Mtengo wa thanzi komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
| Zakudya zabwino | kuchuluka | Zachikhalidwe ** | % yazizolowezi mu 100 g | % ya zachilendo mu 100 kcal | 100% yachibadwa |
| Mtengo wa calorie | Tsamba 259 | Tsamba 1684 | 15.4% | 5.9% | 650 ga |
| Mapuloteni | 5.2 ga | 76 ga | 6.8% | 2.6% | 1462 ga |
| mafuta | 18 ga | 56 ga | 32.1% | 12.4% | 311 ga |
| Zakudya | 19.9 ga | 219 ga | 9.1% | 3.5% | 1101 ga |
| zidulo zamagulu | 0.08 ga | ~ | |||
| Water | 56 ga | 2273 ga | 2.5% | 1% | 4059 ga |
| ash | 0.9 ga | ~ | |||
| mavitamini | |||||
| Vitamini A, RE | Makilogalamu 60 | Makilogalamu 900 | 6.7% | 2.6% | 1500 ga |
| beta carotenes | 0.05 mg | 5 mg | 1% | 0.4% | 10000 ga |
| Vitamini B1, thiamine | 0.07 mg | 1.5 mg | 4.7% | 1.8% | 2143 ga |
| Vitamini B2, riboflavin | 0.21 mg | 1.8 mg | 11.7% | 4.5% | 857 ga |
| Vitamini B4, choline | 9 mg | 500 mg | 1.8% | 0.7% | 5556 ga |
| Vitamini B5, pantothenic | 0.3 mg | 5 mg | 6% | 2.3% | 1667 ga |
| Vitamini B6, pyridoxine | 0.07 mg | 2 mg | 3.5% | 1.4% | 2857 ga |
| Vitamini B9, folate | Makilogalamu 5 | Makilogalamu 400 | 1.3% | 0.5% | 8000 ga |
| Vitamini B12, cobalamin | Makilogalamu 0.3 | Makilogalamu 3 | 10% | 3.9% | 1000 ga |
| Vitamini C, ascorbic | 0.4 mg | 90 mg | 0.4% | 0.2% | 22500 ga |
| Vitamini D, calciferol | Makilogalamu 0.02 | Makilogalamu 10 | 0.2% | 0.1% | 50000 ga |
| Vitamini E, alpha tocopherol, TE | 0.03 mg | 15 mg | 0.2% | 0.1% | 50000 ga |
| Vitamini H, biotin | Makilogalamu 2.1 | Makilogalamu 50 | 4.2% | 1.6% | 2381 ga |
| Vitamini PP, NO | 0.98 mg | 20 mg | 4.9% | 1.9% | 2041 ga |
| Ma Macronutrients | |||||
| Potaziyamu, K | 178 mg | 2500 mg | 7.1% | 2.7% | 1404 ga |
| Calcium, CA | 138 mg | 1000 mg | 13.8% | 5.3% | 725 ga |
| Mankhwala a magnesium, mg | 30 mg | 400 mg | 7.5% | 2.9% | 1333 ga |
| Sodium, Na | 43 mg | 1300 mg | 3.3% | 1.3% | 3023 ga |
| Sulufule, S | 38 mg | 1000 mg | 3.8% | 1.5% | 2632 ga |
| Phosphorus, P. | 120 mg | 800 mg | 15% | 5.8% | 667 ga |
| Mankhwala, Cl | 54 mg | 2300 mg | 2.3% | 0.9% | 4259 ga |
| Tsatani Zinthu | |||||
| Iron, Faith | 0.5 mg | 18 mg | 2.8% | 1.1% | 3600 ga |
| Ayodini, ine | Makilogalamu 43 | Makilogalamu 150 | 28.7% | 11.1% | 349 ga |
| Cobalt, Co. | Makilogalamu 1.3 | Makilogalamu 10 | 13% | 5% | 769 ga |
| Manganese, Mn | 0.014 mg | 2 mg | 0.7% | 0.3% | 14286 ga |
| Mkuwa, Cu | Makilogalamu 15 | Makilogalamu 1000 | 1.5% | 0.6% | 6667 ga |
| Mzinda wa Molybdenum, Mo. | Makilogalamu 7 | Makilogalamu 70 | 10% | 3.9% | 1000 ga |
| Zamadzimadzi, F | Makilogalamu 22 | Makilogalamu 4000 | 0.6% | 0.2% | 18182 ga |
| Chrome, Kr | Makilogalamu 0.7 | Makilogalamu 50 | 1.4% | 0.5% | 7143 ga |
| Nthaka, Zn | 0.32 mg | 12 mg | 2.7% | 1% | 3750 ga |
| Zakudya zam'mimba | |||||
| lactose | 4.9 ga | ~ | |||
| sucrose | 15 ga | ~ |
Mphamvu ndi 259 kcal.
- vitamini B2 amatenga nawo mbali pazokonzanso za redox, imathandizira chidwi chamitundu ya chowunikira chowonera ndikusinthasintha kwamdima. Mavitamini B2 osakwanira amaphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya khungu, nembanemba yam'mimba, kuwonongeka kwa kuwala ndi kuwunika kwamadzulo.
- kashiamu ndiye gawo lalikulu la mafupa athu, amakhala ngati wolamulira wamanjenje, amatenga nawo gawo pakumapindika kwa minofu. Kulephera kwa calcium kumabweretsa demineralization ya msana, mafupa amchiuno ndi kumapeto kwenikweni, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kufooka kwa mafupa.
- Phosphorus amatenga nawo gawo pazinthu zambiri zakuthupi, kuphatikiza mphamvu yamagetsi, kuwongolera kuyamwa kwa asidi, ndi gawo la phospholipids, nucleotides ndi nucleic acid, ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mafupa ndi mano. Kuperewera kumabweretsa matenda a anorexia, kuchepa magazi, ziphuphu.
- Iodini amachita nawo ntchito ya chithokomiro, ndikupanga mapangidwe a mahomoni (thyroxine ndi triiodothyronine). Ndikofunikira pakukula ndi kusiyanitsa maselo amitundu yonse ya thupi la munthu, kupuma kwa mitochondrial, kuwongolera transmembrane sodium ndi mayendedwe a mahomoni. Kudya kosakwanira kumabweretsa chiwopsezo chakumapeto kwa hypothyroidism ndikuchepetsa kagayidwe kake, kupsinjika kwa magazi, kuchepa kwamankhwala komanso kukula kwa ana.
- Cobalt ndi gawo la vitamini B12. Amayambitsa ma enzyme a fatty acid metabolism ndi folic acid metabolism.
Mtengo wamagetsi, kapena zopatsa kalori Ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'thupi la munthu kuchokera ku chakudya panthawi ya chimbudzi. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya chinthu imayesedwa mu kilocalories (kcal) kapena kilojoules (kJ) pa 100 magalamu. mankhwala. Kilocalorie yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya chakudya imatchedwanso "calorie yachakudya," chifukwa chake mawu oyambira pa kilo nthawi zambiri samasiyidwa akamanena zopatsa mphamvu mu (kilo) zopatsa mphamvu. Mutha kuwona matebulo atsatanetsatane amagetsi pazinthu zaku Russia.
Mtengo wa zakudya - zili ndi chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.
Chakudya chopatsa thanzi - gulu lazinthu zopangira chakudya, pamaso pazomwe thupi limakwaniritsa zosowa zamunthu ndi mphamvu.
mavitamini, zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimafunikira pang'ono pang'ono pazakudya za anthu komanso zinyama zambiri. Mavitamini nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zomera m'malo mwa nyama. Chosowa cha anthu tsiku ndi tsiku cha mavitamini ndi mamiligalamu ochepa kapena ma micrograms ochepa. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, mavitamini amawonongeka ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mavitamini ambiri amakhala osakhazikika komanso "amatayika" pophika kapena pokonza chakudya.