Kodi spirogyra ndi chiyani?
Spirogyra ndi imodzi mwa algae omwe amaphunzira kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe adapezeka zaka mazana awiri zapitazo. Amakhala ndi ulusi wopanda nthambi (ma cell cylindrical), amakhala m'nyanja zotentha, zatsopano komanso zamchere pang'ono padziko lonse lapansi, amawoneka ngati mapangidwe a thonje omwe amayandama pamwamba ndikuphimba pansi.
Ndi zowopsa bwanji ku Baikal
Kumene kunali madzi oyera, omwe tsopano anali obiriwira, onunkhira odzola am'nyanja. Mphepete mwa nyanja, yomwe poyamba inkawala ndi mchenga woyera, tsopano ndi yauve komanso yadambo. Kwa zaka zingapo, akhala akuletsedwa kusambira m'magombe ambiri omwe kale anali otchuka a Nyanja ya Baikal chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa E. coli m'madzi, omwe amaweta bwino kwambiri m'madzi akuda.
Kuphatikiza apo, spirogyra imachotsa zotsalira (mitundu yomwe imangopezeka ku Baikal - cholemba cha wolemba): ma gastropods, masiponji a Baikal, ndipo ndi omwe amawonetsetsa kuti nyanjayi ikuwoneka bwino. Imakhala pamalo amene mbalamezi zimaswana, zomwe ndi chakudya cha mtundu wa Baikal omul. Zimapangitsa kukhala kosatheka kuwedza m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Spirogyra imaphimba magombe a nyanjayo ndi wosanjikiza wandiweyani, kuwola, kuwononga madzi, kuwapangitsa kukhala osayenera kumwa.
Chifukwa chiyani spirogyra imaswana kwambiri
Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani ndere zinachuluka chonchi, zomwe poyamba zinkakhala mwakachetechete komanso mwamtendere m’nyanjayi ndipo sizinkasokoneza aliyense? Phosphates amaonedwa kuti ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha kukula, chifukwa spirogyra amawadyetsa ndipo amakula mwachangu chifukwa cha iwo. Komanso, iwo okha kuwononga tizilombo tina, kuchotsa madera kwa spirogyra. Phosphates ndi feteleza wa spirogyra, ali mu ufa wochapira wotsika mtengo, kusamba sikutheka popanda izo, ndipo anthu ambiri sali okonzeka kugula ufa wodula.
Malinga ndi mkulu wa bungwe la Limnological Institute Mikhail Grachev, pali spirogyra yambiri pamphepete mwa nyanja, malo opangira chithandizo samatsuka chilichonse, madzi onyansa amachokera kwa iwo, aliyense amadziwa izi, koma samachita kanthu. Ndipo kawirikawiri, akatswiri amalankhula za kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe chozungulira nyanjayi, zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kutaya zinyalala kuchokera kwa anthu okhala m'deralo ndi alendo, komanso mpweya wochokera kumakampani ogulitsa mafakitale.
Zimene akatswiri amanena
Spirogyra poyambilira imakula bwino m'malo otentha, ndipo ku Baikal madzi ndi ozizira kwambiri, kotero kuti sizinawonekere pakati pa zomera zina kale. Koma, kudyetsa phosphates, imakula bwino m'madzi ozizira, izi zikhoza kuwonedwa ndi maso m'chaka, madzi oundana asungunuka, ndipo akugwira kale madera atsopano.
Njira yothetsera vutoli imachokera pazigawo zitatu. Chinthu choyamba ndikumanga malo atsopano opangira chithandizo. Yachiwiri ndi yoyeretsa madera a m’mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuti muyeretse malo amadzi, simuyenera kusonkhanitsa spirogyra kuchokera pamwamba, komanso kuchokera pansi. Ndipo iyi ndi ntchito yowononga nthawi, chifukwa imafunika kuchotsa dothi la masentimita 30 kuti zitsimikizire kuti chiwonongeko chake (spirogyra imapezeka kuyambira pamphepete mwa nyanja mpaka kufika mamita 40). Chachitatu ndi kuletsa kukhetsa madzi kuchokera ku makina ochapira m'madzi a Selenga, Upper Angara, Barguzin, Turka, Snezhnaya ndi Sarma mitsinje. Koma, ngakhale anthu onse okhala m'dera la Irkutsk ndi Republic of Buryatia akakana ufa wotchipa, zidzatenga zaka zingapo kuti abwezeretse zachilengedwe za m'nyanjayi, zakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndipo ndizopanda nzeru kukhulupirira kuti zidzafulumira. achire.
Kutsiliza
Akuluakulu ena amanena kuti nyanjayi ndi yaikulu kwambiri moti matope sangalowemo, koma asayansi amatsutsa zimenezi. Adafufuza pansi ndipo adapeza kuti pakuya kwa 10 metres pali zazikulu, zosanjikiza zambiri za spirogyra. Zigawo zapansi, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya, zimawola, kutulutsa zinthu zapoizoni, ndipo zimatsika mpaka kuya kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nkhokwe za algae zowola zimaunjikana ku Baikal - zimasanduka dzenje lalikulu la kompositi.
Nyanja ya Baikal ili ndi 20 peresenti ya nkhokwe za madzi abwino padziko lonse, pamene munthu wachisanu ndi chimodzi aliyense padziko lapansi amasowa madzi akumwa. Ku Russia, izi siziri zofunikirabe, koma mu nthawi ya kusintha kwa nyengo ndi masoka opangidwa ndi anthu, zinthu zikhoza kusintha. Kungakhale kusasamala kusasamalira gwero lamtengo wapatali, chifukwa munthu sangakhale popanda madzi kwa masiku angapo. Komanso, Baikal ndi malo otchulira anthu ambiri ku Russia. Tikumbukire kuti nyanjayi ndi chuma cha dziko la Russia ndipo tili ndi udindo wake.