Kodi kumwa kapena kumwa khofi ndizovulaza kapena kopindulitsa? Ndi anthu angati - malingaliro ambiri. Inde, khofi imavulaza kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi, monga chinthu china chilichonse. Chakumwa chonunkhachi chimadziwika kuti chinali chozizwitsa komanso chimatha kuvulaza kwambiri.
Tiyeni tikambirane ngati khofi ndi wovulaza monga momwe nthawi zina amasonyezera m'mabuku otchuka a moyo wathanzi. Ndipo kodi nzoona kuti khofi wobiriwira ndi wabwino kuchepetsa thupi?
- Bwanji? Mumamwa khofi?! Dokotala wachichepereyo adadandaula atawona kapu yakumwa m'manja mwa wodwala. - Ndizosatheka, chifukwa khofi ndi poizoni kwa inu!
- Inde. Koma mwina pang'onopang'ono, wodwalayo adakana. - Ndakhala ndikumwa kwa zaka pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
Kuchokera pa nthabwala
Malinga ndi madotolo ena, chifukwa chakuti caffeine ndi mankhwala, ndikugwiritsa ntchito khofi nthawi zonse, kudalira thupi ndi malingaliro pachakumwa ichi kumatha kuoneka. Mukamwa kwambiri khofi, mutha "kuyendetsa" thupi lanu, popeza khofi kwa iye si "oats", koma "chikwapu". Sikoyenera kumwa khofi kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amtima, atherosclerosis, matenda a impso, kuchuluka kwa chisangalalo, kusowa tulo, kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi khungu. Okalamba ndi ana ali bwino osamwa khofi konse.
Zaka khumi ndi ziwiri zapitazo, magazini yasayansi yotchuka ya New Scietist idasindikiza zotsatira za kafukufuku wamkulu kwambiri wokhudzana ndi zotsatira za khofi pakukula kwa matenda amtima. Kuyambira 1968 mpaka 1988, ofufuza aku Britain adayang'anira amuna 2000 ogwira ntchito pakampani ya zomangamanga. Zinapezeka kuti omwe amamwa makapu oposa asanu ndi limodzi a khofi patsiku anali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha 71% chodwala matenda amtima kuposa ogwira ntchito ena onse pakampaniyi.
Mu 2000, asayansi adapeza kuti kumwa khofi kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha nyamakazi ya nyamakazi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe amamwa makapu 4 kapena kuposerapo za khofi patsiku amakhala ndi mwayi wopezeka ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa omwe amamwa khofi wocheperako. Zotsatirazi zinatsimikiziridwa ngakhale pambuyo pa kusintha kwa zinthu zina zoopsa - zaka, jenda, kusuta, ndi kulemera kwake.
Khofi imakhala ndi utomoni wapadera wa benzopyrene, womwe umavulaza thupi la munthu, womwe umasinthasintha kutengera kukula kwa nyemba. Chifukwa chake, khofi wokazinga wotsika amasankhidwa.
Koma zonsezi ndizovuta zakumwa khofi, tsopano tiyeni tikambirane zabwino zake. Ofufuzawo akuti khofi amachulukitsa magwiridwe antchito, amachepetsa kutopa, komanso amathandizira kulimbitsa thupi.
Zonsezi ndichifukwa cha caffeine yomwe ili mmenemo, yomwe imathandizira kuperekera magazi kuubongo, mtima, impso, komanso, pokhala chopatsa chidwi cha psychomotor, chimayambitsa zochitika za ubongo. Anthu aku America apeza kuti khofi wochepa amathandizira spermatogenesis komanso mphamvu mwa amuna.
Mu 1987, asayansi aku America, kwa zaka zambiri akuwona ogula khofi okwana 6000, akuti khofi siyothandiza pakukula kwa matenda amtima, monga tanenera kale. Zomwezi zidachitikanso ndi madotolo aku Finland. Adasanthula anthu 17000 omwe amamwa makapu asanu kapena kupitilira apo patsiku. Zotsatira zamaphunziro aku America ndi Finns zidatsimikizidwanso ndi asayansi aku Brazil omwe adasanthula zotsatira za khofi kwa omwa khofi 45000.
Malinga ndi asayansi ena aku America (malinga ndi Journal of American Medical Association), kumwa khofi pafupipafupi kumachepetsa matenda a gallstone ndi 40%. Asayansi sanagwirizanepo pazomwe zimayambitsa izi, ngakhale amaganiza kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi zotsatira za caffeine. Ndizotheka kuti imalepheretsa crystallization ya cholesterol, yomwe ndi gawo la miyala, kapena imakulitsa kutuluka kwa ndulu komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa mafuta.
Gulu linanso la asayansi omwe adasanthula momwe khofi amabwera chifukwa chamanjenje adazindikira kuti khofi, yemwe ndi m'gulu la zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, ali ndi vuto lochepetsetsa. Zinapezeka kuti anthu omwe amamwa makapu awiri a khofi patsiku samakhala ndi nkhawa katatu ndipo samadzipha kuposa omwe samamwa khofi.
Ndipo asayansi aku Vanderbilt University (USA) amakhulupirira kuti mwina khofi atha kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kupsinjika, uchidakwa komanso khansa ya m'mimba (kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba chimachepa ndi 24% ngati mumamwa makapu anayi kapena kupitilira apo patsiku ).
Posachedwa, maubwino ambiri apezeka mu khofi omwe samadziwika kale. Mwachitsanzo, zimapezeka kuti amachepetsa matenda a mphumu ndi chifuwa, amaletsa kuwola kwa mano ndi zotupa, amachititsa kuti mafuta aziwotcha thupi, ndi mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba, komanso amalimbitsa ntchito yamatumbo. Aliyense amene amamwa khofi amakhala wolimba mtima, samadzidalira, ndipo samachita mantha osaneneka. Mofanana ndi chokoleti, caffeine imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa chisangalalo cha serotonin.
Kafukufuku wina wosangalatsa adachitidwa ndi akatswiri ochokera ku University of Michigan. Adapeza kuti azimayi achikulire okwatiwa omwe amamwa khofi tsiku lililonse amagonana kwambiri poyerekeza ndi anzawo omwe adasiya kumwa.
Kafukufuku omwewo adawonetsa kuti khofi amathandizira kukwaniritsa ndikukhalitsa ndi amuna. Omwe afunsidwa azaka zapakati omwe samamwa khofi adadandaula za zovuta zina pankhaniyi.
Caffeine ya alkaloid, yomwe imalimbikitsa kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa thupi kuyankha bwino, imathandizira kuyambitsa mphamvu zogonana.
Komabe, okayikira amati sikuti ndi caffeine yekha osati ayi. Kungoti okalamba okonda zogonana ali olimba komanso athanzi kuposa anzawo, alibe mavuto amtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Chifukwa chake, amatha kugula khofi komanso kugonana.
Ndipo osati kale kwambiri, Pulofesa Georges Debry, wogwira ntchito ku Nutrition Center ku yunivesite ya Nancy, adalankhula poteteza chakumwa ichi pamsonkhano wokhudza zotsatira za caffeine pa thanzi ku Paris. Wasayansiyo adatsindika kuti palibe chifukwa cholankhulira za kuipa kwa khofi. Ndi kumwa khofi pang'onopang'ono, zimasonyeza kusiyana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kachakudya (chiwopsezo chamtima, gastritis, ndi zina zotero), ngakhale pamene mukudya kwambiri kumalimbikitsa kutuluka kwa calcium m'thupi ndikuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa chakudya. . Ndi mowa wololera wa khofi ndi anthu athanzi, sichikhala choyambitsa matenda a mtima kapena matenda oopsa, sichimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni a thupi. Asayansi ochokera ku India amafotokozanso zambiri zosangalatsa. Iwo adapeza kuti omwa khofi wakuda omwe amakumana ndi ma radiation tsiku ndi tsiku kuntchito amavutika ndi ma radiation ochepa. Kuyesera kwa nyama za labotale kwatsimikizira kuti kumwa kwambiri kwa caffeine kumakhala ngati prophylactic agent motsutsana ndi matenda a radiation. Pachifukwa ichi, madokotala a ku India amalimbikitsa kuti akatswiri a radiologists, radiologists ndi akatswiri ena omwe amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse ndi ma radiation amamwa makapu a 2 a khofi wabwino patsiku.
Koma madokotala aku Japan apeza kuti chakumwachi chimathandiza polimbana ndi atherosclerosis, chifukwa imawonjezera mafuta abwino m'magazi amunthu, omwe amalepheretsa makoma amitsempha yamagazi. Kuti aphunzire momwe khofi amakhudzira thupi la munthu, kuyesa kosangalatsa kunachitika ku Tokyo Medical Institute "Jikei", pomwe odzipereka amamwa makapu asanu a khofi wakuda tsiku lililonse kwa milungu inayi. Atatu mwa iwo sanathe kupirira kwa nthawi yayitali, adayamba kudandaula za "kudana" ndi khofi ndipo pamapeto pake "adachoka", pomwe ena onse omwe adachita nawo kafukufukuyu patatha milungu inayi anali ndi chiwonjezeko cha 15% zomwe zili ndi cholesterol chosaopsa m'magazi, zomwe zimathandizira kuti makoma amwazi asungunuke. zotengera. Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti anthu omwe adayeserera atasiya kumwa khofi ndi chilichonse, zomwe zili mu cholesterolzi zidayamba kuchepa.
Asayansi awerengera kuti nyemba ya khofi ili ndi ma organic acid 30 omwe timafunikira. Amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha imodzi mwa zidulo izi zokha, anthu osadya, koma omwe amamwa khofi ku South America savutika ndi pellagra, mtundu waukulu wa kusowa kwa vitamini. Akatswiri amawonanso kuti kapu ya khofi imakhala ndi 20% ya tsiku ndi tsiku vitamini P, yomwe ndi yofunikira pa mitsempha ya magazi.
Izi zakumwa zimachotsa kutopa, zimapereka mphamvu. Amakhulupirira kuti mlingo wa caffeine wa 100 - 300 milligrams patsiku umathandizira chidwi, umawonjezera liwiro, komanso kupirira. Komabe, mlingo wopitilira mamiligalamu 400-600 patsiku (kutengera mawonekedwe amunthu) ungayambitse mantha komanso kukwiya.
Asayansi ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Münster ndi Marburg amakhulupirira kuti khofi akhoza kuthandiza munthu kukula nzeru. Anachita kafukufuku wophatikizana, womwe unatsimikizira lingaliro: motsogoleredwa ndi caffeine, zokolola za ubongo wa munthu zimawonjezeka pafupifupi 10%. Komabe, asayansi ku Yale University amachenjeza kuti ndibwino kusamwa khofi wopanda kanthu, chifukwa pankhaniyi "imazimitsa" ubongo.
Akatswiri ena amati khofi imathandizanso kutsika kwa magazi, kuchepa kwa mtima, komanso asidi m'mimba.
Ngakhale zili choncho, ngakhale kuti caffeine ndi yothandiza bwanji, ndi bwino kumwa khofi pang'onopang'ono, ndipo akatswiri a zakudya zachilengedwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi bwino kusiya zonse kapena m'malo mwake ndi zakumwa za khofi zopangidwa ndi balere kapena chicory.
Kale, Kum'mawa, iwo adanena kuti zotsatira zovulaza za khofi pamtima zimatha kuchepetsedwa mwa kuponyera miyala ya safironi pang'ono panthawi yophika: "imapatsa chisangalalo ndi nyonga, imatsanulira mphamvu mwa mamembala ndikukonzanso miyoyo yathu. chiwindi.”
Kafi imayambitsa kutupa kwa m'mawere
Amakhulupirira kuti kumwa khofi pafupipafupi kumatha kudzetsa zotupa za m'mawere. Komabe, asayansi akupitiliza kukana ubale uliwonse pakati pa kupezeka kwa zotupa zoyipa ndi kumwa khofi.
Khofi imakhudza mimba
- Sindikumvetsa, wokondedwa, simukusangalala ndi chiyani? M'mawa uliwonse ndimakupatsani khofi pabedi ndipo zomwe mumangofunika kuchita ndikupera… Kuchokera munkhani zabanja
Zatsimikiziridwa kuti caffeine sichikhudza chitukuko cha fetal ndipo sichikugwirizana ndi kupititsa padera. Koma malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa, osati kale kwambiri lofalitsidwa mu American Journal of Epidemiology, amayi apakati ayenerabe kusala khofi, komanso Coca-Cola ndi zakumwa zina zomwe zili ndi caffeine.
Khofi ili ndi caffeine
Nyumba yachingelezi yodziwika bwino, tebulo lomwe linagudubuzika, pafupi naye modzidzimutsa pakuyimirira wachikulire wachingerezi wokhala ndi maso otupa ndi mfuti yosuta m'manja mwake, moyang'anizana ndi abwenzi ake awiri akale, omwe adaponya nawo mwamtendere mphindi zochepa zapitazo, ndipo Onse ali ndi mabowo pamphumi pawo… mkazi wanga amatuluka kukhitchini ndikuyang'ana chithunzi chonse. Akupukusa mutu wake ndi nkhawa, akuti:
- Ayi, Roger, izi sizidzachitikanso! Kuyambira pano, mudzangomwa khofi wopanda mchere!
Zosangalatsa zamitundu
Izi ndizochitikadi. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, mitundu ina yakutchire ya chomerachi ilibe caffeine. Tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mbewu yokhala ndi kafeini wocheperako. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu ya khofi yanthawi yomweyo, yomwe pafupifupi caffeine yonse yachotsedwa mwapadera (0,02% -0,05% yatsalira). Imatsukidwa ndi zosungunulira zenizeni, ndipo posachedwa - ndi madzi a carbon dioxide kuchokera ku mbewu zobiriwira, musanawombe.
Malinga ndi madokotala a ku Britain, ngati munthu amaletsedwa kotheratu mankhwala omwe ali ndi caffeine - tiyi, Coca-Cola, mitundu yonse ya chokoleti, ndiye kuti amatha kupweteka mutu ndikukhala wokwiya kwambiri. Asayansi amakhulupirira kuti thupi limafunikira kuchuluka kwa caffeine patsiku, wofanana ndi makapu awiri a khofi, makapu atatu a tiyi kapena kapu ya chokoleti chamadzimadzi (theka la bar olimba). Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi caffeine mu Mlingo womwe umafanana ndi wa khofi. Izi zikuphatikizapo, choyamba, zakumwa za carbonated zopangidwa pamaziko a mtedza wa cola (wotchedwa mtedza uwu, zakumwa zoterezi zimatchedwa colas). Kafeini amawonjezeredwa ku zakumwa zina.
Mwa njira, mosiyana ndi malingaliro wamba, mtundu wakuda wakuda wa kola, wofanana ndi mtundu wa khofi, sukuwonetsa konse kupezeka kwa caffeine mmenemo. Caffeine imapezekanso m'ma sodas omveka bwino.
Koma kubwerera ku khofi. Ndi mitundu yake yopanda tiyi kapena khofi, zonse sizikudziwikanso. Mulimonsemo, sizofunikira kunena kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri. Osati kale kwambiri, ofufuza ochokera ku Yunivesite ya California adatsimikiza kuti pali zinthu zokwanira zokwanira mu khofi ya decaffeine, yomwe iyenera kupewedwa ndi omwe akudwala mutu waching'alang'ala, arrhythmias kapena neuroses.
Kafeini wa khofi akuti amalimbikitsa kagayidwe kake. Izi ndi zoona, koma kukondoweza kumakhala kochepa. Akuyerekeza kuti makapu anayi a khofi wolimba amathandizira kagayidwe kake ndi gawo limodzi lokha.
Ndipo lingaliro lina lina lolakwika "caffeine". Nthawi zina mungamve kuti mtengo waukulu wa khofi umatsimikizika ndi caffeine: makamaka, zimakhala bwino. Kunena zowona, khofi wabwino kwambiri (Yemeni ("mocha"), wa ku Brazil ("Santos"), wa ku Colombian ("mama") samakhala ndi caffeine yoposa gawo limodzi ndi theka mu nyemba zokazinga, pomwe mitundu yotsika ("Robusta", Costa Rican) mpaka magawo awiri ndi theka.
Pofuna kuchepetsa zakumwa za khofi zomwe mumamwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo awa: kuthirani khofi watsopano ndi madzi otentha ndi kutentha kamodzi mpaka kuwira. Mukamakonza khofi motere, fungo lake limasungidwa, ndipo caffeine samadutsamo.
Khofi amachulukitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi
"Sindikumvetsa kuti chifukwa chiyani pansi pano umathira khofi galu?"
- Kukhala maso usiku.
Zoology zosangalatsa
Ili ndiye lingaliro lotsutsana. Anthu omwe amaganiza choncho nthawi zambiri amatchula zambiri kuchokera kwa wofufuza waku Australia a Jack James, wofalitsidwa koyambirira kwa 1998. Anatinso makapu atatu kapena anayi a khofi omwe amagawidwa tsiku lonse amakulitsa diastolic (pansi) kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi milimita 2-4 ya mercury. Komabe, kukakamizidwa kotereku kungapezeke chifukwa chongokangana ndi mnzanu, komanso ngakhale chisangalalo pamaso pa dokotala yemwe adakufikirani ndi tonometer. Madokotala m'maiko ena afufuza momwe zotsatira za khofi zimakhudzira kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chifukwa chake, madokotala aku Britain akuti zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha "kuthamanga kwa magazi" kwa khofi ndizosakhalitsa, ndipo zimazimiririka pakati pa omwe amamwa. Ndipo kafukufuku waku Dutch adapeza kuti omwe amamwa khofi a 45 omwe amamwa makapu asanu tsiku lililonse kwa khofi kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako ndikusinthira mitundu ya decaffeinated, adachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi millimeter imodzi yokha.
Khofi ndi mkaka ndi bwino digested
- Woperekera zakudya, ndibweretsere khofi, koma wopanda shuga!
Woperekera zakudya akuchoka, nadza nati:
- Pepani, shuga watithera, nanga bwanji khofi wopanda mkaka!?
Nkhani yofotokozedwa ndi woperekera zakudya
Omwe amakhulupirira izi amati mapuloteni amkaka amaphatikizana ndi tannin wopezeka mu khofi, ndipo chifukwa chake, kuyamwa kwawo kumakhala kovuta. Komabe, ndizodabwitsa kuti milandu ngati imeneyi sidayimbidwa tiyi wa mkaka, pomwe tiyi amakhala ndi tannini wambiri kuposa khofi.
Koma okonda khofi akukumana ndi ngozi ina. Malinga ndi asayansi aku Spain, mukamamwa khofi wotentha kwambiri ndi mkaka (ndi tiyi nawonso), chiopsezo chokhala ndi chotupa pamimba chimakula kanayi. Pachifukwa ichi, imayamba chifukwa cha kutentha kwaponseponse. Kafukufuku waku Spain adakhudza anthu opitilira XNUMX ndipo sanaganizire za khansa yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha kusuta kapena kumwa.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, kumwa khofi wotentha popanda mkaka sikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa, ngakhale kuti asayansi sangathe kufotokoza mfundo imeneyi. Ndipo chowopsa kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito tiyi ndi khofi ndi mkaka kudzera mu "chubu", popeza madzi nthawi yomweyo amalowa m'mimba, osakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti azizizira mkamwa. Malinga ndi ochita kafukufuku, zotsatira zoipa chimodzimodzi pa kummero ndi zakumwa zina otentha n'zotheka, ndipo, choyamba, izi zikugwira ntchito koko, amene ana ambiri amakonda kumwa kudzera mu udzu.
Khofi ndi woipa pamtima
M'malo odyera:
- Woperekera zakudya, ndingapeze khofi?
- Ndingadziwe bwanji - ndizotheka kapena ayi, sindine dokotala kwa inu!
Kuchokera ku nkhani zodyera
Takambirana kale za nthano iyi kangapo. Koma nazi chidziwitso cha kafukufuku wina wotsimikizira kuti khofi ndi woipa pamtima pokhapokha atamwa kwambiri. Ku Boston (USA), amayi 85 adawonedwa ndi madotolo kwa zaka 747, ndipo panthawiyi, milandu 10 yamatenda amtima idadziwika pakati pawo. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa adadziwika mwa iwo omwe amamwa makapu oposa sikisi patsiku, komanso mwa omwe samamwa khofi konse. Madokotala aku Scottish, atasanthula amuna ndi akazi 712 10, adapeza kuti omwe amamwa khofi, matenda amtima samakonda kwenikweni.
Komabe, khofi yemwe amatenthedwa mobwerezabwereza kapena kumwa kwa maola ambiri (malinga ndi miyambo yachiarabu) amadziwika kuti ndiwowopsa. Zili ndi zotsatira zoyipa pamitsempha yamagazi.
Khofi ndiwosuta ndipo amatha kumwa ngati mankhwala
- Othandizira! Mumachitcha kuti "khofi wolimba"?!
- Zachidziwikire, apo ayi simukhala owopsa kwambiri!
Nkhani yofotokozedwa ndi woperekera zakudya
Monga mowa, shuga, kapena chokoleti, caffeine imagwira ntchito pamalo osangalatsa muubongo. Koma kodi angatengedwe ngati mankhwala? Malinga ndi akatswiri, mankhwala ali ndi makhalidwe atatu. Uku ndi kulowetsedwa kwa chizolowezi chapang'onopang'ono, pamene mlingo wowonjezereka ukufunika kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mwachizolowezi, uku ndiko kudalira thupi komanso kudalira maganizo. Ngati tiwunika khofi molingana ndi zizindikilo zitatuzi, zimakhala, choyamba, kuti palibe kuzolowera. Kapu iliyonse ya khofi imakhala ndi mphamvu yolimbikitsa ubongo, monga kumwa kwa nthawi yoyamba. Kachiwiri, kudalira thupi kumachitikabe, chifukwa "kuyamwa" khofi kumayambitsa mutu, kugona ndi nseru pakati pa okonda khofi. Ndipo, chachitatu, ndipo mwinamwake chofunika kwambiri, palibe kudalira kwamaganizo, komwe kumasonyezedwa ndi chizolowezicho chifukwa chakuti ali wokonzeka chilichonse kuti atenge mlingo wotsatira. Choncho, khofi silingatchedwe mankhwala.
Pakadali pano, akatswiri ambiri azachipatala amakhulupirira kuti caffeine siyowonjezera. Komabe, iwo amene amasiya kumwa khofi kapena amachepetsa kwambiri mlingo wawo amakhala pachiwopsezo chodwala mutu, samatha kuganiza bwino, amasokonezeka, amakwiya kapena amagona. Mavuto onsewa atha kupewedwa pochepetsa khofi pang'onopang'ono.
Khofi wa Instant
Ndinagula khofi wamphindi ku Chukchi.
Ndinafika kunyumba ndipo ndinaganiza zophika ndekha.
"Thirani supuni imodzi ya khofi," - a Chukchi adawerenga mzere woyamba wamalangizo ndikutsanulira supuni ya khofi pakamwa pake.
"Wonjezerani shuga kuti mulawe," adawerenganso, ndikutsanulira shuga mkamwa mwake.
“Thirani madzi otentha.” - A Chukchi adatsanulira madzi otentha kuchokera mu ketulo ndikuwameza.
"Ndipo blab," ndipo Chukchi adayamba kuzunguliza msana wake.
Zosangalatsa zamitundu
Chilichonse chomwe chatchulidwa pamwambapa chimatanthauza nyemba za khofi, tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za khofi wapompopompo. Amakonzedwa kuchokera ku mitundu yotsika mtengo ndi njere zazing'ono, zosavomerezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, popanga zinthu zambiri zonunkhira zimasowa. Pachifukwa ichi, kutsatsa kumanena kuti ufa wothira mu kapu uli ndi "fungo la khofi watsopano" ndichopanda pake.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti yemwe adapanga khofi wamphaka yekha, katswiri wamaphunziro waku Switzerland a Max Morgenthaler, samanyadira za iye. Kuphatikiza apo, adawona kupezeka uku ngati kulephera kwakukulu pakupanga, popeza zomwe zimapangidwazo zimafanana ndi khofi wachilengedwe mosadziwika bwino. Zaka zana zapitazi, koma ukadaulo wopanga khofi wamphindi wasintha pang'ono.
Ponena za khofi wapompopompo, mwina ndibwino kuyitcha chakumwa cha khofi. Malingaliro awa amagawidwa ndi akatswiri ambiri. Mphunzitsi wina dzina lake Olga Sviridova anati: “Musayembekezere kukoma kwa khofi weniweni ndi fungo lokoma la ufa. M'mayeso athu, timawona khofi wapompopompo ngati chakumwa chapadera chomwe chili ndi zofunikira zake. Ndibwino ngati kununkhira ndi fungo la zakumwa zanenedwa, zogwirizana, kuwawa ndi acidity ziyenera kukhala zochepa. Zoyipa za khofi wapompopompo ndi monga: kununkhira kwa nyemba zaphika kwambiri kapena, kuposa pamenepo, kununkhira kwa zipatso, mapira otentha, udzu ndi "zonunkhira zina m'minda" Nthawi zambiri, kununkhira ndi kukoma kwa khofi kumawononga malankhulidwe azamankhwala ndi zonunkhira kapena "kukoma kwa chinthu chakale".
Ndipo nthano yina. Nthawi zina mumatha kumva kuti khofi wapompopompo siolemera ndi khofi kapena khofi wambiri monga nyemba za khofi. Izi ndi zomwe a Tatyana Koltsova, wamkulu wa labotale yoyesera ya Mospishchekombinat, wopanga mankhwala, akunena izi: Izi sizinachitikepo. Kupanga chakumwa chotsitsimula ndiukadaulo wovuta, ndipo khofi wotereyo amawononga kangapo kuposa masiku onse. "
Kwa ena, izi zitha kupezeka, koma khofi wapompopompo, ali ndi caffeine wambiri kuposa khofi wachilengedwe. Ndipo ngati mu khofi wa nyemba khofi wa khofi nthawi zambiri samalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wake, ndiye ponena za khofi wapompopompo, titha kunena kuti khofiyo imakhala ndi zambiri, ndiyabwino (nthawi zambiri). Koma sikulangizidwa kuti muzimwa khofi wotere nthawi zambiri.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, upangiri wina wothandiza kusiyanitsa khofi wabodza ndi weniweni (kutengera zida za nyuzipepala "Komsomolskaya Pravda").
Akatswiri akuwona kuti kulongedza kwa khofi wabodza nthawi zambiri kumapangidwa ndi makatoni, malata owala kapena polyethylene wokhala ndi pepala lokutira, nthawi zambiri lamitundu yakutha. Mayinawo ayenera kuwerengedwa mosamala. Ngati, khofi weniweni amatchedwa Cafe Pele, ndiye kuti wachinyengo amatha kulemba Cafe Pele brazil, ndipo m'malo mwa Nescafe, Ness-Coffee.
Zinazindikiranso kuti zolemba za khofi wabodza nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndizidziwitso zochepa. Barcode tsopano ili pafupifupi mabanki onse, koma nthawi zambiri achinyengo amapereka manambala omwe kulibe patebulo la barcode, mwachitsanzo, 746 - manambalawa amayamba barcode pa khofi wotchedwa Coffee Colonial ndi Los Portales. Kapena 20-29 - ziwerengerozi sizili m'dziko lililonse. Khodi yotere imasindikizidwa pa nyemba za khofi za Brasiliero (thumba la pulasitiki lokhala ndi chizindikiro chazimiririka), "wopanga" yemwe mwina akuyembekeza kuti akhoza kulakwitsa khofi wa Brasero.
Mu labotale yoyesera zomverera komanso zakuthupi za State Standard of Russia - "Rostest-Moscow" adasonkhanitsa chinyengo chonse. Mwa iwo, mwachitsanzo, Royal standart (Turkey), Neptun golide (Brazil), Santa Fe (Ecuador), Cafe Ricardo (USA), Cafe Presto (Nicaragua), Cafe Caribe (USA) ...
Malinga ndi akatswiri, m'pofunika kugula mankhwala okha makampani odziwika bwino ntchito galasi kapena zitini (ngakhale pali zosiyana, mwachitsanzo, kampani Folgers (USA) nthawi zina amagwiritsa pulasitiki zitsulo).
Mazurkevich SA
Encyclopedia yachinyengo. Chakudya. - M.: Nyumba yosindikiza EKSMO - Press, 2001