Matenda spondylodiscitis: tanthauzo ndi chithandizo

Matenda spondylodiscitis: tanthauzo ndi chithandizo

Spondylodiscitis ndi matenda oopsa a vertebrae imodzi kapena zingapo komanso pafupi ndi intervertebral discs. Ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa msana ndi msana. Zachilendo, izi zimayimira 2 mpaka 7% ya matenda a osteoarticular. Nthawi zina, spondylodiscitis imayambitsa kuponderezana kwa msana chifukwa cha abscess. Izi zimatha kufikira ndikuwononga mizu ya mitsempha. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuchiza matendawa mwachangu kuti mupewe zovuta zomwe zimatenga nthawi yayitali. Kuwongolera kumaphatikizapo kusasunthika ndi kupumula kwa bedi ndi / kapena immobilization orthosis, ndi chithandizo choyenera cha maantibayotiki.

Kodi matenda opatsirana spondylodiscitis ndi chiyani?

Mawu akuti spondylodiscitis amachokera ku mawu achi Greek spondulos kutanthauza vertebra ndi discos kutanthauza disk. Ndi matenda otupa a vertebrae imodzi kapena zingapo ndi ma disc oyandikana nawo.

Matenda a spondylodiscitis ndi vuto lachilendo. Zimayimira 2 mpaka 7% ya osteomyelitis, ndiko kunena kuti matenda a osteoarticular. Zimakhudza milandu 1 pachaka ku France, makamaka amuna. Ngati avareji ya zaka zoyambira ndi zaka 200, 60% ya odwala ali ndi zaka zosakwana 50, spondylodiscitis imakhudza kwambiri achinyamata. Pazigawo ziwiri za moyo, kusintha kwa mafupa kumakhala kofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda. Ndi matenda oopsa omwe amabweretsa zoopsa za kupunduka kwa msana ndi zotsatira za minyewa. 

Kodi zimayambitsa spondylodiscitis ndi chiyani?

Kuipitsidwa kumachitika nthawi zambiri kudzera m'magazi otsatira sepsis. Majeremusi omwe amakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri amakhala mabakiteriya otsatirawa: 

  • pyogens, monga Staphylococcus aureus (mabakiteriya odziwika mu 30 mpaka 40% ya milandu), mabakiteriya a gram-negative mongaEscherichia coli (20 mpaka 30% ya milandu) ndi Streptococcus (10% ya milandu);
  • Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu (pankhaniyi tikukamba za matenda a Pott);
  • Salmonella;
  • Brucelles.

Nthawi zambiri, majeremusi amatha kukhala bowa monga candida albicans

Ngakhale chifuwa chachikulu chimapezeka makamaka m'dera la thoracic, matenda opatsirana a pyogenic spondylodiscitis amakhudza:

  • lumbar msana (60 mpaka 70% ya milandu);
  • msana wa thoracic (23 mpaka 35% ya milandu);
  • khomo lachiberekero msana (5 mpaka 15%);
  • angapo apansi (9% ya milandu).

Matenda a spondylodiscitis amatha chifukwa cha:

  • mkodzo, mano, khungu (bala, whitlow, chithupsa), prostate, mtima (endocarditis), matenda am'mimba kapena m'mapapo;
  • opaleshoni ya msana;
  • kupweteka kwa lumbar;
  • njira yochepetsera pang'ono yowunikira (discography) kapena achire (epidural infiltration).

Kutengera ndi kachilomboka, mitundu iwiri yachisinthiko imatha kusiyanitsidwa:

  • njira pachimake ngati mabakiteriya pyogenic;
  • matenda a chifuwa chachikulu kapena matenda a pyogenic omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala osakwanira opha maantibayotiki.

Choopsa chachikulu ndicho kusintha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi cha wodwalayo. Kuphatikiza apo, opitilira 30% amadwala matenda a shuga, pafupifupi 10% amamwa mowa mwauchidakwa ndipo pafupifupi 5% ali ndi amodzi mwamatenda awa: 

  • Khansa;
  • chiwindi cha chiwindi;
  • mapeto a aimpso matenda;
  • Matenda a dongosolo.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda spondylodiscitis ndi chiyani?

Matenda a spondylodiscitis ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa msana, zomwe zimakhala zowawa kwambiri msana ndi msana. Iwo akhoza kugwirizana ndi:

  • kuuma kwakukulu kwa msana;
  • kupweteka kwa mitsempha ya mitsempha: sciatica, cervicobrachial neuralgia;
  • malungo (oposa magawo awiri mwa atatu a milandu ya pyogenic spondylodiscitis) ndi kuzizira;
  • kufooketsa ndi kupanikizana kwa vertebrae;
  • kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe.

Nthawi zina, matenda opatsirana a spondylodiscitis amatha kuyambitsa matenda a meninges kapena kupanikizana kwa msana chifukwa cha chiphuphu. Izi zimatha kufikira ndikuwononga mizu ya mitsempha.

Kutengera kufunikira kwa matendawa ndi mtundu wa mabakiteriya, zotsatira zake pambuyo pake zitha kuchitika monga chipika cha vertebral, ndiko kunena kuti kuwotcherera kwa ma vertebrae awiri otsutsana.

Kodi kuchiza matenda spondylodiscitis?

Infectious spondylodiscitis ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi chomwe chimafuna kuchipatala. Thandizo limaphatikizapo:

Kusasunthika pabedi

  • chipolopolo choponyedwa kapena corset chingathandize kuchepetsa ululu waukulu ndikupewa kupunduka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa vertebral, makamaka pa matenda a Pott;
  • mpaka ululu watha pa nkhani ya pyogenic spondylodiscitis (masiku 10 mpaka 30);
  • kwa miyezi 1 mpaka 3 pa matenda a Pott.

Thandizo lokhalitsa lamphamvu la maantibayotiki lomwe limasinthidwa ndi majeremusi

  • pa matenda a staphylococcal: kuphatikiza cefotaxime 100 mg/kg ndi fosfomycin 200 mg/kg ndiye kuphatikiza fluoroquinolone - rifampicin;
  • matenda a chipatala omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi methicillin: vancomycin - fucidic acid kapena fosfomycin;
  • Kwa matenda a gram-negative bacilli: kuphatikiza 3 m'badwo cephalosporin ndi fosfomycin, 3 m'badwo cephalosporin ndi aminoglycoside kapena fluoroquinolone ndi aminoglycoside;
  • Kukachitika matenda a Pott: quadruple anti-TB antibiotic mankhwala kwa miyezi 3 ndiye bichimotherapy kwa miyezi 9 yotsatira.

Opaleshoni mwapadera

  • decompressive laminectomy pakachitika mwadzidzidzi kupsinjika kwa msana;
  • kutuluka kwa epidural abscess.

 Maphunzirowa amakhala abwino. Kutentha thupi ndi ululu wodzidzimutsa nthawi zambiri zimatha mkati mwa masiku 5 mpaka 10. Kupweteka kwamakina pansi pa katundu kumatha mkati mwa miyezi itatu. 

Siyani Mumakonda