Tonse tinali achinyamata ndipo timakumbukira mkwiyo ndi zionetsero zomwe makolo amaletsa. Kodi kulankhula ndi ana akukula? Ndipo ndi njira ziti zophunzitsira zomwe zili zogwira mtima kwambiri?
Ngakhale wachinyamata akuwoneka ngati wamkulu, musaiwale kuti m'maganizo akadali mwana. Ndipo njira zachikoka zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi akuluakulu siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ana.
Mwachitsanzo, njira ya «ndodo» ndi «karoti». Kuti mudziwe zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwa achinyamata - lonjezo la mphotho kapena kuopseza chilango, ana asukulu 18 (zaka 12-17) ndi akuluakulu 20 (zaka 18-32) adaitanidwa kuti ayese. Anayenera kusankha pakati pa zizindikiro zingapo zosamveka1.
Pachizindikiro chilichonse, wophunzirayo atha kulandira "mphoto", "chilango" kapena chilichonse. Nthawi zina otenga nawo mbali adawonetsedwa zomwe zingachitike ngati atasankha chizindikiro china. Pang'onopang'ono, maphunzirowo adaloweza zizindikiro zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zotsatira zina, ndikusintha njira.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, achinyamata ndi akuluakulu analinso bwino kukumbukira zizindikiro zomwe zingathe kulipidwa, koma achinyamata anali oipitsitsa kwambiri popewa "zilango". Komanso, achikulire anachita bwino atauzidwa zimene zikanachitika akanasankha mosiyana. Kwa achinyamata, chidziwitsochi sichinathandize m’njira iliyonse.
Ngati tikufuna kulimbikitsa achinyamata kuchita zinazake, kudzakhala kothandiza kwambiri kuwapatsa mphoto.
“Maphunziro a achinyamata ndi akuluakulu ndi osiyana. Mosiyana ndi achikulire, achinyamata sangathe kusintha khalidwe lawo kuti apewe chilango. Ngati tikufuna kulimbikitsa ophunzira kuti achite zinazake kapena, mosiyana, kuti asamachite zinazake, ndikothandiza kwambiri kuwapatsa mphotho kuposa kuwawopseza kuti awapatsa chilango, "atero wolemba wamkulu wa phunziroli, katswiri wa zamaganizo Stefano Palmiteri (Stefano Palminteri).
“Potengera zotsatirazi, makolo ndi aphunzitsi akuyenera kupanga zopempha kwa achinyamata m’njira yabwino.
Chiganizo "Ndikuwonjezera ndalama pazomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito mukatsuka mbale" zidzagwira ntchito bwino kuposa kuwopseza "Ngati simudya mbale, simupeza ndalama." Pazochitika zonsezi, wachinyamatayo adzakhala ndi ndalama zambiri ngati akuwotcha mbale, koma, monga momwe zoyesera zikuwonetsera, amatha kuyankha mwayi wolandira mphotho, "anawonjezera wolemba nawo phunziroli, katswiri wa zamaganizo Sarah-Jayne. Blakemore (Sarah-Jayne Blakemore).
1 S. Palminteri et al. "The Computational Development of Reinforcement Learning during Adolescence", PLOS Computational Biology, June 2016.