Momwe mungapezere ngongole yayikulu mu 2022

Kutenga ngongole yaikulu, ndi njira yovomerezeka ku bizinesi, sikovuta kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti wobwereka ayenera kukhala ndi zonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ndalama, chitetezo cha ngongole ndi mbiri ya ngongole. Mabanki ndi mabungwe ena azachuma ali okonzeka kubwereketsa anthu mu 2022, chifukwa amapanga ndalama zabwino pachiwongola dzanja chomwe kasitomala amalipira. Tikuwuzani ndalama zangongole zomwe zimavomerezedwa m'Dziko Lathu, zofunika kwambiri kwa obwereketsa ndi komwe mungapeze ndalama. Timasindikiza malangizo amomwe mungapezere ngongole yayikulu.

Zoyenera kupeza ngongole yayikulu

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono opezera ngongole yaikulu

1. Unikani kuchuluka kwa ngongole zanu

Wobwereketsa adzachita izi kwa kasitomala, koma mukufunanso kudziwa ngati pali mwayi wowerengera ngongole yayikulu? Chiwerengero cha wobwereketsa ndi chidziwitso chotseguka ndipo aliyense atha kudziwa za iye kwaulere kawiri pachaka. Kuvotera kumatengera mbiri yangongole. Dongosolo lazachuma lonena za aliyense amene watenga ndalama ku mabungwe angongole kamodzi m'dziko Lathu m'zaka zaposachedwa zimasungidwa ndi mabungwe a mbiri yakale (BKI).

Pali ma BCI akuluakulu asanu ndi atatu m'dziko lathu (mndandanda wapa webusayiti ya Central Bank). Kuti mudziwe komwe mbiri yanu yangongole imasungidwa, pitani ku State Services portal. Mu gawo la "Misonkho ndi Ndalama" pali kachigawo "Zambiri za mabungwe a ngongole". Pezani ntchito zamagetsi ndipo mkati mwa tsiku (nthawi zambiri mumaola angapo), yankho lidzabwera ku akaunti yanu ya portal.

Pezani mndandanda wazolumikizana ndi ma adilesi awebusayiti a BKI. Pitani, kalemberani (mutha kutsimikizira kudzera mu State Services) ndikuwona kuchuluka kwangongole. Ndi zaulere ndipo zilibe malire pa kuchuluka kwa zopempha. 

Mu 2022, Dziko Lathu lidatengera sikelo imodzi kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 999 mfundo. Koma BKI imatanthauzira mfundo mwanjira yawoyawo. Mwachitsanzo, maofesi a NBKI ali ndi mavoti apamwamba kuchokera ku 594 mpaka 903 mfundo, pamene Equifax ili ndi mavoti kuyambira 809 mpaka 896.

Timasindikiza tebulo lokhala ndi masamu akutanthauza zambiri za mabungwe.

Kuvotera si chitsimikizo cha 100% cha kuvomerezedwa kapena kukanidwa. Banki idzagwiritsa ntchito (simufunika kuwonetsa zotsatira zanu, bungwe lokhalo lidzatumiza pempho ku CBI), komanso lidzagwiritsa ntchito zida zake zogoletsa - kuwunika kwa wobwereka.

Kuvotera kumakhudzidwa ndi:

• kuchuluka kwa ngongole (momwe muli ndi ngongole mabanki ena);
• mbiri yangongole ndi zolipira zomwe zidalipo kale zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazi;
• ngongole zogulitsidwa kwa osonkhanitsa;
• kusonkhanitsa ngongole kudzera m'khoti (nyumba ndi ntchito zamagulu, alimony, chipukuta misozi).

Tiyeni tipange chithunzi cha munthu yemwe ali ndi mlingo woyenera: pazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazi, adatenga ngongole 3-5 ndikutseka, adalipira zonse panthawi yake, osazengereza, koma sanapereke ndalama pasadakhale, tsopano alibe chilichonse. ngongole kapena ayi. Wobwereka wotere amatha kutenga ngongole yaikulu. Koma ndikofunikiranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira za banki.

2. Dziwani zofunikira za banki kwa wobwereka

Tasanthula zomwe mabanki akuluakulu adapereka ndikusindikiza chithunzi cha "masamu" a kasitomala woyenera.

• Wopitilira zaka 22.
• Malire apamwamba ndi zaka 65-70 kumapeto kwa nthawi yobwereketsa.
• Nzika ya Federation, pali kulembetsa (propiska).
• Wolemba ntchito pakampani yayikulu kwa miyezi yopitilira 6.
• Ali ndi chidziwitso cha ntchito cha 1 chaka.
• Udindo wabwino (woyang'anira).
• Ndalama zambiri (malipiro a pamwezi sadutsa 50% ya malipiro).
• Ndi mbiri yangongole (m'mbuyomu adatenga ngongole ndikutseka bwino).
• Salary bank kasitomala.

3. Ikani

Chivomerezo cha ngongole chimatenga nthawi yosachepera ola limodzi mu 2022. Panthawiyi, mumapereka funso lalifupi ku banki (kudzera pa webusaitiyi, pafoni kapena pamasom'pamaso), lengezani ndalama zomwe mukufuna ndikulandira yankho. Ndalamazo zikhoza kuvomerezedwa zochepa kuposa zofunikira. M'munsimu muli njira zopezera zambiri.

Ngati munayang'ana mbiri yanu ya ngongole ndi mbiri yanu ndikuwona kuti muli ndi zizindikiro zapakati, panali kuchedwa, ndiye kuti musawononge kutumizira makalata ambiri ku mabanki panthawiyi. Zopempha zanu zonse zandalama zimalembedwa mu BKI. Mabanki angaganize motere: "Kasitomala uyu amapempha ndalama nthawi zambiri mokayikira, koma bwanji ngati akufuna kutenga ngongole zambiri nthawi imodzi, kodi adzatha kuzibweza?"

Choncho, ndi bwino kusankha mabanki amodzi kapena awiri omwe ali okhulupirika kwambiri kwa inu. Kumene mudali ndi kirediti kadi, kusungitsa, kapena kasitomala wolipira. Dikirani kaye yankho lawo ndipo ngati sanagwirizane ndi inu, ndiye tumizani zofunsira kwa ena.

4. Sungani zikalata

Musanavomereze ngongole yomaliza, muyenera kutumiza zikalata ku banki. Simungapeze ngongole yayikulu ndi pasipoti imodzi yokha.

Zikalata zoyambira. Pasipoti yoyambirira ya Federation mu malo oyamba. Poganizira zofunsira ndalama zambiri, wobwereketsa angafunse chikalata chachiwiri - SNILS, pasipoti, layisensi yoyendetsa.

Zolemba zandalama. Okhulupirika kwambiri kwa omwe amapereka chiphaso cha 2-NDFL chopeza ndalama kuchokera kuntchito. Mutha kuzipempha mu dipatimenti yowerengera ndalama kapena kuzitsitsa muakaunti yanu patsamba lamisonkho - Federal Tax Service of the Federation. Koma mabanki nthawi zambiri amavomereza chikalata chopeza ndalama ngati banki kapena chikalata cha akaunti m'dzina lanu.

Zina. Adzakufunsani kuti mutsimikizire ntchito ndi chidziwitso cha ntchito ndi chochokera ku thumba la penshoni - Pension Fund ya Federation. Itha kupezeka pa intaneti kudzera mu State Services, komanso kuyika makope amasamba a bukhu lantchito.

5. Dikirani chivomerezo ndikupeza ngongole

Chisankho chopereka ngongole zazikulu, mabanki amatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa ngongole wamba. Chivomerezo chimavomerezedwa ndi antchito angapo ndi madipatimenti. Komabe, tsopano m'Dziko Lathu, ntchito zamabanki ndizokhazikika kwamakasitomala, chifukwa chake mabungwe azachuma sachedwetsa yankho. Pambuyo popereka zikalata, chivomerezo chimabwera pakadutsa tsiku limodzi kapena atatu.

6. SemiчPezani ndalama ndikukonzekera kulipira koyamba

Banki idzasamutsa ndalamazo ku akaunti yanu, kuchokera komwe kungathe kuwasamutsa ku khadi. N'zothekanso kuyitanitsa kuchotsa ndalama kunthambi. Kapena kubweretsa kunyumba kwanu, ofesi. Musaiwale kutchula nthawi yomwe ndalama zobwereketsa zikuyenera kuchitika malinga ndi dongosolo. Ndizotheka kuti kale mwezi uno.

Komwe mungapeze ngongole yayikulu

1. Banki

The tingachipeze powerenga gwero kutenga ngongole yaikulu. Mabungwe azachuma amaika patsogolo zofunika ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya ngongole. Mabanki akuluakulu amayang'anitsitsa olembetsa. Ang'onoang'ono angapereke ndalama zambiri, koma avomereze ngongoleyo.

2. Sitolo ya pawn

Pawnshop imavomereza zodzikongoletsera zagolide, magalimoto, mawotchi kapena zida zamtengo wapatali ngati chikole. Sangathe kukhala ndi nyumba. Ndalamayi imawerengedwa potengera mtengo wazinthu. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupatsidwe 1 rubles, muyenera kupereka golide wambiri kapena zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali. Komanso, si ma pawnshops onse omwe amagwira ntchito ndi zodzikongoletsera zamtengo wapatali.

3. Ma cooperative

Dzina lonse ndi credit consumer cooperatives (CPC). Mbali ya ntchitoyi ndi malipiro a umembala, omwe amalipidwa kuwonjezera pa chiwongoladzanja. Chonde dziwani kuti nthawi zina, ngakhale mutabweza msanga, mudzayenera kulipira chindapusa cha umembala pa nthawi yonse yangongole. Zopereka zoterezi zili mu ndondomeko ya malipiro kapena zotchulidwa m'malemba ovomerezeka a cooperative. Ndipo ngati mudatenga ngongole kwa zaka zisanu, koma mutabweza chaka chimodzi ndi theka, ndiye kuti chiwongoladzanjacho chidzawerengedwanso kwa inu, ndipo malipiro a umembala adzalipidwa kwa miyezi 60. 

4. Ogulitsa

Mukhozanso kubwereka ndalama ndi chiwongoladzanja kuchokera kwa anthu. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuvomerezana ndi wobwereketsa paziganizozo ndikuzilemba. Kumbukirani kuti ndizoletsedwa kuti osunga ndalama azitenga nyumba kuchokera kwa anthu ngati chikole - chitetezo chamtunduwu ndi cha mabizinesi kapena ma LLC.

Kumene kwenikweni sangapereke ngongole yaikulu

Mabungwe ang'onoang'ono (aka "ndalama zofulumira", "ngongole zolipira", MFIs) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malire malinga ndi kukula kwa mtengo wangongole (TCP). Mwachitsanzo, MFI sichitha kutulutsa ma ruble oposa 30 kwa wobwereka.

Ndi ndalama zingati zomwe zingaperekedwe

- Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zovomerezeka kumadalira, choyamba, pa mtundu wa ngongole. Ngati tikukamba za kupereka ndalama zotetezedwa ndi katundu, mwachitsanzo, nyumba kapena galimoto, ndiye kuti ndalama zambiri zidzawerengedwa kuchokera ku mtengo wa katunduyo. Ngongole zotetezedwa nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi mabanki ang'onoang'ono, omwe makasitomala awo sakhala obwereketsa nthawi zonse omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri, - akutero katswiri wazachuma, wamkulu wa Gulu Lothandizira. Alexey Lashko.

Ndi ngongole yotetezedwa, ambiri amawerengera kuchuluka kwake ngati 40-60% ya mtengo wamtengowo. Koma msika wogulitsa nyumba umasintha nthawi zonse, chifukwa chake mutha kupeza kuchokera ku banki osati kuchuluka komwe mumayembekezera. Mabanki ena amapereka ma ruble 30 miliyoni otetezedwa ndi nyumba, mwachitsanzo, nyumba. 

Ndi ngongole yotetezedwa, muyeneranso kutsimikizira zomwe mumapeza.

Ngati palibe chikole, kuchuluka kwa ndalama, kuchuluka kwa ngongole ndi zinthu zina zimaganiziridwa.

- Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi kukhalapo kwa projekiti yamalipiro pogwiritsa ntchito akaunti ya wobwereketsa ndi zinthu zowonongera. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumawononga pafupifupi ma ruble 50 pamalesitilanti mwezi uliwonse, ndiye kuti mudzavomerezedwa kuti mukhale ndi ngongole yayikulu popanda chikole. Ntchito zolipira zimasewera m'manja mwa kasitomala, makamaka ngati ali wogwira ntchito ku bungwe lalikulu. Pankhaniyi, muli ndi mwayi wolandila mpaka ma ruble 500 popanda chitsimikiziro cha ndalama ndi chikole, - akuwonjezera. Alexey Lashko.

Kuti mutenge ngongole yaikulu, mbiri ya ngongole ndi yofunika kwambiri. Ngati mwalola kuti kuchedwetsa mobwerezabwereza kwa nthawi yosapitirira masiku 7, banki idzazilemba ngati zokutira zaukadaulo. Koma ngati mwakhala mpaka masiku 30 abizinesi apitawo chaka chatha kapena ziwiri, mutha kupatsidwa ngongole yotetezedwa. Ngati pali kuchedwa kochulukira m'mbiri kwa nthawi yopitilira masiku 60 ogwira ntchito, ngongole imatha kupezeka pokhapokha chitetezo cha katundu. 

Ngati simukukhutira ndi ndalama zovomerezeka, mukhoza kuwonjezera. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira izi:

1. kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama. Ndalama zoonjezera zimatanthauza kutengapo gawo kwa wopereka chitsimikizo ndi wogwira ntchito wokhazikika kapena ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi boma pakugulitsa;
2. chikole cha katundu. Ndi chikole chowonjezera, ndalama zochokera kwa wobwereketsa zikhoza kuwonjezeka kwambiri.

Mabanki amatha kuchita mosiyana: ena amakhazikitsa zomwe akufuna ndipo amayembekeza kuti kasitomala angawavomereze mopanda malire. Ena amakhala okhulupirika kwambiri ndipo amakambirana ndi wobwereka. Mabanki oterowo amatha kusintha zinthu kwa milungu ingapo ngati muwonjezera chikole ndi ma guarantors atsopano. Chotsatira chake, mumapeza zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa, koma osati mofulumira monga kuvomereza "zovuta" ndalama popanda chikole. 

- Kukambirana ndi banki kumatheka pokhapokha mukakhala kasitomala wamkulu, ndipo bankiyo ikufuna kugwirizanitsa nanu. Zikatero, mutha kuyika zomwe mukufuna ndipo, mwina, ogwira ntchito ku bungwe lazachuma amavomereza kapena kupereka njira ina yabwino, zolemba za akatswiri.

Kuchuluka kwangongole kumachepetsedwa ndi lamulo. Banki Yaikulu Yadziko Lathu imakhazikitsa mtengo wokwanira wangongole (TCC) pamtundu uliwonse wangongole. Mtengowu uyenera kuphatikiza mautumiki onse owonjezera, kuphatikiza inshuwaransi ndi zina.

Chizindikirocho chimagawidwa m'mawu ndi ndalama. Mtengo wonse wangongole umaperekedwa kumagulu awa:

• kubwereketsa kotetezedwa;
• kubwereketsa kopanda chitetezo;
• ngongole yanyumba;
• ngongole yamagalimoto, etc.

Banki Yaikulu imasindikiza zidziwitso zaposachedwa pagawo lapadera la webusayiti yake. Imasinthidwa pafupipafupi - mpaka kasanu pachaka.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Mafunso amayankhidwa ndi katswiri wa zachuma, wamkulu wa Assistance Group of Companies Alexey Lashko.