Momwe mungabwereke nyumba ndikupeza ndalama mu 2022: malangizo atsatanetsatane ndi upangiri wa akatswiri

Kutsatira momwe zinthu ziliri pazachuma, mabanki amafewetsa kapena kukhwimitsa mfundo zawo zangongole. Zaka 20 zapitazo, ngongole zidaperekedwa mosamala: zotetezedwa kapena zotsimikizika. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono adawonekera, ndipo chiwerengero cha ngongole ndi makhadi obwereketsa chinawonjezekanso. Mlingo wa zofunikira kwa obwereka watsika.

Koma kusokonekera kwachuma kwazaka zaposachedwa kukukakamiza mabanki ndi mabungwe ena obwereketsa kuti asankhenso. Mu 2022, njira yokhayo yotsimikizika yopezera ngongole ndikubwereketsa nyumba ndikupeza ndalama mwachangu.

Tinakonza malangizo a pang'onopang'ono ndikukambirana ndi katswiri wa momwe angachitire zonse bwino.

Chinthu chachikulu pa chikole cha nyumba

Zofunikira zanyumba yanyumba

M'dziko Lathu, palibe zofunikira za yunifolomu pakubwereketsa nyumba - osati nyumbayo, kapena kwa munthu amene akufuna kulandira ndalama. Obwereketsa amatsogozedwa ndi zofuna zawo zachuma komanso kuwunika kwa ngozi.

Mwachitsanzo, banki imodzi sangatenge nyumba ku ZATOs ngati chikole, chifukwa iyi ndi mizinda yotsekedwa. Ngati wobwereka sangathe kubweza ndalamazo, nyumbayo iyenera kugulitsidwa ndipo zidzakhala zovuta kutero. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti wobwereketsa abweze ndalama zawo mwachangu. Banki ina ikhoza kuvomereza nyumba yoteroyo, koma ikupereka mtengo wokwera pang'ono ndikupereka ndalama zocheperapo kuposa momwe nyumbayo imawonongera.

Chithunzi chovomerezeka cha wobwereketsa chimakhalanso chosiyana kwa wobwereketsa aliyense. Mabanki akuluakulu akhoza kukana ngati munthu alibe ntchito yokhazikika komanso ndalama zomwe amapeza. Kapena perekani mawu ocheperako. Ngongole ndi ogula ma cooperatives ndi osunga ndalama pawokha, m'malo mwake, sizofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika wopempha ndalama.

Tidasanthula zomwe obwereketsa apereka mu 2022 ndikupeza zofunikira za "masamu apakati" pa chikole cha nyumba m'dziko lathu.

Nyumbayi ili mumzinda momwe muli ofesi yoimira wobwereketsa. Ngati banki (ngakhale kuti ikhoza kuvomereza nyumba ngati chikole) ilibe nthambi ndi nthambi m'dera lanu, nyumba yotereyi sikungaganizidwe. Chifukwa chake ndi chosavuta: ngati wobwereka sangathe kubweza ngongoleyo, ndiye kuti ayenera kuthamangitsidwa, kutsutsidwa, ndi kugulitsidwa. Izi ndi ndalama kwa wobwereketsa, makamaka ngati ali mumzinda wina.

Mkhalidwe wa nyumba. Wobwereketsayo sadzayang'ana pazithunzi zatsopano ndi mazenera owoneka kawiri. Zachidziwikire, ngati nyumbayo idayaka moto, ndiye kuti ndiyopanda pake. Koma kawirikawiri, mipando yokongola ndi khitchini yatsopano sizimakhudza mtengo. Kupatula apo, ndi nyumba yomwe ikubwerekedwa, yomwe imatha kugulitsidwa mwachangu.

Ndikofunikira kwa angongole kuti nyumbayo si yadzidzidzi, yowonongeka. Pali zofunikira za kuchuluka kwa masitolo ndi kuchuluka kwa nyumba. Mwachitsanzo, nyumba zansanjika ziwiri zokhala ndi zipinda zisanu ndi chimodzi - zoterezo zinamangidwa m'zaka zoyambirira za Soviet - sizikugwera pansi pa zomwe ambiri amabwereketsa. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi matabwa - komanso, mwinamwake, bail si njira.

Kulumikizana kulikonse kuyenera kugwira ntchito: gasi, magetsi, kutentha ndi madzi. Kukulitsanso kosaloledwa nthawi zambiri sikuloledwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati khoma pakati pa khitchini ndi chipindacho linagwetsedwa m'nyumba yokhala ndi chitofu cha gasi, izi ndizofunikira. Koma ngati nkhokweyo idakonzedwanso, ndiye kuti ndi mwanzeru ya banki. Kukonzanso kovomerezeka mu BTI ndikovomerezeka.

Kodi wobwereketsa akudziwa bwanji kuti nyumbayo ndi yamadzimadzi? Ndi zophweka: muyenera kuyitanitsa kuwunika. Iyi ndi ntchito yolipira. M'dziko Lathu, mtengo wapakati ndi ma ruble 5-15. Katswiri adzabwera, kutenga zithunzi, kulemba mapeto - album yowunikira. Woyang'anira adzawonetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogulitsira nyumba, pamaziko omwe banki idzapanga lingaliro la kukula kwa ngongoleyo.

Maziko a umwini. Mwachidule, munapeza bwanji nyumbayi. Maziko abwino kwa wobwereketsa ndi mgwirizano wogulitsa. Ndiko kuti, mudagulapo nyumba nokha, ndipo tsopano mukufuna kubwereketsa. Kapena mwapanga nyumba yaumwini. Kumbukirani kuti privatization idayamba mu 1991.

Amasamala ndi nyumba zolandilidwa pansi pa mgwirizano wa zopereka komanso ngati cholowa. Makamaka ngati nyumbayo posachedwapa anasamukira kwa inu. Mwadzidzidzi, m'miyezi ingapo, mbiri yaumbanda kapena yachiweruzo idzawululidwa? Mwachitsanzo, padzakhala olowa nyumba omwe zofuna zawo sizinaganiziridwe pogawa katundu.

Nthawi yomweyo, nyumba zotere zimavomerezedwa, koma amafunsidwa kuti apereke inshuwaransi yamutu. Pansi pa ndondomeko yotereyi, kampani ya inshuwalansi imalonjeza kulipira ndalama zogulira nyumba ngati mwadzidzidzi mgwirizano wa zopereka kapena cholowa ukachita apilo kukhoti.

Zipinda zomangidwa ndi zomwe zasainira pangano la zopereka sizoyenera. Khoti likhoza kulanda nyumbayo. Izi zimachitika ngati mwini wake, mwachitsanzo, akukhudzidwa ndi mlandu. Kapena amatolera ngongole kwa iye. Wobwereketsa sangatenge nyumba yomwe mgwirizano wa zopereka wapangidwa kale.

Nthawi zambiri salola nyumba zobwereketsa. Koma wobwereketsa sangadziwe za izi - ingotenga mawu anu. Chinanso ndikuti pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, izi sizingasewere m'malo mwanu. Tiyerekeze kuti mwabwereketsa nyumba ndi inshuwaransi, koma nthawi yomweyo mukubwereketsa kwa alendi. Iwo anali ndi mpweya wotuluka ndipo nyumbayo inawonongeka. Nyumbayi idagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu ena ndipo kampani ya inshuwaransi ikana kulipira chipukuta misozi.

Zofunikira kwa obwereka

Mukafuna kupeza ndalama zotetezedwa ndi nyumba, wobwereketsa adzakuyesaninso ngati wobwereka. Mabanki ali ndi mfundo zokhwima.

Zaka. Nthawi zambiri, nzika imatha kutaya katundu wake kuyambira zaka 18. Pali zosiyana kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 16, ngati kumasulidwa kumazindikiridwa kudzera m'khoti - ndiko kuti, munthu amaonedwa kuti ndi wokhoza mokwanira, kutanthauza kuti ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira. akhoza kutaya katundu, kuphatikizapo kulonjeza.

Komabe, popereka ngongole, mabanki amawonjezera zaka zochepa za wobwereka. Malo otsika nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 20-21. The chapamwamba bala ndi lalikulu ndithu - kuchokera 65 mpaka 85 zaka. Pa nthawi ya msinkhu uwu, ngongole iyenera kutsekedwa kale.

Chitsanzo. Mtsikana wina wazaka 50 wokhala mumzinda akufuna kubwereketsa nyumba ndi kubweza ndalamazo kubanki kwa zaka 20. Komabe, banki imangobwereketsa obwereka osakwana zaka 65. Ndiye kuti, mudzatenga ngongole kwa zaka 15 zokha kapena kuyang'ana banki ina.

Kudziwa ntchito ndi ndalama.  Mabungwe ogulitsa ngongole (CPC) ndi osunga ndalama wamba ndi okhulupirika momwe angathere kwa iwo omwe akufuna kubwereketsa nyumba ndikupeza ndalama. Mabanki alinso ofunikira kwambiri pankhaniyi. Konzani satifiketi ya 2-NDFL (pa ndalama), muyenera kulembedwa ntchito pomaliza kwa miyezi 3-6. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mabanki kumvetsa kuti si onse ntchito mwalamulo. Chifukwa chake, angavomereze kuvomera chikalata chanu chaku banki ngati njira ina. Mawuwo ayenera kusonyeza kuti wobwereka amalandira ndalama mokhazikika komanso kuti ali ndi ndalama m'maakaunti ake.

Mbiri ya ngongole. Choyamba, mabanki akumvetsera - CPC ikuyang'ananso. Mbiri yangongole imasungidwa m'malo apadera. Amafalitsa zambiri za ngongole zomwe zimalembetsedwa kwa munthuyu, kaya malipiro amaperekedwa pa nthawi yake. 

Malangizo a pang'onopang'ono pakubwereketsa nyumba

1. Sankhani wobwereketsa

Chisankho chili pakati pa mabanki, mgwirizano wogula ngongole (CPC) kapena wochita bizinesi wamba. Aliyense ali ndi ubwino ndi zovuta zake, zomwe tidzakambirana pansipa.

2. Konzani zikalata

Kuti mubwereke nyumba muyenera:

• lembani fomu yofunsira (wobwereketsa aliyense ali ndi fomu yakeyake);
• pasipoti yoyambirira yokhala ndi kulembetsa;
• chikalata chachiwiri (SNILS, chilolezo choyendetsa galimoto, TIN, ID ya asilikali, pasipoti, ndipo nthawi zina zonse mwakamodzi - wobwereketsa aliyense ali ndi zofuna zake);
• 2-NDFL satifiketi yopeza ndalama (mutha kuipempha ku dipatimenti yowerengera ndalama kapena kuitsitsa muakaunti yanu patsamba la misonkho - choyamba, ndi mabanki omwe amapempha);
• kope la bukhu lantchito kapena chotulukapo (mabanki amafunsanso);
• ngati mwakwatirana ndipo simunalowe mu mgwirizano waukwati, malinga ndi momwe mwamuna kapena mkaziyo (a) alibe nyumba ndipo sakhala ngati wobwereketsa ngongole, ndiye kuti mukufunikira satifiketi yochokera ku ofesi yolembetsa;
• chitsimikiziro cha umwini wa nyumbayo: mgwirizano wogulitsa, chochokera ku USRN, chiphaso cha cholowa, mgwirizano wa zopereka kapena chigamulo cha khoti.

3. Kumvetsetsa inshuwalansi ndi mtengo

Choyamba, wobwereketsayo adzapempha kuyesa kwa nyumbayo. Lamulo silikakamiza kuchita izi, koma mwakuchita njirayi imachitika nthawi zonse. Ndizosatheka kukhulupirira mawu a wobwereka kuti nyumba yake imawononga ndalama zina. Makampani oyesa ntchito amagwira ntchito mwachangu. Izi zisanachitike, yang'anani ngati kampani iliyonse yoyesa ndi yoyenera kapena kuchokera pakati pa omwe ali ovomerezeka ndi banki kapena CPC. Katswiriyo abwera, apanga chimbale chowunikira (pafupifupi masiku 1-3) ndikulemba mawu omaliza pamtengo wanyumba.

Pambuyo pake, wobwereketsayo adzatha kulengeza ndalama zomwe ali wokonzeka kupereka pachitetezo. Chonde dziwani kuti palibe amene angapereke 100% ya mtengo wanyumba pa ngongole. Chabwino, ngati apereka 80-90% ya mtengo wamsika. Mwachitsanzo, wowerengerayo adalemba kuti malowa ndi ofunika ma ruble 10 miliyoni. Wobwereketsayo amavomereza kupereka 75% ya ndalama izi, ndiye kuti, ma ruble 7,5 miliyoni. Kumbukirani kuti wobwereketsayo si wogula nyumbayo. Ali ndi ntchito yosiyana: kupereka ndalama, kupeza ndalama, ndipo ngati chinachake sichikuyenda bwino, gulitsani chikolecho mwamsanga ndikubwezeretsanso zake.

Musanayambe kugulitsa, muyenera kuvomereza inshuwalansi ya nyumbayo. Kampani ya inshuwalansi iyenera kutsimikizira kuti ndi yokonzeka kutsimikizira chinthucho ndi moyo wa wobwereka. Mwamwayi, kampani iliyonse ndiyoyenera. Komabe, obwereketsa nthawi zambiri amawonetsa gulu la ma inshuwaransi omwe amagwira nawo ntchito. Mukasankha kampani ina, ndiye kuti ntchitoyo imatha kuganiziridwa motalika kapena kukanidwa popanda kufotokoza.

Wobwereka sakufunika kuti atsimikizire mutuwo (tinalankhula za ntchitoyi pamwambapa). Koma wobwereketsa, kachiwiri, pankhaniyi, akhoza kukana kapena kukweza mtengowo.

4. Lembani lonjezo

Panthawiyi, boma, loimiridwa ndi Rosreestr, likukhudzidwa ndi mlanduwu. Dipatimenti imeneyi ndi imene imayang’anira zowerengera za malo ndi malo m’dziko muno. Zilibe kanthu kwa iye kuti wabwereketsa chiyani komanso pamikhalidwe yotani. Amakhala ngati mtundu wa chitsimikizo cha chiyero cha malondawo. M'gawo lakelo kuti kuyambira pano ku USRN pafupi ndi nyumba yanu padzakhala zovuta. Mawuwa akuwonetsa kuti nyumbayo idalonjezedwa. Izi ndizofunikira kuti tipewe mikangano m'tsogolomu.

5. Migwirizano yovomereza ngongole ndi kulandira ndalama

Pafupifupi, ntchito yonseyi imatenga masiku 14. Izi ndi ngati simuthamangira kulikonse, koma musachedwe kusonkhanitsa zikalata. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe nthawi iyi yapangidwa:

• kuvomereza kusanachitike kwa wobwereketsa - mu 2022 zimatenga maola angapo ngakhale mphindi;
• kuvomerezedwa kwa ntchito - mpaka masiku asanu, njira yayitali kwambiri ndi mabanki, pakadali pano muyenera kupereka zikalata zonse;
• inshuwaransi ndi kuwerengera - makampani amagwira ntchito mwachangu, koma osati nthawi yomweyo, tidzatenga masiku asanu panjira izi;
• kulembetsa chikole ku Rosreestr - masiku asanu ogwira ntchito kuyambira tsiku lomwe adalandira pempholi ndi zikalata zomwe zikugwirizana nazo, polembetsa kudzera mu MFC - masiku asanu ndi awiri ogwira ntchito, ngakhale kuti aliyense angagwiritse ntchito mofulumira;
• kulandira ndalama - mwamsanga pambuyo polembetsa chikole.

Kodi malo abwino ochitira lendi nyumba ndi ati?

1. Mabanki

Njira yopindulitsa kwambiri potengera mitengo. Zidzakhala zochepa poyerekeza ndi CPC ndi osunga ndalama. Koma kubwereketsa nyumba ndi kupeza ndalama ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa amaganizira wobwereka mosamala: ndondomeko ya ndalama, buku la ntchito, mbiri ya ngongole. Mungathe kuchita popanda izo, koma ndiye mlingo udzakhala wapamwamba. Kuphatikiza apo, liwiro la kuvomerezedwa ndi mabanki ndilotsika kwambiri. Simupeza ndalama mwachangu.

2. Osunga ndalama payekha

Mu 2022, osunga ndalama atha kupereka ndalama pa belo kwa amalonda payekha komanso mabungwe ovomerezeka kuti atukule bizinesi. Iwo amaletsedwa kubwereketsa kwa nzika wamba.

Ngati muli ndi bizinesi kapena LLC komanso nyumba yomwe ili yoyenera belo, ndiye kuti mutha kubwereketsa kuchokera kwa Investor. Uyu ndi munthu wamba yemwe ali ndi chidwi chopeza ndalama. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, akhoza kuchitapo kanthu kudzera mwa broker, kampani yoyang'anira yomwe imatsagana ndi mbali yovomerezeka ya malonda.

Otsatsa amakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chambiri pa ngongole kuposa mabanki ndi ma CPC. Koma mukhoza kupeza ndalama mwamsanga.

3. Njira zina

Mabungwe a Microfinance, nawonso ndi a MFIs kapena "ndalama zofulumira" sangavomereze nyumba ngati chikole. Lamulo limaletsa. Pawnshops satenganso nyumba. Ma CPC okha ndi omwe adatsalira - mabungwe ogula ngongole. Kulembetsa kwawo kuli patsamba la Central Bank¹. Ngati kampani siili pamndandanda, musagwire nawo ntchito.

CPC imabwereketsa okhawo omwe ali nawo. Malinga ndi miyezo yamakono, mawonekedwewo amawoneka achikale. Kupatula apo, poyambilira, ma cooperatives adapangidwa ngati "ndalama zothandizirana". Ndiko kuti, gulu la anthu limagwirizanitsa ndikusankha: tiyeni tiwonjezere ndalama ku thumba lachigwirizano, ndipo ngati mmodzi wa ogawana nawo akufunikira ndalamazo, tidzamupatsa ngongole. Ndipo tidzathandiza munthu, ndipo tidzapeza ndalama tokha.

PDAs zamakono ntchito njira yomweyo, kokha amavomereza pafupifupi aliyense monga masheya, ndipo simuyenera kulipira ndalama kujowina. Ndiko kuti, wobwereka amavomerezedwa mu mgwirizano, amapereka ngongole yotetezedwa, ndipo amapereka ndalama ku CCP. Akangobweza ngongoleyo, akhoza kuchoka. 

Ma cooperatives ndi okhulupilika momwe angathere ku chithunzi cha wobwereka ndipo amapereka chivomerezo mwachangu kuposa mabanki. Koma maperesenti awo ndi apamwamba.

Zoyenera kubweza ngongole yanyumba

Zinthu zonse zafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano wa ngongole. Sizosiyana kwambiri ndi ngongole zanthawi zonse. Malipiro amayenera kupangidwa mwezi uliwonse pamasiku enaake. Mutha kubweza ngongoleyo msanga popanda chilango chilichonse. Ngongole ikalipidwa, gawo lachitetezo limachotsedwa mnyumbamo.

Banki ili ndi ufulu wotenga katunduyo ngati wobwereka wachedwa kubweza ndi tsiku limodzi katatu pachaka. Chiwopsezo chenicheni chosiyidwa opanda pokhala kwa achibale onse, kuphatikiza mwana wosakwana zaka 18.

Pamene mukulipira ngongoleyo, simungathe kuchita chilichonse ndi nyumbayo popanda chilolezo cha wobwereketsa. Mutha kukhala ndi moyo, kukonza zodzikongoletsera. Koma kukonzanso, kugulitsa ndi kubwereketsa - kokha ndi chilolezo cha mwini malonjezo.

Mafunso ndi mayankho otchuka

Amayankha mafunso Loya wa GLS Invest Management Company (GLS INVEST) Alexander Morev.

Magwero a:

1. Webusaiti ya Central Bank. https://www.cbr.ru/hd_base/KeyRate/
2. Federal Law No. 16.07.1998-FZ ya July 102, 26.03.2022 (monga kusinthidwa pa March 01.05.2022, 19396) “Pa Mortgage (Pledge of Real Estate)” (monga kusinthidwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa, kuyambira pa May 8, 3) . http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_17125/b9eebfdbd17ea0ea7b0420dc375c19dXNUMXfXNUMXfXNUMX/.