Zamkatimu
Impso matenda amuna ndi akazi monga zosiyanasiyana pathologies kuti kusokoneza yachibadwa ntchito ziwalo za mkodzo dongosolo. Aliyense wa matenda ali enieni ake, amasiyana mu matenda chithunzi ndi njira mankhwala.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pafupifupi 4% ya anthu a ku Russia ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a impso, ngakhale akatswiri akuganiza kuti chiwerengerochi ndi chochepa kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti matenda ambiri a impso ndi asymptomatic ndipo anthu sadziwa nkomwe zamavuto omwe alipo. Choncho, n`kofunika kwambiri kuyenda waukulu matenda a impso, kudziwa zizindikiro zawo ndi waukulu njira mankhwala.
Nthawi zambiri munthu amaphunzira kuti ali patsogolo siteji ya matenda a impso ndithu mwangozi, kubwera kudzayesedwa kwa vuto losiyana kotheratu. Pakati pawo, madokotala amatcha impso ziwalo zosayankhula, popeza zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa nthawi zina zimawonekera pamene asiya kale kugwira ntchito. Zoonadi, dokotala akhoza kukayikira matenda mwa kuyezetsa magazi, koma chifukwa cha izi ndikofunikira kuti kusanthula uku kugwere m'manja mwa nephrologist, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri, kwa nthawi yoyamba, odwala amaphunzira za kukhalapo kwa dokotala akalowa m'chipatala ndi myocardial infarction.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti impso zikasiya kugwira ntchito bwino, kuchuluka kwa kashiamu m'magazi kumawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zimayikidwa pamitsempha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti lumen yawo ikhale yopapatiza. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti odwala aimpso insufficiency nthawi zambiri amafa ali ndi zaka 30-40 zaka. Pankhaniyi, matenda amtima amakhala chifukwa cha imfa.
Ziwerengero ndi zenizeni ku Russia ndi USA
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti nephrology idayamba kukulirakulira padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pofufuza ku America kuwululira ziwerengero zokhumudwitsa kwambiri. Zinapezeka kuti 12% ya anthu okhala ku US ali ndi matenda a impso, ndipo 10% ya anthu amapezeka ndi matenda a mtima. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mtima amalandira chithandizo, chifukwa amadziwa za matenda omwe alipo, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso nthawi zambiri amadwala matenda a myocardial infarction, osakayikira ngakhale zomwe zinawapangitsa kuti ayambe kukula. Tsoka lomvetsa chisoni chotero limagwera 90% ya odwala aimpso.
Kuchiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri pa bajeti ya dziko lililonse, kuphatikizapo Russia. Mwachitsanzo, njira ya hemodialysis imawononga pafupifupi ma ruble 7000, ndipo iyenera kuchitika katatu pa sabata pa moyo wa wodwalayo. Choncho, si wodwala aliyense amene angathe kulandira chithandizo. Chifukwa chake, mwa anthu miliyoni imodzi, anthu 212 okha ndi omwe amapatsidwa hemodialysis. Ndipo mutha kupeza chithandizo m'zigawo zomwe zili ndi bajeti yokwanira. Zomwezo zimapitanso pakuika impso. Pali malo osungiramo anthu ku Krasnodar, Moscow ndi St. Petersburg, koma amavomereza odwala "awo" kuti alandire chithandizo. Choncho, n'zosavuta kwa wodwala impso kuchokera ku Rostov kuyika chiwalo m'dziko lina kusiyana ndi, mwachitsanzo, ku St. Pali njira imodzi yokha yotulutsira anthu otere - kusamukira kudera lina kuti akalandire chithandizo chokwanira cha matenda awo.
Kuchiza kwa anthu omwe matenda a impso amapezeka panthawi yake ndi otsika mtengo, choncho tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiyese ultrasound ya impso kamodzi pachaka, kutenga AS ndi LHC. Izi ndizowona makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo: odwala matenda oopsa, odwala matenda ashuga, anthu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri komanso atherosclerosis.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a impso
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti zotsatirazi zingayambitse matenda a impso:
Kutaya kwakuthwa kwa thupi, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kapisozi yamafuta yomwe imazungulira impso.
Kunenepa kwambiri. Mafuta ochulukirapo amayika impso, kusokoneza ntchito yawo. Komanso, kunenepa kwambiri kuipa mtima kamvekedwe.
Matenda a shuga.
Makhalidwe oipa (kusuta fodya ndi kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa). Magazi amachulukana, chifukwa mowa umayambitsa kutaya madzi m'thupi, ndipo utsi wa fodya ndi umene umayambitsa khansa yamphamvu kwambiri. Zonsezi zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito ya impso.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu komwe kumawononga mitsempha ya impso ndikusokoneza kugwira ntchito kwawo.
Mutha kukayikira matenda a impso mwa inu nokha ngati mumasamala kwambiri za thanzi lanu.
Choncho, zizindikiro za kuphwanya ntchito yawo ndi:
Edema pa nkhope ndi mapangidwe a matumba pansi pa maso, kutupa kwa m'munsi. Pofika madzulo, kutupa uku kumachepa. Khungu limakhala louma, lotumbululuka, mwinamwake lachikasu.
Ululu mu lumbar dera angasonyeze pyelonephritis ndi hydronephrosis.
Kutopa, kufooka, kutentha thupi, mutu - zizindikiro zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti munthu ayambe kukayikira matenda a impso.
Chifukwa chokumana ndi dokotala chiyenera kukhala kuphwanya fungo, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa mkodzo.
Matenda a impso: pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis ndi matenda a impso osatha. Matendawa ali ponseponse mu urological mchitidwe. Pafupifupi 2/3 ya maulendo onse opita kwa urologist amatha ndi matenda a pyelonephritis pachimake kapena aakulu ndi kuwonongeka kwa impso imodzi kapena zonse.
Zimayambitsa matenda
Zomwe zimayambitsa pyelonephritis ndikuti mabakiteriya oyambitsa matenda amayamba kuchulukirachulukira mu minofu yaimpso:
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mu 90% ya milandu ndi Escherichia coli) timalowa mu impso m'njira yokwera. Kupyolera mu mkodzo, amalowa m'chikhodzodzo ndi pamwamba. Azimayi amatha kutenga matendawa, omwe amafotokozedwa ndi kapangidwe kawo ka mkodzo.
Mabakiteriya amatha kulowa mu impso chifukwa cha vesicle-urethral reflux. Panthawi imeneyi, mkodzo umaponyedwa m'chiuno mwa impso, chifukwa kutuluka kwake kumawonongeka pazifukwa zina. Kusayenda kwa mkodzo mu impso kumathandizira kuti mabakiteriya ayambe kuchulukirachulukira momwemo, zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa matendawa.
Kawirikawiri, komabe n'zotheka kupatsira impso ndi njira ya hematogenous, pamene mabakiteriya amawalowetsa m'magazi kuchokera ku gwero lina la kutupa.
Chiwopsezo chotenga matendawa chimawonjezeka ngati minyewa ya mkodzo itatsekeka ndi mwala kapena kukanikizidwa ndi prostate yokulirapo.
Zizindikiro za matendawa
Zizindikiro za pyelonephritis pachimake ndi aakulu adzakhala osiyana.
Zizindikiro zomwe zikuwonetsa siteji yowopsa ya matendawa:
Kukula kwadzidzidzi kwa matendawa kumayambira pachimake komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa thupi mpaka kukwera kwambiri (mpaka 39-40 ° C).
Wodwala thukuta kwambiri, chilakolako chake chimatha, kufooka kumawonjezeka.
Mutu ukhoza kutsagana ndi nseru komanso kusanza.
Ululu umapezeka m'dera la lumbar. Amatha kukhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri amakhala mbali imodzi.
Mkodzo umakhala wamitambo ndipo ukhoza kukhala wofiira.
Mayesero a magazi amasonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa maselo oyera a magazi ndi ESR.
Koma aakulu pyelonephritis, nthawi zambiri asymptomatic ndipo zimachitika motsutsana maziko a undertreated pachimake pyelonephritis. Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi zofooka ndi malaise, chilakolako chake chimakula, kupweteka mutu nthawi zambiri kumawonekera. Nthawi zina m'dera la lumbar pali kumverera kosasangalatsa. Ngati matendawa amasiyidwa popanda chithandizo choyenera, ndiye kuti pamapeto pake wodwalayo amayamba kulephera kwaimpso.
chithandizo
Ngati pyelonephritis imapezeka mu mawonekedwe osavuta, ndiye kuti wodwalayo akuwonetsedwa chithandizo chodziletsa mu dipatimenti ya urological chipatala. Iye ayenera kutenga mankhwala, amene amasankhidwa kuganizira tilinazo microflora wapezeka mu mkodzo mayeso. Chithandizo chiyenera kuyamba ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Izi zitha kukhala antibacterial agents kuchokera ku gulu la cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones. Ampicillin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza pyelonephritis mochepa.
Mofananamo, wodwalayo akuwonetsedwa chithandizo cha detoxification, zakudya zokhala ndi mapuloteni ochepa muzakudya zimayikidwa. Pambuyo pa kutentha kwa thupi kubwerera mwakale, wodwalayo amasamutsidwa ku zakudya zabwinobwino ndi kuchuluka kwa madzimadzi.
Ngati chifukwa cha chitukuko cha matendawa ndi kuphwanya kutuluka kwa mkodzo, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuthetsedwa, pambuyo pake maantibayotiki amaperekedwa, immunotherapy ikuchitika. Nthawi zambiri, kubwezeretsedwa kwa mkodzo kumachitika mwa njira yogwiritsira ntchito (kuchotsa miyala mu impso, nephroplexy, kuchotsa prostate adenoma, etc.).
Ponena za mawonekedwe osatha a matendawa, mankhwalawa amamangidwa molingana ndi dongosolo lomwelo, koma ndi lalitali. Njira zazifupi za mankhwala opha maantibayotiki zimaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a pyelonephritis ngakhale atapeza chikhululukiro chokhazikika.
Matenda a impso: glomerulonephritis
Glomerulonephritis ndi matenda otupa impso omwe amakhala ndi chotupa chachikulu cha aimpso glomeruli. Komanso, ma tubules aimpso ndi interstitium amakhudzidwa ndi njira ya pathological. Pathology imatha kukhala yoyambira, kapena imatha kukula motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda ena amthupi.
Nthawi zambiri, ana amadwala glomerulonephritis, matendawa ali wachiwiri pambuyo matenda zotupa za mkodzo dongosolo. Komanso, ndi glomerulonephritis kuti nthawi zambiri kuposa matenda ena urological kumabweretsa kulumala, chifukwa amakwiya oyambirira chitukuko aimpso kulephera.
Zizindikiro za matendawa
Zizindikiro za pachimake glomerulonephritis amaonekera mu atatu zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mkodzo excreted, maonekedwe a magazi mmenemo. Monga lamulo, kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wolekanitsidwa kumachepa m'masiku atatu oyambirira a matendawa, ndikubwerera mwakale. Ponena za zonyansa zamagazi, nthawi zambiri sizikhala zambiri, macrohematuria ndi osowa kwambiri.
Kuwonekera kwa edema. Nkhope imatupa, zomwe zimawonekera makamaka m'mawa.
Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. Chizindikiro ichi chimawonedwa mu 60% ya odwala. Komanso, ali mwana amakwiya zosiyanasiyana pathologies mtima ndi mitsempha.
Ngati matendawa akukula ali mwana, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri amapita mofulumira kwambiri ndipo amatha ndi kuchira kwathunthu kwa wodwalayo. Akakula, ngakhale pachimake glomerulonephritis amatha kukhala ndi chithunzi chosawoneka bwino chachipatala, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matendawa asapitirire.
Nthawi zina malungo, kuzizira, kusowa kwa njala, kufooka ndi kupweteka m'dera la lumbar ndizotheka. Matenda a glomerulonephritis amayamba kuyambiranso, omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'dzinja ndi masika.
Zimayambitsa matenda
Zifukwa zotsatirazi za glomerulonephritis zitha kusiyanitsa:
Streptococcal matenda pachimake kapena aakulu njira. Angina, tonsillitis, chibayo, streptoderma, scarlet fever zingayambitse matenda a impso.
Nthawi zina chifukwa cha kutupa impso ndi chikuku, kupuma tizilombo matenda ndi nkhuku.
Kutalika kwa hypothermia ya thupi, makamaka pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matendawa. Pankhaniyi, madokotala amatcha glomerulonephritis "ngalande".
Pali umboni kuti matenda akhoza kukhala motsutsana maziko a toxoplasmosis ndi meningitis.
Ponena za matenda a streptococcal, si onse omwe amayambitsa matenda a impso, omwe ndi mabakiteriya a nephritogenic.
chithandizo
Chithandizo cha glomerulonephritis kukhala pachimake Inde ikuchitika m'chipatala. Wodwala akulimbikitsidwa zakudya tebulo nambala 7 ndi okhwima bedi mpumulo. Mofananamo, mankhwala ndi antibacterial mankhwala ikuchitika, kuphatikizapo: Penicillin, Ampiox, Erythromycin.
Odwala onse omwe ali ndi glomerulonephritis akuwonetsedwa kuti akonze chitetezo chokwanira. Pachifukwa ichi, mankhwala a mahomoni amalembedwa - Prednisolone ndi mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mahomoni - Imuran Cyclophosphamide. Pofuna kuthetsa kutupa, Voltaren akulimbikitsidwa. Ngati ndi kotheka, odwala amapatsidwa okodzetsa kuchepetsa kutupa, komanso kuchita mankhwala umalimbana normalizing kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Ponena za mawonekedwe osatha a matendawa, amathandizidwa molingana ndi chiwembu chofananira, koma kwa nthawi yayitali. Panthawi yachikhululukiro, odwala amawonetsedwa chithandizo chachipatala komanso kuwunika kwa zaka ziwiri ndi nephrologist.
Matenda a impso: kulephera kwa impso
Pachimake aimpso kulephera ndi kuphwanya ntchito ya impso, amene nthawi zina akhoza kusinthidwa. The pathology imadziwika ndi kutchulidwa kapena kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu kwa ziwalo. Ntchito zonse za impso zimavutika: excretory, secretory, filtration.
Zimayambitsa matenda
Zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwaimpso ndizochuluka.
Ndikosavuta kuwaganizira kudzera m'matenda awa:
Kuchepa kwa mtima chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mtima, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, etc., kungayambitse kulephera kwa aimpso, komwe kumayendera limodzi ndi vuto la hemodynamic. Kutaya magazi kwambiri, kutsekula m'mimba kwambiri ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi, ascites, ndi kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitsenso matendawa. thupi. Anaphylactic ndi bacteriotoxic mantha nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa impso kulephera.
Impso mawonekedwe a pachimake aimpso kulephera kumabweretsa ischemia wa zimakhala za impso, kapena kuwonongeka kwake poizoni (ngati poyizoni ndi ziphe, heavy zitsulo, pamene kumwa mankhwala nephrotoxic). Penapake kawirikawiri, chifukwa ndi kutupa impso, uchidakwa kapena mankhwala chikomokere, impso kuvulala, limodzi ndi yaitali psinjika ya zimakhala za limba.
Kutsekeka kwakukulu (kutsekeka) kwa thirakiti la mkodzo kumabweretsa kulephera kwa aimpso. Zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha urolithiasis, zotupa za prostate ndi chikhodzodzo, ndi matenda a chifuwa chachikulu.
Zizindikiro za matendawa
Zizindikiro za kulephera kwaimpso pachimake zimachitika m'magawo anayi akuluakulu, kuphatikiza:
Munthu sakhala ndi zizindikiro zosonyeza kuphwanya ntchito kwa impso panthawi yowonetsera matendawa, chifukwa zizindikiro za matenda oyambitsa matenda zimawonekera. Mwina kuchitika kwa kufooka, kugona, kusowa kwa njala. Koma zizindikiro izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa cha etiological matenda.
Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wotulutsidwa kumayamba kuchepa, wodwalayo amayamba kutsekula m'mimba, kusanza. Munthuyo amakhala woletsedwa, akufuna kugona, chitukuko cha coma n'chotheka. Ziwalo zina nthawi zambiri zimavutika, kuphatikizapo mtima, kapamba. Kukula kwa sepsis ndi chibayo sikuchotsedwa. Gawoli limatchedwa oligoanuric. Zimatenga pafupifupi milungu iwiri.
Ngati palibe zovuta za matendawa, ndiye kuti munthuyo amayamba kuchira pang'onopang'ono. Kuchuluka kwa mkodzo wotulutsidwa kumawonjezeka, madzi amchere amchere a thupi amabwerera mwakale.
Pachimake aimpso kulephera umatha ndi kuchira kwa wodwalayo. Gawoli ndi lalitali kwambiri ndipo litha kutenga chaka chimodzi. Panthawi imeneyi, pali kubwezeretsedwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ntchito zonse za thupi.
chithandizo
Chithandizo cha pachimake aimpso kulephera umalimbana makamaka kuthetsa chifukwa kuti chikwiyire chitukuko cha matenda. Mofananamo, njira zimatengedwa kuti zikhazikitse kupanikizika, kubwezeretsanso madzi otayika. Ngati ndi kotheka, wodwalayo amasambitsidwa ndi matumbo.
Njira ya extracorporeal hemocorrection imakulolani kuyeretsa thupi la zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zasokonekera chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa impso. Kuwongolera magazi kumaphatikizapo hemosorption ndi plasmapheresis.
Ngati chopinga ndi chifukwa cha impso kukanika, ndiye amachotsedwa opaleshoni.
Kuti muchepetse diuresis, Furosemide ndi osmotic okodzetsa amawonetsedwa. Odwala amafunikira zakudya zochepa zama protein komanso potaziyamu yochepa. Ngati ndi kotheka, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa antibacterial, koma mlingo wawo uyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kwambiri.
Hemodialysis imachitika ngati njira yomwe imalepheretsa kukula kwa zovuta zazikulu. Masiku urological mchitidwe mwachangu ntchito ngakhale mu magawo oyambirira chitukuko cha pachimake aimpso kulephera, komanso pofuna kupewa.
Matenda a impso: urolithiasis (nephrolithiasis)
Urolithiasis ndi matenda omwe amatsagana ndi mapangidwe a miyala ya impso (mapangidwe awo mu chikhodzodzo ndi ziwalo zina samachotsedwa). Matendawa ali ponseponse, amatha kuwonekera pazaka zilizonse, koma amapezeka mwa anthu azaka 25-50.
Zimayambitsa matenda
The zifukwa mapangidwe impso miyala zachokera ndondomeko crystallization mkodzo.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zingakhale:
Cholowa.
Kusatsatira malamulo akumwa, makamaka mukakhala kumadera otentha kwanyengo. Ndikoopsa kumwa madzi nthawi zonse okhala ndi mchere wambiri wa calcium mmenemo, komanso chizolowezi cha zakudya zokometsera, zamafuta ndi zamchere.
Kutaya madzi m'thupi chifukwa cha matenda limodzi ndi kusanza ndi kutsekula m'mimba.
Avitaminosis, makamaka, kusowa kwa vitamini D ndi vitamini A m'thupi.
Matenda osiyanasiyana am'thupi: osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, hyperparathyroidism, matenda am'mimba (gastritis, zilonda zam'mimba, colitis), matenda amkodzo (cystitis, pyelonephritis, nephrotuberculosis), komanso prostatitis ndi prostate adenoma. Mkhalidwe uliwonse umene umasokoneza kutuluka kwabwino kwa mkodzo ndi woopsa.
Zizindikiro za matendawa
Zizindikiro za urolithiasis mu impso zimadalira kuchuluka kwa miyala, kuchuluka kwake komanso kapangidwe kake. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi:
Ululu wosiyana kwambiri ndi kukhazikika m'dera la lumbar;
aimpso colic;
magazi mu mkodzo;
Mafinya mu mkodzo;
Nthawi zina mwala wa impso umadutsa wokha pamodzi ndi mkodzo.
Nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi 15% ya odwala samakayikira kuti ali ndi miyala ya impso, chifukwa samadziwonetsera mwanjira iliyonse.
chithandizo
Pali njira ziwiri zochizira matenda a impso: osamala komanso opangira opaleshoni. Komabe, onsewa ali ndi cholinga chochotsa miyala mu ziwalo.
Ngati wodwala ali ndi mwala wawung'ono, womwe sudutsa 3 mm mu voliyumu, ndiye kuti akulimbikitsidwa kumwa madzi ambiri ndikudya zakudya kupatulapo mbale za nyama.
Ngati mwala uli ndi urate, ndiye kuti muyenera kutsatira zakudya ndikugogomezera zakumwa zamkaka ndi zakudya zochokera ku chomera, ndikofunikira kumwa madzi amchere (zamchere). Acidic mchere madzi akulimbikitsidwa miyala phosphate. Kuonjezera apo, n'zotheka kupereka mankhwala omwe amathandiza kusungunula miyala, komanso diuretics ndi nitrofurans. Komabe, chithandizo choterocho chikhoza kuchitidwa ndi nephrologist.
Ngati wodwalayo amaloledwa ndi aimpso colic, ndiye kuti Baralgin, Platifillin kapena Pantopon amaperekedwa mwachangu kuti athetse ululu. Novocaine blockade wa spermatic chingwe kapena kuzungulira ligament la chiberekero, malingana ndi jenda la wodwalayo, ikuchitika ngati aimpso colic sapita ndi makonzedwe a painkillers.
Opaleshoni m`pofunika ngati pali wokhazikika aimpso colic, pyelonephritis akufotokozera, ureteral stricture, kapena zinthu zina kuopseza thanzi la wodwalayo.
Matenda a impso: hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis ndi atrophy ya aimpso minofu, amene akufotokozera chifukwa cha kukula kwa pyelocaliceal zovuta, amene amayamba chifukwa cha kuphwanya ndimeyi mkodzo. Pansi pa zaka 60, amayi amatha kutenga matendawa, pamene pambuyo pa zaka 60, matenda amapezeka kawirikawiri mwa amuna. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa prostate adenoma kapena khansa ya prostate.
Atrophy ya nephrons ndi tubules a impso ndi zotsatira za matendawa. Zimayamba ndi chakuti chifukwa cha mavuto ndi kutuluka kwa mkodzo, kuthamanga kwa ureter kumawonjezeka, ntchito ya kusefera imavutika, ndipo kutuluka kwa magazi kwa chiwalo kumasokonekera.
Zimayambitsa matenda
Zifukwa za hydronephrosis ndi izi:
Kukhalapo kwa chotupa, polyp, miyala kapena magazi kuundana mu ureter.
Matenda a fungal a urethra.
Matenda a mkodzo wa mkodzo (TB, endometriosis, etc.), zovuta zake ndi diverticula.
Khansara ya khomo lachiberekero, kubereka ana, chiberekero prolapse, yamchiberekero chotupa, prostate chotupa, kungʻambika aneurysm mu peritoneum, anomalies mu malo aimpso mtsempha wamagazi.
Urolithiasis, diverticulum ya chikhodzodzo, contracture ya khosi, vesicoureteral reflux ndi matenda ena a chiwalo ichi.
Kobadwa nako kutsekereza kwamikodzo thirakiti, zoopsa zawo ndi kutupa.
Zizindikiro za matendawa
Zizindikiro za hydronephrosis zimadalira nthawi yomwe munthuyo wakhala akutsekeka mkodzo ndi zomwe zayambitsa vutoli.
Njira zotsatirazi zopangira chithunzi chachipatala ndizotheka:
The pachimake chitukuko cha matenda akuwonetseredwa kwambiri lumbar ululu ndi walitsa mu groin, perineum ndi kumaliseche. Kukodza kumakhala pafupipafupi komanso kowawa. Mseru komanso kusanza kumatha kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri magazi amapezeka m'magazi.
Njira zobisika za matendawa nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi unilateral aseptic hydronephrosis. Pakhoza kukhala ululu wochepa wammbuyo womwe umakula kwambiri pambuyo pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Komanso, munthu amayamba kudya kwambiri madzimadzi. Pamene matenda akukula, kutopa kosatha kumalumikizana, kuthamanga kwa magazi kumakwera.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti anthu omwe ali ndi hydronephrosis amakonda kugona m'mimba panthawi yopuma usiku. Izi bwino outflow wa mkodzo ku matenda impso, monga kumabweretsa kugawikana kwa mavuto mkati m`mimba patsekeke.
Anomalies mu chitukuko cha impso
Impso nephroptosis
Impso nephroptosis yodziwika ndi pathological kuyenda kwa chiwalo ndi kusamutsidwa ake oposa 2 cm ndi ofukula udindo wa thupi ndi oposa 3 cm ndi kupuma mokakamizidwa.
Zomwe zimayambitsa nephroptosis zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa minofu ya atolankhani m'mimba, hypermobility ya mafupa. Pali zifukwa zowopsa za ntchito. Chifukwa chake, madalaivala, okonza tsitsi, madokotala ochita opaleshoni, onyamula katundu amatha kudwala nephroptosis, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa thupi kwanthawi yayitali ali pamalo amodzi, kapena kugwedezeka kosalekeza. N'zotheka kukhala ndi matenda chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana za chigoba, mwachitsanzo, popanda vertebrae. Nthawi zina nephroptosis imapezeka mwa amayi omwe ali ndi mwana wamkulu.
Zizindikiro za nephroptosis zimawonekera pakukoka kupweteka komwe kumatuluka pamimba. Impso ikabwerera kumalo ake, ululu umatha. Mwina mapangidwe aimpso colic, kusokonezeka kwa m`mimba dongosolo, neurasthenia chifukwa aakulu m`chiuno ululu. Mu matenda aakulu, chitukuko cha aimpso kulephera, kupitiriza mkodzo matenda n`zotheka.
Chithandizo chodziletsa ndi kuvala mabandeji apadera, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumaperekedwa kwa nephroptosis yofatsa. Ngati ma pathological ndi ovuta ndipo amatsogolera ku zovuta zazikulu pakugwira ntchito kwa impso ndi ziwalo zina, ndiye kuti chithandizo cha opaleshoni ndichofunika. Opaleshoniyo imatchedwa "nephrpexy", imaphatikizapo kubwezera impso kumalo ake oyambirira ndikukonzekera kwa chiwalo kumalo oyandikana nawo.
Matenda a impso a Polycystic
Polycystic impso matenda amatanthauza kobadwa nako anomaly mu chitukuko cha ziwalo ndi yodziwika ndi mapangidwe angapo chotupa mwa iwo. Onse impso nthawi zonse nawo pathological ndondomeko.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a impso a polycystic zimayamba chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa majini komwe kumachokera ku autosomal domain.
Zizindikiro za matenda akhanda amakula mofulumira ndipo kumabweretsa imfa ya mwanayo. Akakula, zizindikiro za matenda kukula pang`onopang`ono, amakhala ndi kusokonezeka kwapang`onopang`ono impso ndi mtundu wa aakulu aimpso kulephera.
Chithandizo cha matenda a impso a polycystic chimachepetsedwa kukhala symptomatic therapy. Kuti athetse matenda, antibacterial mankhwala ndi uroseptic agents amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikofunikira kuchita nawo kupewa matenda a impso: muyenera kusiya ntchito zolimbitsa thupi, kutsatira zakudya, kuchitapo kanthu pakuchotsa kwanthawi yake kwa matenda osachiritsika. Pa gawo lomaliza la kulephera kwaimpso, funso la kuyika ziwalo limabuka. Hemodialysis tikulimbikitsidwa kuti thupi lizigwira ntchito.
Impso dystopia
Impso dystopia ndi kuphwanya malo awo. Izi zimatanthawuza zobadwa nazo zolakwika. Impso zimatha kukhala zotsika, zimatha kuthamangitsidwa m'chiuno, pachifuwa, ndi zina.
Chifukwa cha impso dystopia ndi anomalies mu chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo zimene zimachitika pa fetal chitukuko.
Zizindikiro za dystopia sizingadziwonetsere mwanjira iliyonse, koma zimatha kuwonetsedwa mukumva kupweteka kwa m'chiuno. Dera la kugawa kwawo kumatengera komwe kuli impso.
Chithandizo chimangokhala ndi chithandizo chodziletsa, chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chiteteze kukula kwa matenda a impso, komanso kupanga miyala mwa iwo. Opaleshoni kuchotsa impso ikuchitika akamwalira.
Chotupa choopsa cha impso
Chotupa choyipa cha impso ndi gulu lonse la matenda omwe amaphatikiza kusintha koyipa kwa impso. Mwa okwana unyinji wa matenda oncological, khansa ya impso amapezeka 2-3% ya milandu. Nthawi zambiri, anthu azaka zopitilira 40 amadwala matendawa.
Zimayambitsa
Zomwe zimayambitsa chotupa choyipa cha impso zimayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, kuphatikiza:
Kusintha kwa ma gene.
Cholowa.
Zizolowezi zoipa.
Kudya kosalamulirika kwa mankhwala (mahomoni, okodzetsa, analgesics).
Matenda aimpso kulephera, polycystic impso matenda, nephrosclerosis zosiyanasiyana etiologies.
Carcinogenic poizoni m'thupi, kukhudzana ndi ma radiation.
Kuvulala kwa impso.
zizindikiro
Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro za chotupa choyipa cha impso sizimawonekera. The asymptomatic Inde ndi khalidwe la magawo oyambirira a chitukuko cha matenda.
Pamene ikupita patsogolo, wodwalayo amakhala ndi zizindikiro zitatu zotsatirazi:
Zonyansa zamagazi mumkodzo.
Ululu m'dera la lumbar.
Maonekedwe a chotupa kuti akhoza palpated.
Mwachibadwa, zizindikiro zonse zitatu zidzawoneka panthawi imodzi pokhapokha pakukula kwa matendawa. Zizindikiro zina za neoplasm yoyipa ya impso ndi: kutentha thupi, kusowa kwa njala, kutupa m'munsi malekezero, dystrophy, etc.
chithandizo
Chithandizo cha zilonda chotupa cha impso yafupika kwa opaleshoni kuchotsa neoplasm. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale m'zaka zakumapeto kwa matendawa komanso pamaso pa metastases. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti muwonjezere moyo wa wodwalayo ndikuwongolera mtundu wake.
Kuchotsa impso kapena kuchotsa chiwalo chonsecho kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Monga njira yowonjezera yochizira yomwe imawonjezera mphamvu ya opaleshoni, immunotherapy, chemotherapy ndi mankhwala omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Palliative mankhwala ikuchitika ndi yaikulu metastasis chotupa kuti mwanabele.