Zamkatimu
- Zothandiza zokhudzana ndi masomphenya
- Chifukwa chiyani masomphenya amawonongeka
- Mitundu ya matenda a maso
- Njira 10 Zabwino Zothandizira Kuwona Kwamaso Popanda Magalasi Pakhomo
- 1. Mankhwala a Pharmacy
- 2. Chepetsani kupsinjika kwa maso
- 3. Chakudya choyenera
- 4. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa maso
- 5. Mavitamini owonjezera
- 6. Kusisita kwa khomo lachiberekero-collar zone
- 7. Kugona mokwanira komanso zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku
- 8. Kukana zizolowezi zoipa
- 9. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
- 10. Kuvala magalasi
- Malangizo a madokotala pakuwongolera masomphenya kunyumba
- Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka
Kuwona ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zamunthu, kotero kuchepetsa kuthwa kwake kumatha kusokoneza kwambiri moyo. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mungawongolere maso anu kunyumba ndi zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuti maso anu akhale athanzi.
Zothandiza zokhudzana ndi masomphenya
| Diopter | Kuwona bwino |
| +5 | hyperopia yapamwamba |
| Kuyambira +2 mpaka +5 | hyperopia yapakati |
| Mpaka +2 | hypermetropia yochepa |
| 1 | masomphenya abwinobwino |
| Pafupi ndi -3 | myopia wofatsa |
| Kuyambira -3 mpaka -6 | myopia yapakati |
| Kupitilira -6 | mkulu myopia |
Kuwona kwabwinobwino kumatanthauzidwa ndi nambala "1". Ngati kuona bwino kwatayika, ndiye kuti munthu akhoza kukhala ndi hypermetropia, ndiko kuti, kuona kutali, kapena myopia - myopia.
Chifukwa chiyani masomphenya amawonongeka
Kuwona kwa munthu kumatha kuwonongeka chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo cholowa, ndi mavuto diso (mwachitsanzo, chifukwa ntchito wokhazikika pa kompyuta), ndi matenda ena (kuphatikizapo zaka), ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Madokotala amalangiza nthawi yomweyo kukaonana ndi ophthalmologist ndi kuchepa kwa maso. Kupatula apo, kusawona bwino kungakhale chifukwa cha matenda ena owopsa omwe samakhudzana ndi maso.
Mwachitsanzo, matenda a shuga amatha kuona mosavuta.1 (diabetesic retinopathy), mtima, endocrine, minofu yolumikizana ndi matenda amanjenje.
Mitundu ya matenda a maso
Matenda a maso ndi ofala kwambiri. Malinga ndi zimene bungwe la World Health Organization linanena, munthu wokalamba aliyense amakhala ndi vuto limodzi loona. Padziko lonse, anthu 2,2 biliyoni amakhala ndi vuto la kuona kapena akhungu. Mwa awa, anthu osachepera 1 biliyoni ali ndi vuto losawona lomwe lingathe kupewedwa kapena kuwongoleredwa.2.
Matenda a maso omwe angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maso
Cataract
Matenda a ng'ala amadziŵika ndi mtambo wa disolo la diso, zomwe zingayambitse khungu lapadera kapena ngakhale lonse. Chiwopsezo chokhala ndi ng'ala chimawonjezeka ndi zaka, kuvulala ndi matenda otupa a maso. Gulu lachiwopsezo limaphatikizaponso anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga ndi matenda amtima, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa, kusuta fodya.
Izi ndi kuwonongeka kwa gawo lapakati la retina, lomwe limayang'anira masomphenya mwatsatanetsatane. Matendawa amabweretsa mawanga akuda, mithunzi, kapena kusokonezeka kwa masomphenya apakati. Pachiwopsezo ndi anthu achikulire.
Kuphulika kwa cornea
Zomwe zimayambitsa cornea opacity ndi kutupa ndi matenda opatsirana a maso (mwachitsanzo, keratitis, trachoma), kupwetekedwa kwa diso, zovuta pambuyo pa opaleshoni pa chiwalo, matenda obadwa nawo komanso majini.
Glaucoma
Glaucoma ndi kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mitsempha ya optic yomwe ingayambitse khungu losatha. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa okalamba.
Matenda a shuga
Uku ndikuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi mu retina ya diso yomwe imachitika ndi matenda a shuga. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayamba ndi matenda a shuga kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo, ngati salandira chithandizo, amatha kuchititsa khungu.
Refraction anomalies
Zolakwa za refractive ndi zosokoneza zowoneka momwe zimakhala zovuta kuyang'ana momveka bwino chithunzi chakunja. Izi ndi mtundu wa zolakwika za kuwala: zimaphatikizapo hyperopia, myopia ndi astigmatism.
Trakoma
Ichi ndi matenda opatsirana a diso, omwe amatsagana ndi kuwonongeka kwa cornea ndi conjunctiva. Trachoma imadziwika ndi kugwa kwa cornea, kuchepa kwa masomphenya, mabala. Ndi matenda obwerezabwereza kwa zaka zambiri, volvulus ya zikope imakula - ma eyelashes amatha kutembenukira mkati. Matendawa amatsogolera ku khungu.
Njira 10 Zabwino Zothandizira Kuwona Kwamaso Popanda Magalasi Pakhomo
1. Mankhwala a Pharmacy
Pali mankhwala osiyanasiyana kuti azitha kuwona bwino, komabe, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe adanenera dokotala. M'ma pharmacies, mungapeze madontho kuti mupumule minofu ya diso, kulimbitsa retina, komanso madontho osungunuka.
2. Chepetsani kupsinjika kwa maso
Pamene akugwira ntchito pa kompyuta, ophthalmologists amalangiza kupuma pang'ono mphindi 20-30 iliyonse. Muyeneranso kuwerenga ndi kulemba momveka bwino - lamuloli limagwira ntchito makamaka kwa ana asukulu.
3. Chakudya choyenera
Kupanda kufufuza zinthu zina mu zakudya kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa maso.3. Zakudya zokhala ndi mavitamini A ndi C, komanso omega mafuta acids, zimakhudza bwino masomphenya. Izi zikuphatikizapo kaloti, blueberries, broccoli, masamba a salimoni, mazira, tsabola wokoma, chimanga, zipatso za citrus, ndi mtedza.
4. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa maso
Pali njira zambiri zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi. Uku ndi kuphethira pafupipafupi, ndi kutikita m'zikope, ndikuyang'ana zinthu zapafupi ndi zakutali, ndikuyenda kwamaso kozungulira.
- Maseŵera olimbitsa thupi a maso ndi othandiza komanso minofu ina ya thupi. Mukamayang'ana chinthu chapafupi, minofu mkati mwa diso imakhazikika, ndipo imamasuka mukayang'ana patali. Chifukwa chake, kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pafupi ndi zida zamagetsi, omwe amagwirizana ndi makampani a IT, ndikofunikira kusinthana motalikirapo komanso pafupi. Onetsetsani kuti muyang'ane patali mphindi zochepa pa ola, - akulangiza Doctor of Medical Science, ophthalmologist-surgeon, katswiri wa Doctor TV channel Tatyana Shilova.
5. Mavitamini owonjezera
Nthawi zina, maphunziro a mavitamini B, E, C, A amaperekedwa pofuna kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda a maso. Mavitamini a vitamini amatha kukhala ndi zotsutsana, chifukwa chake muyenera kuwerenga mosamala malangizowo, kapena bwino, funsani dokotala.
6. Kusisita kwa khomo lachiberekero-collar zone
Njirayi imathandiza kuti magazi aziyenda bwino, kubwezeretsanso kayendedwe kabwino ka magazi, komanso kutuluka kwamadzimadzi. Kusisita kwa khomo lachiberekero-kolala ndi bwino kupatsa katswiri.
7. Kugona mokwanira komanso zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku
Kupumula kwabwino kumathandizira kukhazikika kwa michere ku retina, komwe mosakayikira kumathandizira kuwona bwino komanso kuthandizira kukhala akuthwa kwake. Akatswiri amalangiza kugona maola 7-9 usiku.
8. Kukana zizolowezi zoipa
Kusuta kumachepetsa kagayidwe kachakudya m'thupi, kotero kuti kufufuza zinthu zofunika pakugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo za masomphenya sizimawafikira. Izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi ng'ala, matenda a maso owuma, mavuto a mitsempha ya optic, ndi matenda ena. Kuyang'ana maso ku utsi wa ndudu kungayambitse kulephera kuona.
9. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Kuphulika kwa minofu mumsana ndi pakhosi kumakhudza kwambiri dongosolo la mitsempha, kuphatikizapo kugwira ntchito kwa maso. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi komanso kuyenda pafupipafupi mumpweya watsopano kumathandizira kulimbitsa minofu ya corset, kuonjezera kutuluka kwa magazi ndikupereka zakudya ku minofu yomwe imayang'anira malo a disolo la diso, lomwe limayang'anira kuyang'ana kwa masomphenya.4.
10. Kuvala magalasi
Magalasi oikidwa bwino amateteza maso anu ku kuwala kowonjezera kwa ultraviolet komwe kungawononge cornea ndi retina. Magalasi a dzuwa amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda aakulu a maso komanso adzakuthandizani kuti maso anu asawoneke bwino komanso akuthwa kunyumba.
Malangizo a madokotala pakuwongolera masomphenya kunyumba
Malinga ndi Tatyana Shilova, nthawi zina, masewera olimbitsa thupi amathandizira kuwona bwino. Zolimbitsa thupi zoyang'ana masomphenya pa zinthu zapafupi ndizothandiza makamaka kwa anthu omwe amagwira ntchito pakompyuta ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi.
Komanso, dokotala wa ophthalmologist-ophthalmologist amalimbikitsa kuti magalasi olumikizirana asiyidwe ngati njira yowongolera maso.
- Njira yabwino yowongolera ndi magalasi. Kuphatikiza apo, mandala olumikizana nthawi yayitali amakhala owopsa nthawi zonse, kusintha kwa dystrophic ndi mavuto ena. Ophthalmologists, makamaka ophthalmologist-ochita opaleshoni omwe amawongolera masomphenya a laser (masiku ano mofulumira kwambiri, mkati mwa masekondi 25), amanena kuti kuvala magalasi si njira yabwino yothetsera. Choncho, akatswiri amapereka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magalasi okhudzana ndi magalasi ndipo akufuna kusunga ndalama kuti akonze laser, akuwonjezera Tatyana Shilova.
Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka
Mayankho a mafunso otchuka okhudza kuwonongeka kwa maso MD, dokotala wa ophthalmologist-ophthalmologist Tatiana Shilova ndi ophthalmologist ku European Medical Center Natalia Bosha.
Ndi chiyani chomwe chimawononga kwambiri maso anu?
Chinthu chachiwiri chomwe chimakhudza masomphenya ndi majini. Ngati pali chibadwa cha myopia, kuyang'ana kutali, astigmatism, ndiye kuti timadutsa mwa cholowa.
Chinthu chachitatu ndi concomitant matenda: shuga, mtima atherosulinosis, matenda oopsa. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri osati ziwalo zonse za thupi lathu, komanso chiwalo cha masomphenya, - akuti Tatyana Shilova.
- Chimodzi mwazinthu zosasangalatsa ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri. Chilichonse choyandikira 35-40 centimita chimaonedwa kuti ndi chapafupi. Kutali ndi mtunda uwu, kumakhala kosavuta, kumakhala kosavuta kwa maso, - akutsindika Natalia Bosha.
Kodi maso angabwezeretsedwe popanda opaleshoni?
Ngati tikulankhula za kusokonezeka kwa magwiridwe antchito (mwachitsanzo, kuchulukirachulukira kwa minofu ya intraocular yomwe imayang'ana "kutali kwambiri") kapena kuphwanya kwapamaso komwe kumakhudzana ndi matenda a "diso louma", ndiye kuti masomphenya amatha kukhala pang'ono. kapena kubwezeretsedwa kwathunthu pogwiritsa ntchito njira zochiritsira. Ndi dokotala yekha amene angadziwe chomwe chimayambitsa vuto la maso,” akuyankha Tatyana Shilova.
- Ndi katundu wochuluka kwambiri, zomwe zimatchedwa spasm ya malo ogona zimatha kukula, pamene disolo la diso silingagwirizane ndi masomphenya akutali. Kupweteka kwa malo ogona kumawonjezera mawonetseredwe a myopia kapena kumayambitsa maonekedwe ake. Izi zimatchedwa myopia yabodza. Zikatero, masomphenya amatha kubwezeretsedwa popanda kuchitidwa opaleshoni. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kulandira chithandizo ndi ophthalmologist, kugwiritsa ntchito madontho apadera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti mupumule ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya minofu ya diso. Pamenepa, masomphenya angathe kubwezeretsedwa,” akuwonjezera Natalia Bosha.
Kodi zowopsa za kukonza masomphenya a laser ndi ziti?
- Pambuyo pa kuwongolera kwa laser, ndikofunikira kuti wodwalayo atsatire malingaliro ena. Izi zidzapewa zovuta za postoperative. Mwachitsanzo, wodwalayo ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito madontho apadera pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kwa sabata kuti asatengere masewera, kupita ku dziwe, kusamba ndi sauna. Ndipo mfundo yachiwiri yofunikira pambuyo pa kuwongolera kwa laser: mkati mwa sabata ndikofunikira kupewa kuvulala ndi kulumikizana kulikonse kwamphamvu, akutsindika Natalia Bosha.
Kodi kuwongolera masomphenya a laser kumatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Opaleshoni imeneyi yakhala ikuchitika kwa zaka zoposa 30. Pali odwala amene zotsatira kumatenga zaka zoposa 30. Inde, nthawi zina pamakhala kutsika pang'ono pambuyo pa zaka 15-20 kuyambira tsiku la opaleshoniyo. Monga ulamuliro, izi anaona odwala ndi myopia poyamba mkulu (-7 ndi pamwamba), - anawonjezera Natalia Bosha.
Magwero a:
- Shadrichev FE Diabetic retinopathy (malingaliro a ophthalmologist). Matenda a shuga. 2008; 11 (3): 8-11. https://doi.org/10.14341/2072-0351-5349.
- Lipoti la World on vision [Lipoti la World on vision]. Geneva: Bungwe la World Health Organization; 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/328717/9789240017207-rus.pdf
- Ivanova AA Maphunziro ndi thanzi la maso. Kuthekera kwanzeru zazaka za XXI: gawo la chidziwitso. 2016: p.22.
- Ivanova AA Maphunziro ndi thanzi la maso. Kuthekera kwanzeru zazaka za XXI: gawo la chidziwitso. 2016: p.23.