Makampani akuluakulu opanga mafilimu padziko lapansi - Hollywood - pang'onopang'ono akusintha makompyuta kuti athetse zonena za kusamalidwa kosayenera kwa nyama ndikukhala moyo wosalira zambiri.
Hollywood ili ndi mbiri yayitali komanso yovuta yochitira nkhanza komanso kusasamalira nyama ... Imodzi mwa nkhani zosasangalatsa zoyamba ndi "abale athu ang'onoang'ono" mu kanema wa kanema zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizowoneka bwino mu kanema "" mu 1939 ndi nyenyezi yanthawi imeneyo. , m’mene mnyamata woweta ng’ombe akuti akudumphira m’phompho pa akavalo. "Mnyamata wa ng'ombe" sanavulale, koma kuti ajambule chithunzichi, mahatchiwo adaphimbidwa m'maso ndipo ... anakakamizika kulumpha kuchokera pamtunda wautali. Hatchiyo inathyoka msana ndipo anawomberedwa. Zikuwoneka kuti nkhanza zotere ndizosatheka masiku ano, koma sikuti zonse ndizosavuta ...
Kulengedwa kwa American Association for Humane Treatment of Animals (AHA) m'zaka za m'ma 1980 kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zotheka kuwonjezera mzere wotsitsimula "Palibe nyama zomwe zinavulazidwa popanga filimuyi" mpaka kumapeto ndi kutsegula ngongole. Koma kwenikweni, ena owonera amawona kuti kupangidwa kwa bungweli nthawi zina kumangokhala kutsogolo kwa nkhanza za nyama, chifukwa. Zikutanthauza kuti pali zoletsa zingapo zazikulu, ngakhale nyamayo itafa pamndandanda! Chigwirizano pakati pa mabwana a Hollywood ndi ANA chinapereka, kwenikweni, kuti woimira mmodzi yekha wa bungweli ayenera kukhalapo pa seti - "chifukwa ichi" ANA inapereka ufulu woyika mzere wokongola mu ngongole! Ndipo kodi wowonera yekhayo adakwanitsa kutsata ndondomeko yojambula, ndipo adachita chiyani, "alipo" pa seti, ndi ubale wamtundu wanji ndi zinyama zomwe zimagwirizana ndi tanthauzo la "munthu" - izi zimadziwika kokha kwa ANA. Sizovuta kuganiza kuti nkhanza zingakhale zotani - ndipo, nthawi zina, zinali! (onani m'munsimu) - pa chikumbumtima cha "auditor" wamng'ono komanso wosungulumwa.
Masiku ano, nyama sizimafa pa kamera monga momwe zinachitira Jesse James - ANA imayang'anitsitsa zimenezo. Kupitilira pamenepo, palibenso china. Monga ANA inafotokozera pambuyo pa imfa ya nyama za 27 pa seti ya kanema "The Hobbit" kwa atolankhani a Hollywood press, mawu okongola "Palibe nyama zomwe zinavulazidwa panthawi yojambula filimuyi", chifukwa. palibe chomwe chimatsimikizika. Zimangotanthauza kuti nyamazo sizinavutike ndipo sizinafe pamene kamera ya kanema inali kujambula! Palinso malire ena - nyama zikhoza kufa chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwa ogwira ntchito pafilimuyi, mosadziwa - ndipo pankhaniyi, nawonso, mawu okongola kumapeto kwa filimuyo sakuchotsedwa. Choncho, bungweli linavomereza kuti mafilimu ambiri a ku Hollywood, "oyesedwa ndi kuvomerezedwa" ndi ANA, adajambula ndi nyama zomwe zimafa. Komabe, ili kale pagulu la anthu.
Mwachitsanzo, mu 2003, patatha masiku anayi akujambula panja filimuyo "" pamphepete mwa nyanja panali nsomba zambiri zakufa ndi octopus. Oimira ANA adangokana kuyankhapo pamwambowu.
Pa seti ya filimu ana za nyama "" (2006) anafa akavalo awiri. Kufufuza kwachinsinsi pazochitikazo ndi loya Bob Ferber. Mahatchiwo analinso opanda mwayi pa mndandanda wa kanema wawayilesi wa HBO "" (2012) - pambuyo pa akavalo 4 ndikutuluka (nkhani yodabwitsa) ndi madandaulo otsatirawa (kuphatikiza kuchokera), nyengo yachiwiri idathetsedwa.
Mu 2006, Disney adajambula filimu yogwira mtima komanso yokondedwa ndi mabanja ambiri yokhudza kukhulupirika kwa agalu "" ndi katswiri wotchuka Paul Walker. Sikuti aliyense akudziwa kuti m'modzi mwa agalu omwe adakhalapo adakankhidwa mwankhanza. Poyankha zomwe omenyera ufulu wa anthu, ANA idanena kuti mphunzitsiyo akuti adalekanitsa agalu omenyera nkhondo motere, ndipo maudindo omwe ali mufilimuyo sanayenera kusinthidwa.
Pa sewero la sewero la 2011 "" giraffe idamwalira (ngakhale kukhalapo kwa woimira ANA). Ndipo pa seti ya filimu "" (2011), ophunzitsa anamenya ... ndani wina? - njovu (komabe, malangizo a filimuyo amakana izi). Choncho, si mafilimu onse a ana omwe ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana.
Monga momwe zinakhalira, popanga filimu yotchuka "" (2012) - adachitiranso nkhanza nyama! Kuphatikizanso apo, m'bwalo lowombera m'dziwelo, nyalugwe adatsala pang'ono kumira. Anthu ena amaganiza kuti nyalugwe mu filimuyi ndi "digito" kwathunthu, khalidwe la makanema ojambula pakompyuta, koma izi siziri choncho. M'zigawo zina, nyalugwe wophunzitsidwa weniweni wotchedwa King adajambulidwa. Wogwira ntchito ku ANA Gina Johnson za chinthu chamanyazi ndi nyalugwe, pomwe, chifukwa cha kunyalanyaza kwa gulu la filimuyo, nyalugweyo adatsala pang'ono kumira, adakwanitsa kupulumutsidwa mozizwitsa - koma sanadziwitse akuluakulu ake, osati akuluakulu, koma bwenzi lake. mu imelo yanu. “Musauze aliyense za nkhaniyi, zinandivuta kuimitsa mabuleki mlanduwu! adalemba ANA wowona za ufulu wachibadwidwe kumapeto kwa kalata yachinsinsi iyi m'malembo akulu. Kalatayo idakhala chinthu choyang'aniridwa ndi anthu pambuyo poti zatulutsidwa kuchokera mu kujambula. Chifukwa cha kufufuza kwina, kunapezeka kuti wowonererayo anali ndi chibwenzi ndi woimira wamkulu wa utsogoleri wa filimuyi - choncho adayang'anitsitsa nkhaniyi (ndipo, ndani akudziwa, mwina ena). Ndipo pamapeto pake, ngakhale palibe kupepesa komwe kunaperekedwa kwa "ana ndi makolo", ndipo mbiri ya kanemayo imati "Palibe nyama imodzi yomwe idavulazidwa." "Moyo wa Pi" udabweretsa omwe adapanga madola 609 miliyoni ndikulandila "Oscar" 4. Owonera ambiri akadali otsimikiza kuti nyalugwe kapena nyama zonse zomwe zili mufilimuyi ndizojambula pakompyuta XNUMX%.
Pambuyo pake, kuchitiridwa nkhanza kwa nyama pa seti ya Life of Pi kudalandira mphepo yachiwiri pomwe chithunzi cha kambuku chikumenyedwa mwankhanza ndi mphunzitsi yemweyo yemwe adapereka nyalugwe wake wa Life of Pi chidatsitsidwa pa intaneti. Wophunzitsayo, yemwe, poyankha zamwano wotsatira, adati adamenya ndi chikwapu osati kambuku yemwe, koma pansi patsogolo pake. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zojambulazo zimasonyeza bwino momwe iye, akugwedeza nyalugwe atagona chagada ndi chikwapu mobwerezabwereza, ndipo mukhoza kumumva, ngati sadist weniweni: "Ndimakonda kumumenya kumaso. Ndipo pa zikhadabo ... Akayika zikhadabo zake pa mwala, ndipo ine ndinamumenya iye - ndizokongola. Chifukwa zimapweteka kwambiri,” ndi zina zotero. (Zolembazo zili pano, koma sizovomerezeka kuziwonera mowoneka bwino!).
Sikuti aliyense akudziwa kuti pa seti ya megablockbuster ina - filimu yoyamba ya trilogy "" yochokera m'buku la JRR Tolkien - muzochitika zina pamene ochita filimu anali opanda ntchito: mahatchi, nkhosa, mbuzi. Ena a iwo anamwalira chifukwa chakusowa madzi m’thupi, ena amira m’ngalande zamadzi. Kuphunzitsidwa kwa nyama kunachitika pa famu ku New Zealand osaperekedwa ndi wowonera ANA. Komanso, pamene mphunzitsi wamkulu wa filimuyo (John Smith) mwiniwake adayesa kufufuza zomwe zimayambitsa tsokali, lomwe silinali losangalatsa kwa iye, poyankhulana ndi ANA, adakanidwa, ndikuwonjezera kuti, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa umboni, iye akanatha. sindingathe kutsimikizira kalikonse. Pokhapokha Smith atanena kuti adakwirira nyama zakufa ndi manja ake pafupi ndi famuyo, ndipo anali wokonzeka kufotokozera apolisi komwe kuli mafupa awo, ANA inasintha "... palibe nyama zomwe zinavulazidwa" Kuyamikira kwa filimuyi kwa wina, mawu omveka bwino - kuti zochitika zomwe zikuphatikizapo nyama zambiri mufilimuyi zinajambulidwa moyang'aniridwa ndi oimira awo. Ngakhale mawu awa amakhala abodza ...
Inde, ANA osachepera, koma amachita ntchito yawo. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, pa kujambula kwa blockbuster yaposachedwa "" (2011) ndi nyenyezi ya ku America Matt Damon, malinga ndi chiwerengero cha omenyera ufulu wa anthu, ngakhale njuchi zinkachitidwa mosamala kwambiri komanso mosamala. Koma ndiye ena ali ndi mafunso okhudza zamakhalidwe a lingaliro lomwe la filimuyi, momwe anthu olemera omwe ali ndi malingaliro ... amatsegula zoo?! Kodi kunali kosathekadi kutulukira chinthu chimene sichinali chokhudzana ndi kusunga nyama m’makola kaamba ka phindu? Ambiri aku Western vegans amayankha. Kupatula apo, monga wamkulu aliyense amamvetsetsa, malo osungira nyama ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri potengera momwe nyama zimakhalira…. Mwachidule - mtundu wina wachilendo "maloto aku America" pakati pa olemba filimuyo, owonera ena ozindikira amazindikira.
Mwamwayi, makanema okhala ndi nyama amapangidwa ... popanda nyama! Pa kompyuta. Malinga ndi otsogolera akuluakulu - monga, amene anathetsa vuto la kuwombera ndewu zokhudza nyama mu filimu "" (2009) pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za pakompyuta. Mufilimuyi, osati "palibe nyama zomwe zinavulazidwa", koma ngakhale sanatenge nawo mbali pa kujambula ... Zolembazo zinali zokonzeka chapakati pa zaka za m'ma 1990, koma Cameron anali kuyembekezera teknoloji yamakompyuta kuti ipangike kuti ikwaniritse zochitika zazikulu. zopangidwa pa kompyuta. Zotsatira zake, famu yamphamvu yamakompyuta yomwe ili ndi malo okwana kilomita imodzi, yokhala ndi mapurosesa a 35.000, idagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga filimuyo, magulu angapo omwe adaphatikizidwa m'makompyuta 200 amphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi panthawiyo. kujambula. Anthu oposa 900 padziko lonse lapansi anagwira ntchito yojambula makanema apakompyuta pojambula filimuyi. Mphindi iliyonse ya filimuyo mu gwero "imalemera" kuposa 17 gigabytes ya disk space - izi ndi kutalika kwa kudula kwa wotsogolera mphindi 171 (!). Ndipo kuwombera nthawi zambiri kumawononga pafupifupi madola 300 miliyoni. Koma, monga mukudziwa, "Avatar", kunena mofatsa, yolipira - kukhala filimu yopambana kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ndipo ichinso ndi chipambano cha kasamalidwe kabwino ka nyama!
Kanema waposachedwa "" (2016) kachiwiri, malinga ndi owonera, adabweretsa makanema ojambula pakompyuta pamlingo watsopano, pamene nkotheka kukwaniritsa zenizeni zenizeni - kapena "zojambula" zokongola - osatinso chifukwa cha luso laukadaulo, koma pakufuna. wa wotsogolera. Mu Jungle Book, ngakhale mwana amatha kuwona kuchuluka kwa makanema ojambula pazaka 7 kuyambira kutulutsidwa kwa Avatar.
N'zoonekeratu kuti nyama zakutchire zimapindula kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zamakompyuta = pambuyo pake, zoona, ndizo za chilengedwe, osati pa seti! Koma pogwira ntchito ndi zithunzi zamakompyuta, wotsogolera amakhala wokondwa, yemwe samavutika ndi ma ward ake ochedwa pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zina vuto lopeza ngakhale nyama yoweta kuti ichite zomwe zikufunika malinga ndi script imapangitsa wotsogolera misala. Kotero, wotsogolera filimuyo "" (2009) Skype Jones adawombera ... Galuyo adachita chilichonse kupatula zomwe wotsogolera adafuna: adathamanga, koma sanawuwe, kapena adathamanga - kenako adauwa, kapena kuuwa, koma osathamanga .... ndi zina zotero, ad infinitum! Kanema waufupi wonena za kuzunzika kwa wotsogolera adalandira dzina lokhalapo "Zosatheka zopanga galu kuuwa pothawa" ndi.
Ndiye kodi nyamazo zidzasiyidwa zokha posachedwa, ndipo ntchito zatsopano zidzapangidwira opanga makanema? Inde, mafilimu ambiri "okhudza zinyama" amagwiritsa ntchito mwakhama zithunzi zamakompyuta, mwachitsanzo, kuyambira filimu "" (2001) ndi Steven Spielberg, zomwe sizikanatheka popanda "maphunziro" apakompyuta.
Ndipo za "epic blockbuster" yatsopano (2014) yolembedwa ndi wotsogolera wotchuka Darren Aronofsky, amaseka kuti mmenemo Nowa ... Wotsogolera wodziwika kuti ayi, nkhunda ziwiri ndi khwangwala m'chithunzichi zinali zenizeni. Kuonjezera apo, adawonetsa anthu osasamala kuti filimuyi sikuwonetsa chilombo chimodzi chenicheni - chomwe chingapezekebe, mwachitsanzo, ku Africa! Zoonadi, mafani a filimuyi amatsimikizira kuti, pa pempho la Aronovsky, akatswiri apakompyuta "anasintha" pang'ono zamoyo zomwe Nowa amapulumutsa - kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya nyama zomwe sizinalipo. Mukuyesera kusewera mulungu? Kapena mlingo watsopano wa makhalidwe abwino nyama? Angadziwe ndani.
Palinso mfundo ina: anthu ambiri amazindikira kuti m'malo mwa nyama zokhala ndi "mabwalo amaluwa" amaso akulu ochokera m'mafilimu ... chithumwa china chapadera chikuchoka, moyo ukuchoka. Chifukwa chake ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti Hollywood nthawi zambiri satha kuchitira nyama - komanso anthu - 100% mwamakhalidwe! Chisoni pakuchoka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ochita zisudzo amiyendo inayi kuchokera ku kanema adafotokozedwa bwino ndi Julie Totman: mphunzitsi wamkulu wa kampani yaku Britain Birds and Animals UK, yomwe idagwira ntchito pamafilimu a mndandanda wa Harry Potter ndi blockbuster yaposachedwa "" ( 2015), adanena kuti m'malo mwa nyama zokhala ndi zilembo zokoka pamanja "matsenga adzatuluka m'mafilimu: pambuyo pake, mutha kusiyanitsa komwe kuli zenizeni komanso komwe kuli zabodza."