Maloto amachokera kuti? Kodi amafunikira chiyani? Pulofesa Michel Jouvet, wotulukira gawo la kugona kwa REM, akuyankha.
Psychology: Maloto amawonekera panthawi ya tulo todabwitsa. Ndi chiyani ndipo mwakwanitsa bwanji kuzindikira kuti gawoli lilipo?
Michel Jouvet: Kugona kwa REM kunapezedwa ndi labotale yathu mu 1959. Kuphunzira mapangidwe a reflexed reflexes amphaka, mosayembekezereka tinalemba chodabwitsa chodabwitsa chomwe sichinafotokozedwe paliponse. Nyama yogonayo idawonetsa kusuntha kwamaso mwachangu, kuchitapo kanthu kwaubongo, pafupifupi ngati pakudzuka, pomwe minofu idamasuka. Kupeza uku kunasintha malingaliro athu onse okhudza maloto.
Poyamba, ankakhulupirira kuti maloto ndi mndandanda wazithunzi zazifupi zomwe munthu amawona nthawi yomweyo asanadzuke. Mkhalidwe wa zamoyo zomwe tapeza sizogona komanso kugalamuka, koma ndi gawo lachitatu. Tidachitcha "kugona kodabwitsa" chifukwa kumaphatikiza kumasuka kwathunthu kwa minofu yathupi ndi ntchito yayikulu yaubongo; ndiko kugalamuka kochita kulunjika mkati.
Kodi munthu amalota kangati usiku?
Zinayi zisanu. Kutalika kwa maloto oyambirira sikuposa mphindi 18-20, "magawo" awiri otsiriza ndiatali, mphindi 25-30 iliyonse. Nthawi zambiri timakumbukira maloto aposachedwapa, omwe amatha ndi kudzutsidwa kwathu. Zitha kukhala zazitali kapena kukhala ndi zigawo zinayi kapena zisanu zazifupi - ndiyeno zikuwoneka kwa ife kuti takhala tikulota usiku wonse.
Pali maloto apadera pamene wogona amazindikira kuti zochitazo sizikuchitika kwenikweni
Ponseponse, maloto athu onse ausiku amakhala pafupifupi mphindi 90. Kutalika kwawo kumadalira zaka. Kwa ana obadwa kumene, maloto amapanga 60% ya nthawi yawo yonse yogona, pamene akuluakulu ndi 20 peresenti yokha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake asayansi ena amatsutsa kuti kugona kumathandizira kuti ubongo ukule.
Mudazindikiranso kuti pali mitundu iwiri ya kukumbukira yomwe imakhudzidwa pakulota…
Ndinafika pamfundoyi posanthula maloto anga - 6600, mwa njira! Zinali zodziwika kale kuti maloto amasonyeza zochitika za tsiku lapitalo, zochitika za sabata yatha. Koma apa mukupita, kunena, ku Amazon.
Mu sabata yoyamba ya ulendo wanu, maloto anu adzachitika m'nyumba mwanu "zokonda", ndipo ngwazi yawo ikhoza kukhala Mmwenye yemwe ali m'nyumba mwanu. Chitsanzochi chimasonyeza kuti osati kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa chabe kwa zochitika zomwe zikubwera, komanso kukumbukira nthawi yaitali kumakhudzidwa pakupanga maloto athu.
N’chifukwa chiyani anthu ena sakumbukira maloto awo?
Pali makumi awiri pa zana a ife pakati pathu. Munthu sakumbukira maloto ake pawiri. Yoyamba ndi yakuti ngati adadzuka mphindi zochepa pambuyo pa kutha kwa loto, panthawiyi zimasowa kukumbukira. Kufotokozera kwina kumaperekedwa ndi psychoanalysis: munthu amadzuka, ndipo "Ine" wake - chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za umunthu - amayesa kwambiri zithunzi zomwe "zinayang'ana" kuchokera ku chikomokere. Ndipo zonse zayiwalika.
Kodi maloto amapangidwa ndi chiyani?
Kwa 40% - kuchokera ku zochitika za tsikulo, ndi zina zonse - kuchokera pazithunzi zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mantha athu, nkhawa, nkhawa. Pali maloto apadera omwe wogona amazindikira kuti zomwe zikuchitika sizikuchitika zenizeni; alipo - chifukwa chiyani? - ndi maloto aulosi. Posachedwapa ndinaphunzira maloto a anthu awiri aku Africa. Akhala ku France kwa nthawi yayitali, koma usiku uliwonse amalota zaku Africa kwawo. Mutu wa maloto uli kutali ndi sayansi, ndipo phunziro latsopano lililonse limatsimikizira izi.
Pambuyo pa zaka 40 zafukufuku, kodi mungayankhe funso chifukwa chake munthu amafunikira maloto?
Zokhumudwitsa - ayi! Akadali chinsinsi. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo sadziwa zomwe maloto amalota, monganso sadziwa kwenikweni kuti chidziwitso ndi chiyani. Kwa nthawi yayitali ankakhulupirira kuti maloto amafunika kudzaza zipinda za kukumbukira kwathu. Kenako anapeza kuti pamene palibe gawo la tulo ndi maloto odabwitsa, munthu sakumana ndi vuto la kukumbukira kapena kuganiza.
Maloto amathandizira njira zina zophunzirira ndipo amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi tsogolo lathu.
Katswiri wa sayansi ya zakuthambo wa ku Chingerezi Francis Crick anapereka lingaliro losiyana: maloto amathandiza kuiwala! Ndiko kuti, ubongo, mofanana ndi kompyuta yaikulu, umagwiritsa ntchito maloto kuti ufufute zinthu zosafunika kwenikweni. Koma pamenepa, munthu amene sawona maloto angakhale ndi vuto lalikulu la kukumbukira. Ndipo izi siziri choncho. Mwachidziwitso, pali mawanga oyera ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi ya tulo ta REM, thupi lathu limagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wambiri kuposa pamene tidadzuka. Ndipo palibe amene akudziwa chifukwa chake!
Munaganiza kuti maloto amapangitsa ubongo wathu kuthamanga.
Ndidzanena zambiri: mawa amabadwa m'maloto, amakonzekera. Zochita zawo zitha kufananizidwa ndi njira yowonera m'maganizo: mwachitsanzo, madzulo a mpikisano, wothamanga m'maganizo amayendetsa njira yonse ndi maso ake otsekedwa. Ngati tiyesa ntchito ya ubongo wake mothandizidwa ndi zida, tidzapeza deta yomweyi ngati kuti anali kale panjira!
Panthawi ya tulo todabwitsa, ubongo womwewo umachitika ngati munthu akudzuka. Ndipo masana, ubongo wathu umatsegula mwachangu mbali ya neuroni yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi maloto ausiku. Chifukwa chake, maloto amathandizira njira zina zophunzirira ndipo amagwirizana mwachindunji ndi tsogolo lathu. Mutha kufotokozera motere: Ndimalota, chifukwa chake, tsogolo lilipo!
Za katswiri
Michel Jouvet - neurophysiologist ndi neurophysiologist, mmodzi mwa atatu "atate oyambitsa" a somnology yamakono (sayansi ya tulo), membala wa National Academy of Sciences of France, amatsogolera kafukufuku pa chikhalidwe cha kugona ndi maloto ku French National Institute of Health and Medical Research .