Pangani mkhalidwe waubwenzi
"Sukulu iyenera kukhala malo omwe mwanayo amadzimva kukhala wotetezeka, kumene saopsezedwa ndi kunyozedwa kapena mwano," akutsindika Mikhail Belkin. Ndipo mphunzitsi ayenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kugwirizanitsa gulu la ana, akuwonjezera Natalia Alekseeva.
“Ngati mikangano ikabuka m’kalasi, muyenera kusiya nkhani zonse zamaphunziro ndi kuthana nazo,” akulangiza motero Natalya Alekseeva. - Sitilankhula za izo mwachindunji, koma timayamba improvise, kutulukira nkhani ya mkangano. Ana amamvetsa bwino mafanizo, amawachitira mwamatsenga chabe. Ndipo kupepesa kwa olakwa sikuchedwa kubwera.
Kuwerenga makhalidwe abwino kuli kopanda phindu, Mikhail Belkin amavomereza. M’zokumana nazo zake, kudzutsidwa kwachifundo kwa ana kumathandizidwa kwambiri ndi kuyendera nyumba ya ana amasiye kapena kuchipatala, kutenga nawo mbali m’maseŵera kumene mwanayo amasiya udindo wake ndikukhala malo a wina. "Pamene pali chikhalidwe chaubwenzi, sukulu ndi malo osangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa imasonkhanitsa anthu omwe amafunikirana wina ndi mzake ndipo ngakhale, ngati mukufuna, amakondana wina ndi mzake," akumaliza motero Rustam Kurbatov.