Ma lymphocyte ndi maselo oyera amwazi (ma leukocyte) omwe amatenga gawo lofunikira chitetezo chamthupi. Amazindikira ndikuchepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka mthupi.

Chiwerengero ndi kukula kwa ma lymphocyte

LMa lymphocyte ndimaselo ang'onoang'ono. Ndiochulukirapo ndipo amayimira pakati pa 20 ndi 40% ya leukocyte kufalikira mthupi.

Gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma lymphocyte

Pali magulu atatu a ma lymphocyte:

• B ma lymphocyte ;
• T ma lymphocyte ;
• Ma lymphocyte a NK.

Kuphatikizika ndi kusasitsa ma lymphocyte

Kuphatikizana ndi kusasitsa ma lymphocyte kumachitika m'mitundu iwiri ya ziwalo:

• ziwalo zoyambirira za lymphoid, omwe mafupa ake ndi thymus ndi gawo lake;
• ziwalo zachiwiri zam'mimba, kapena zotumphukira, zomwe zimaphatikizapo makamaka ndulu ndi ma lymph node.

Monga ma leukocyte onse, ma lymphocyte amapangidwa mkati mwa fupa la fupa. Kenako amasamukira ku ziwalo zina za lymphoid kuti akapitilize kukhwima. Kusiyanitsa kwa ma lymphocyte a T kumachitika mkati mwa thymus pomwe kusasitsa kwa ma lymphocyte kumachitika m'matumba achiwiri am'magazi.

Malo ndi kufalitsa ma lymphocyte

Monga ma cell ofiira ofiira (ma cell ofiira ofiira) ndi ma thrombocyte (ma platelets), ma lymphocyte amatha kuzungulira mu magazi. Monga ma leukocyte onse, amakhalanso ndi mwayi wokhoza kuzungulira mu zamitsempha. Ma lymphocyte amapezekanso pamlingo wa ziwalo zoyambirira ndi zachiwiri zam'mimba.

Ma lymphocyte ndi maselo oyera amwazi omwe amatenga gawo lofunikira mu chitetezo. M'thupi, mtundu uliwonse wa lymphocyte umagwira ntchito inayake yolimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Udindo wa ma lymphocyte a NK mumayendedwe amthupi achitetezo

NK lymphocytes, kapena NK cell, amatenga nawo gawo pamavuto abwinobwino amthupi, omwe ndimayankho oyamba a thupi kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zomwe zimachitika mthupi mwathu zimachitika mwachangu ndipo zimakhudza ma lymphocyte a NK, omwe udindo wawo ndikuwononga maselo owonongeka monga ma cell omwe ali ndi kachilombo ndi ma cancer.

Maudindo a ma B ndi T ma lymphocyte omwe amayankha mthupi

Ma lymphocyte a B ndi T amatenga nawo mbali pamagwiridwe anthawi zonse amthupi. Mosiyana ndi chibadwa chathu chachitetezo chamthupi, gawo lachiwirili la chitetezo cha mthupi limatchedwa lachindunji. Kutengera kuzindikira ndi kuloweza kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuyankha mthupi mothandizidwa kumaphatikizapo ma leukocyte angapo kuphatikiza:

• Maselo a B omwe amatulutsa ma antibodies, mapuloteni ovuta omwe amatha kuzindikira ndi kusokoneza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• Maselo a T omwe amazindikira ndikuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'njira inayake.

Kuopsa kwa matenda omwe amadzimadzimadzimadzimodzi

Matenda osokoneza bongo amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo B. Mu matenda omwe amadzichotsera okha, maselowa amapanga ma antibodies omwe amalimbana ndi maselo mthupi.

Pali matenda osiyanasiyana amadzimadzi monga:

• nyamakazi ;
• ofoola ziwalo ;
• kutayipa 1 shuga.

Nkhani ya Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Yoyambitsa matenda omwe amapezeka ndi matenda a immunodeficiency (AIDS), HIV ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amalimbana ndi maselo amthupi, makamaka ma T lymphocyte. Otsatirawa sangathenso kutenga gawo lawo lodzitchinjiriza, lomwe limavumbulira thupi matenda opatsirana zotsatira zake zingakhale zazikulu.

Khansa yomwe imakhudza ma lymphocyte

Ma lymphocyte amatha kukhudzidwa ndi khansa zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ngati:

• lymphoma, khansa yamitsempha yamagazi;
• a khansa ya m'magazi, khansa yomwe imakhudza maselo am'mafupa;
• myeloma, khansa ya m'magazi;
• Matenda a Waldenström, khansa yapadera ya hematologic yomwe imakhudza ma lymphocyte a B.

Njira zopewera

Makamaka, ndizotheka kupewa kutenga kachirombo ka HIV, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri ma lymphocyte. Kupewa Edzi kumayambira ndi chitetezo chokwanira panthawi yogonana.

Chithandizo chamankhwala

Chithandizo chamankhwala chimadalira matenda omwe amapezeka. Mwachitsanzo, pakakhala kachilombo ka HIV, mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito ma ARV amaperekedwa. Ngati chotupa chadziwika, chemotherapy kapena radiation radiation magawo amatha kuchitidwa.

Kuthandizira opaleshoni

Pazovuta zazikulu, opaleshoni imafunika kutero. Mu khansa ya m'magazi, kupatsira mafuta m'mafupa kumatha kuchitidwa makamaka.

Ma hemograms

Kuwerengera kwa magazi kumapangitsa kuti muyese kuyeza koyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo m'magazi, kuphatikiza ma lymphocyte.

Mukamayesa magazi, mulingo wa lymphocyte umawoneka ngati wabwinobwino ngati uli pakati pa 1,5 ndi 4 g / L.

Kutanthauzira zotsatira za kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuzindikira mitundu iwiri yazovuta za lymphocyte:

• kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte, ikakhala yochepera 1 g / L, chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha lymphopenia;
• kuchuluka kwa ma lymphocyte, ikaposa 5 g / L, chomwe ndi chizindikiro cha lymphocytosis, yotchedwanso hyperlymphocytosis.

Myelogram

Myelogram ndikuwunika momwe mafupa amagwirira ntchito. Imayesa kupanga kwa maselo oyera amwazi kuphatikiza ma lymphocyte.

Kuyeza kwamitsempha ya cytobacteriological (ECBU)

Mayesowa amawunika kupezeka kwa maselo oyera amwazi mkodzo. Mulingo wokwera wama cell oyera ndi chizindikiro cha mkhalidwe.

Chiyambi cha kalasi ya lymphocyte B

Pali matanthauzidwe angapo a chilembo "B". Ena amakhulupirira kuti dzinali limalumikizidwa ndi mafupa, pomwe ma lymphocyte B amapangidwa. M'Chingerezi, mafupa amatchedwa "Bone marrow". Malongosoledwe achiwiri, omwe amawoneka kuti ndi owona kwambiri, atha kukhala ofanana ndi bursa wa Fabricius, chiwalo choyambirira cha lymphoid chomwe chimapezeka mu mbalame. Ndi pamlingo wa chiwalo ichi pomwe ma lymphocyte a B amadziwika.

Chiyambi cha T cell class

Chiyambi cha kalata "T" ndi yosavuta. Limatanthawuza thymus, chiwalo choyambirira cha lymphoid komwe kusasitsa T lymphocyte kumachitika.

Chiyambi cha kalasi ya NK lymphocyte

Zilembo "NK" ndizoyambira mu Chingerezi za "Natural Killer". Izi zikutanthauza kusintha kwa ma lymphocyte a NK.